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6.3.6.3 I f t h e p r o v i s i o n i s m a d e f o r r e m o t e
c o n t r o l o f p a y i n g o u t t h e c h a i n cable w i t h t h e
sprocket disconnected f r o m t h e anchor m a c h i n e r y
drive, a device shall be f i t t e d e n s u r i n g a n a u t o m a t i c
braking b y the band brake i n order that the m a x i m u m
speed o f p a y i n g o u t w i l l n o t exceed 3 m / s . I n s h ip s w i t h
E q u i p m e n t N u m b e r o f 4 0 0 a n d less i t i s p e r m i s s i b l e
n o t t o i n s t a l l a device f o r a n a u t o m a t i c b r a k i n g b y t h e
band brake.
6.3.6.4 T h e c h a i n s p r o c k e t b r a k e s h a l l p r o v i d e f o r
s m o o t h stopping o f t h e c h a i n cable w h e n p a y i n g i t
o u t f o r a p e r i o d o f n o t m o r e t h a n 5 s a n d n o t less
t h a n 2 s f r o m t h e m o m e n t o f initiation o f the signal
f r o m the control station.
6.3.6.5 P r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e a t t h e r e m o t e
control station f o r a n indicator o f the length o f the
c h a i n cable payed o u t a n d t h e indicator o f the p a y i n g
o u t speed o f t h e c a b l e w i t h t h e m a r k o f 3 m / s o f t h e
m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e speed.
6.3.6.6 M a c h i n e r y a n d m a c h i n e r y e l e m e n t s , f o r
w h i c h t h e remote c o n t r o l is provided, shall be
manually operated f r o m t h e local position. T h e
failure o f a n y element o r the w h o l e remote c o n t r o l
system shall n o t affect adversely t h e n o r m a l operation o f the anchor machinery a n d equipment
m a n u a l l y operated f r o m t h e local p o s i t i o n (refer also
t o 5.1.3, P a r t X I " E l e c t r i c a l E q u i p m e n t " ) .

6.4.2 O v e r l o a d p r o t e c t i o n .
I f the m a x i m u m torque o f the drive m a y bring
about a larger load o n t h e m o o r i n g machinery
e l e m e n t s t h a n t h a t specified i n 6.4.4, a n o v e r l o a d
protection shall be provided.
6.4.3 B r a k e .
6.4.3.1 T h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h a n automatic brake ensuring a hold, w i t h o u t a
s l i p o n t h e m o o r i n g l i n e a t a p u l l e q u a l t o 1,5 t i m e s
the rated o n e w h e n t h e d r i v i n g energy disappears o r
the d r i v i n g engine fails.
6.4.3.2 T h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y d r u m s h a l l b e
provided w i t h a brake, a braking torque o f w h i c h shall
ensure k e e p i n g t h e m o o r i n g l i n e f r o m u n r e e l i n g a t a
p u l l i n t h e l i n e e q u a l t o 0,8 t i m e s t h e b r e a k i n g l o a d o f
the line o n t h e first rope w i n d i n g layer o n t h e d r u m .
T h e force applied t o t h e brake drive handle shall
n o t exceed 7 4 0 N .
I f the d r u m is fitted w i t h a n arresting o r other
safety d e v i c e , t h e p o s s i b i l i t y s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d f o r
disengaging t h e d r u m b y a n approved means w h e n
the m o o r i n g cable is u n d e r t h e load.
6.4.4 S t r e n g t h c a l c u l a t i o n .
6.4.4.1 T h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y e l e m e n t s s i t u a t e d
i n lines o f force f l o w shall be checked f o r strength
under the rated pull o n the m o o r i n g d r u m . I n this
case, t h e r e f e r e n c e stresses i n t h e e l e m e n t s s h a l l n o t
exceed 0AR
o f the element material.
6.4.4.2 T h e e l e m e n t s o f t h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y
and t h e elements o f its fastening t o f o u n d a t i o n shall
be c h e c k e d f o r s t r e n g t h u n d e r t h e effect o f t h e
m a x i m u m torque o fthe drive a n d w h e n the d r u m is
affected b y a n e f f o r t e q u a l t o b r e a k i n g force o f t h e
m o o r i n g cable.
Besides, t h e s t r e n g t h o f t h e w a r p i n g d r u m s h a f t
under the load applied i n the middle o f its length,
equal t o t h e b r e a k i n g force o f the m o o r i n g cable shall
be c h e c k e d .
I n a l l a b o v e - m e n t i o n e d cases, t h e stress i n t h e
e l e m e n t s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 0,95R o f t h e e l e m e n t
material.
T h e strength o f the m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y elements
shall a l l o w f o r a l l possible k i n d s a n d geometrical
directions o f t h e loads t h a t m a y arise d u r i n g
operation.
T h e strength o f the m o o r i n g rope intended f o r
operation w i t h t h e m o o r i n g machinery shall be
indicated o n the machinery.
6.4.5 A u t o m a t i c m o o r i n g w i n c h e s .
6.4.5.1 T h e p e r f o r m a n c e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d
durability o f the automatic m o o r i n g winches shall
n o t be inferior t o the similar-purpose non-automatic
machinery.
6.4.5.2 A u t o m a t i c w i n c h e s s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h
the m a n u a l c o n t r o l t o provide t h e possibility o f n o n automatic operation.
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6.4 M O O R I N G

M A C H I N E R Y

6.4.1 D r i v e .
6.4.1.1 T h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y d r i v e s h a l l
provide for a n uninterrupted heaving-in o f a m o o r i n g
l i n e a t a r a t e d p u l l w i t h t h e r a t e d speed f o r a p e r i o d o f
n o t less t h a n 3 0 m i n .
T h e speed, v , o f h e a v i n g - i n o f a m o o r i n g l i n e o n
the first rope w i n d i n g layer o n t h e d r u m w i t h t h e
n o m i n a l p u l l i n g f o r c e F s h a l l n o t b e less t h a n s t a t e d
in Table 6.4.1.1.
T a b l e

6.4.1.1

v, i n m / s

0,25

0,2

0,16

0,13

F, i n k N

U p t o 80

8 1 160

161 2 5 0

A b o v e 250

T h e speed o f h e a v i n g - i n o f a m o o r i n g l i n e b y t h e
use o f a w a r p i n g d r u m a t t h e r a t e d p u l l s h a l l n o t b e
o v e r 0,3 m / s . I n s t r u c t i o n s o n t h e c h o i c e o f t h e r a t e d
pull are given i n 4.4.2, P a r t I I I " E q u i p m e n t ,
Arrangements and Outfit".
6.4.1.2 U n d e r t h e r a t e d c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e m o o r i n g m a c h i n e r y (refer t o 6.4.1.1) its d r i v e shall develop
the p u l l o n t h e first rope w i n d i n g layer o n t h e d r u m
e q u a l a t least t o 1,5 t i m e s t h e r a t e d v a l u e i n 2 m i n .

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6.4.5.3 T h e f o l l o w i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d :
sound warning alarm operating w i t h the maxi m u m permissible length o f the m o o r i n g rope veered
out;
an indicator o f the actual pull i n the m o o r i n g
rope under the automatic operation.
F o r pull measuring i t is recommended t o install
sensors w i t h electric o u t p u t signal.

6.5 T O W I N G

WINCHES

6.5.1 W h e r e a u t o m a t i c d e v i c e s a r e u s e d f o r
governing t h e tension o f the towline, p r o v i s i o n shall
be m a d e t o e n a b l e c h e c k i n g t h e v a l u e o f t e n s i o n a t
every m o m e n t . T h e tension indicators shall be
installed a t t h e t o w i n g w i n c h a n d o n t h e bridge.
F o r pull measuring i t is recommended t o install
sensors w i t h electric o u t p u t signal.
6.5.2 S o u n d w a r n i n g a l a r m o p e r a t i n g w h e n t h e
m a x i m u m permissible length o f the t o w l i n e is veered
o u t o r visual m o n i t o r i n g shall be provided. I t is
recommended t o install a towline counter.
6.5.3 T h e d r u m s o f t h e t o w i n g w i n c h e s s h a l l
c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 6.1.6 a n d shall be
p r o v i d e d w i t h f a i r l e a d s ( a p a r t f r o m t h e cases o f u s i n g
a t o w line o f reduced l e n g t h i n accordance w i t h 5.6.1
of Part I I I "Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit").
I f t w o o r m o r e d r u m s are provided, the fairleads shall
be i n d e p e n d e n t . R o p e d r u m s h a l l b e f i t t e d w i t h a
coupling t o ensure its disconnection f r o m the d r i v i n g
machinery.

G e o m e t r i c a l dimensions o f the w i n c h heads shall

provide the possibility for paying out o f the towline.
6.5.4 T h e d e s i g n o f t h e w i n c h s h a l l p r o v i d e f o r
q u i c k r e l e a s i n g o f t h e d r u m i n o r d e r t o e n s u r e free
p aying-out o f the t o w i n g line.
6.5.5 B r a k e s .
6.5.5.1 T h e t o w i n g w i n c h e s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h a n a u t o m a t i c brake ensuring h o l d i n g o f a line a t
a p u l l e q u a l t o a t l e a s t 1,25 t i m e s t h e r a t e d o n e w h e n
the d r i v i n g energy disappears o r is switched off.
6.5.5.2 T h e r o p e d r u m o f t h e w i n c h s h a l l b e
provided w i t h t h e brake capable o f h o l d i n g t h e d r u m ,
w h e n t h e e f f o r t i n t h e r o p e i s n o t less t h a n t h e b r e a k i n g
load o f the t o w l i n e w i t h o u t slipping and w h e n the d r u m
is d i s c o n n e c t e d f r o m t h e d r i v e . T h e d r u m b r a k e
controlled b y a n y type o f energy shall be p r o v i d e d
w i t h m a n u a l c o n t r o l as w e l l . T h e b r a k e design s h a l l
ensure t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f q u i c k releasing f o r t h e p u r p o s e
o f loosing paying o u t o f the towline.
6.5.6 T h e t o w i n g w i n c h e l e m e n t s s i t u a t e d i n l i n e s
o f force f l o w shall be checked f o r strength under t h e
rated rope pull applied t o t h e middle layer o f
w i n d i n g . T h e r e f e r e n c e stresses i n t h e e l e m e n t s
s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 0AR
o f the element material i n
t h i s case.
6.5.7 T h e e l e m e n t s s h a l l b e c h e c k e d f o r s t r e n g t h
w h e n t h e d r u m is a f f e c t e d b y e f f o r t s c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o
t h e m a x i m u m t o r q u e o f t h e d r i v e , as w e l l a s w h e n t h e
d r u m i s affected b y a n effort equal t o t h e t o w l i n e
breaking force o n t h e upper layer o f w i n d i n g . T h e
r e f e r e n c e stresses i n e l e m e n t s , w h i c h m a y b e s u b j e c t e d
to efforts caused b y the above-mentioned loads, shall
n o t e x c e e d 0,95R o f t h e e l e m e n t m a t e r i a l .
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7 H Y D R A U L I C

7.1 G E N E R A L

7.1.1 C o n n e c t i n g o f h y d r a u l i c s t e e r i n g g e a r
pipelines a n d those o f the h y d r a u l i c p o w e r systems
o f C P P t o o t h e r h y d r a u l i c systems is n o t p e r m i t t e d .
C o n n e c t i n g o f pipelines o f the e n g i n e - r o o m t r u n k
closures h y d r a u l i c drive systems t o o t h e r h y d r a u l i c
systems is n o t p e r m i t t e d .
I n passenger ships a n d special p u r p o s e ships, the
c o n n e c t i o n o f the pipeline systems o f power-operated
s l i d i n g w a t e r t i g h t d o o r s t o o t h e r h y d r a u l i c s y s t e m s is
not permitted.
7.1.2 W h e r e t h e p i p e l i n e s e r v i c i n g h y d r a u l i c
anchor machinery is connected t o other hydraulic
system pipelines, the latter shall be serviced b y t w o
separate p u m p u n i t s , each o f w h i c h shall ensure the
a n c h o r gear o p e r a t i o n w i t h n o m i n a l p u l l a n d a t
n o m i n a l h e a v i n g - i n speed.
7.1.3 T h e h y d r a u l i c s y s t e m f a i l u r e s h a l l n o t c a u s e
the failure o f machinery o r arrangement.
7.1.4 F l u i d s t o b e u s e d i n t h e h y d r a u l i c s y s t e m s
s h a l l b e selected w i t h r e g a r d t o t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d i tions t h a t m a y occur d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n (refer t o
T a b l e 2.3.1-2, P a r t V I I " M a c h i n e r y I n s t a l l a t i o n s " ) .
7.1.5 I n p a s s e n g e r s h i p s a n d s p e c i a l p u r p o s e
ships, t h e h y d r a u l i c systems o f p o w e r - o p e r a t e d
sliding watertight doors m a y be centralized o r
independent f o r each door.
T h e centralized systems shall be p r o v i d e d w i t h a
low-level a l a r m for hydraulic fluid reservoirs serving
t h e s y s t e m a n d a l o w gas p r e s s u r e a l a r m f o r h y d r a u l i c
accumulators. O t h e r effective m e a n s o f m o n i t o r i n g
loss o f s t o r e d e n e r g y i n h y d r a u l i c a c c u m u l a t o r s m a y
be p r o v i d e d . T h e s e a l a r m s s h a l l be a u d i b l e a n d v i s u a l
and shall be situated o n the operating console a t the
n a v i g a t i o n bridge.
T h e centralized systems shall be designed t o
m i n i m i z e the possibility o f a failure i n the operation
o f m o r e t h a n o n e d o o r caused b y d a m a g e t o a single
part o f the system.
A n independent h y d r a u l i c system f o r each sliding
w a t e r t i g h t d o o r s h a l l h a v e a l o w gas p r e s s u r e g r o u p
a l a r m o r o t h e r e f f e c t i v e m e a n s o f m o n i t o r i n g loss o f
stored energy i n hydraulic accumulators, situated a t
the operating console o n the n a v i g a t i o n bridge. Loss
o f stored energy i n d i c a t i o n shall be p r o v i d e d a t each
local control station.
Besides, the h y d r a u l i c systems o f p o w e r - o p e r a t e d
sliding w a t e r t i g h t d o o r s i n passenger ships a n d
special p u r p o s e ships s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h the requirem e n t s o f 7.12.5.7, P a r t I I I " E q u i p m e n t , A r r a n g e ments and Outfit".

D R I V E S

7.1.6 H y d r a u l i c s y s t e m s o f h a t c h c o v e r s d r i v e s o f
holds adapted t o t h e carriage o f dangerous goods
a d d i t i o n a l l y shall m e e t the requirements o f 7.10.8.6,
Part I I I "Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit".

7.2 S T R E N G T H

CALCULATION

7.2.1 T h e h y d r a u l i c m a c h i n e r y e l e m e n t s s i t u a t e d
i n lines o f force f l o w shall be checked u n d e r t h e
stresses c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e w o r k i n g p r e s s u r e . I n
t h i s case, t h e r e f e r e n c e stresses i n e l e m e n t s s h a l l n o t
exceed 0AR
o f the element material.
7.2.2 I n cases s p e c i f i e d i n 6 . 2 . 4 . 1 , 6.3.4 a n d 6 . 4 . 2 ,
the elements shall be checked f o r strength under the
stresses c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e o p e n i n g p r e s s u r e o f t h e
s a f e t y v a l v e s . I n t h i s case, t h e r e f e r e n c e stresses i n
e l e m e n t s s h a l l n o t e x c e e d 0,95R
o f element
material.
7.2.3 T h e p i p e l i n e s a n d v a l v e s o f t h e h y d r a u l i c
s y s t e m s s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s specified
i n Sections 2 , 4 a n d 5, P a r t V I I I "Systems a n d
Piping".
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7.3 S A F E T Y A N D O T H E R

ARRANGEMENTS

7.3.1 T h e h y d r a u l i c m a c h i n e r y s h a l l b e p r o t e c t e d
b y safety valves, w h i c e o p e r a t i n g pressure s hall n o t
exceed 1,1 t i m e s t h e m a x i m u m r a t e d p r e s s u r e , e x c e p t
f o r t h e cases s p e c i f i e d i n 6 . 2 . 4 . 1 , 6.3.4 a n d 6 . 4 . 2 .
7.3.2 T h e w o r k i n g f l u i d f r o m t h e s a f e t y
valve shall be led t o the d r a i n pipeline o r t o the o i l
tank.
7.3.3 A r r a n g e m e n t s f o r c o m p l e t e a i r e x p u l s i o n
w h e n filling the machinery and the pipeline w i t h the
w o r k i n g fluid, as w e l l as f o r leakage replenishment
and drainage shall be provided.
7.3.4 T h e h y d r a u l i c s y s t e m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h the filters o f appropriate capacity a n d filtration
purity o f the w o r k i n g fluid.
F o r c o n t i n u o u s l y operating h y d r a u l i c systems
( h y d r a u l i c s t e e r i n g gear, h y d r a u l i c c o u p l i n g s , etc.)
p r o v i s i o n shall be m a d e f o r filter cleaning w i t h o u t
interruption o f the system operation.
7.3.5 O i l seals b e t w e e n f i x e d p a r t s f o r m i n g a p a r t
o f e x t e r n a l p r e s s u r e l i m i t s h a l l be o f " m e t a l o n m e t a l "
type.
O i l seals b e t w e e n m o v i n g p a r t s f o r m i n g a p a r t o f
e x t e r n a l p r e s s u r e l i m i t s h a l l be d o u b l e d i n s u c h a w a y

Part IX. Machinery

203

t h a t t h e f a i l u r e o f o n e seal w o u l d n o t d i s a b l e t h e
executive actuator.
The alternative arrangements p r o v i d i n g the
e q u i v a l e n t l e a k a g e p r o t e c t i o n m a y be a c c e p t e d u p o n
the special agreement w i t h the Register.

7.3.6 H y d r a u l i c w o r k i n g c y l i n d e r r o d s t h a t a r e
h e a v i t y a f f e c t e d b y d u s t a n d s u b j e c t t o i c i n g s h a l l be
p r o t e c t e d a g a i n s t s u c h effects.
7.3.7 T h e h y d r a u l i c m a c h i n e r y s h a l l be p r o v i d e d
w i t h a sufficient a m o u n t o f the instruments t o
m o n i t o r its operation.

8 G A S T U R B I N E S

8.1

G E N E R A L

8.1.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e S e c t i o n a p p l y t o m a i n
a n d a u x i l i a r y m a r i n e gas t u r b i n e s o f 1 0 0 k W p o w e r
a n d a b o v e . A p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s t o gas
t u r b i n e s o f less t h a n 1 0 0 k W p o w e r w i l l be a g r e e d b y
t h e R e g i s t e r i n e a c h case.
The present requirements cover converted airc r a f t , m a r i n e a n d s t a t i o n a r y gas t u r b i n e s , i f i n s t a l l e d
a b o a r d sea-going ships.
T h e f i e l d o f a p p l y i n g t h e gas t u r b i n e s c o v e r e d b y
t h e p r e s e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s i s as f o l l o w s :
displacement ships, high-speed craft;
d y n a m i c a l l y s u p p o r t e d ships;
mobile offshore drilling units ( M O D U ) and fixed
offshore platforms ( F O P ) .
8.1.2 D e s i g n o u t p u t refers t o design c o n d i t i o n s , i.e.
sp ecified v a l u e s o f a m b i e n t a i r a n d w a t e r t e m p e r a tures, air h u m i d i t y , atmospheric pressure a n d exhaust
a n d s u c t i o n r e s i s t a n c e a d o p t e d f o r gas t u r b i n e d e s i g n .
I t is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t the f o l l o w i n g parameters
s h a l l be a d o p t e d as d e s i g n c o n d i t i o n s ( i n a c c o r d a n c e
w i t h the requirements o f I S O 2314):
air t e m p e r a t u r e , i n C, a t gas t u r b i n e i n l e t + 1 5 ;
r e l a t i v e a i r h u m i d i t y , i n % 6 0 ;
a i r p r e s s u r e , i n k P a 1 0 0 .
8.1.3 I n s h i p s o f u n r e s t r i c t e d service, a t least t w o
m a i n gas t u r b i n e s s h a l l be u s e d , w h i l e a p o s s i b i l i t y
s h a l l e x i s t o f t h e s h i p m o v e m e n t w i t h o n e gas t u r b i n e
in operation.
W h e n a s i n g l e gas t u r b i n e is e m p l o y e d , t h e
necessity o f a p p l i c a t i o n o f the emergency device t o
e n s u r e s h i p p r o p u l s i o n s h a l l be a g r e e d w i t h t h e
R e g i s t e r i n e a c h case.
8.1.4 W h e n w a t e r s u p p l y t o t h e a i r c o o l e r is
c o m p l e t e l y s h u t o f f , t h e gas t u r b i n e w i t h a i r i n t e r c o o l i n g s h a l l d e v e l o p a n o u t p u t n o t less t h a n
20 per cent o f the design value.
8.1.5 T h e gas t u r b i n e i n s t a l l a t i o n w i t h a r e v e r s i n g
device shall p r o v i d e reversing f r o m f u l l a h e a d t o f u l l
astern a n d vice versa (refer t o 2.1.4, P a r t V I I
"Machinery Installations").
T h e gas t u r b i n e i n s t a l l a t i o n w i t h o u t a r e v e r s i n g
d e v i c e m a y be i n s t a l l e d , i f t h e s h i p i s e q u i p p e d w i t h
o t h e r m e a n s a n d devices t o e n s u r e a s t e r n r u n n i n g .

W h e n t h e a s t e r n t u r b i n e is e m p l o y e d , t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.1.2 a n d 3.6.2 s h a l l be f o l l o w e d ,
for reverse-reduction gear, the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 4.1.1
o f t h e P a r t s h a l l be c o m p l i e d w i t h a n d i n t h e case o f
C P P a p p l i c a t i o n , the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 6.5.5, P a r t V I I
" M a c h i n e r y I n s t a l l a t i o n s " s h a l l be m e t .
W h e n u s i n g the compressed a i r f o r the reverse
s y s t e m s , i t s s t o r e s h a l l p r o v i d e a t least 2 5 r e s e t t i n g s o f
the reverse. R e f u e l l i n g o f the compressed a i r store
s h a l l be p e r f o r m e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y f r o m a t least t w o
sources.
C o n n e c t i o n o f other consumers to the h i g h
pressure compressed air systems p r o v i d i n g the
o p e r a t i o n o f t h e r e v e r s e s y s t e m s , p r o t e c t i o n o f gas
t u r b i n e s , b r i d g e c o n t r o l is p r o h i b i t e d .
8.1.6 T h e s t e a d y o p e r a t i o n o f t h e gas t u r b i n e s
w i t h o u t stalling a n d surging under a l l possible
o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s , m a n o e u v r i n g i n c l u d e d , as w e l l
as t h e p e r m i s s i b l e d e p o s i t s o n gas t u r b i n e s a n d u n d e r
t r o p i c a l c o n d i t i o n s ( a i r t e m p e r a t u r e n o t less t h a n
4 5 C, r e l a t i v e a i r h u m i d i t y o f 9 5 p e r c e n t a t 3 5 C
a n d sea w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e o f 3 5 C) s h a l l be p r o v e d
b y c a l c u l a t i o n s a n d tests.
I n c r e a s e s a n d d r o p s o f l o a d s h a l l be p e r f o r m e d a t
t h e s p e e d t o e n s u r e s t e a d y o p e r a t i o n o f gas t u r b i n e
compressors t h r o u g h o u t the operating range.
The p r o g r a m f o r testing the steady o p e r a t i o n o f
t h e gas t u r b i n e s s h a l l be a g r e e d w i t h t h e R e g i s t e r i n
e a c h case, a n d t h e c o n t r o l s h a l l be p e r f o r m e d b o t h a t
the manufacturer's bench and after installation o f the
gas t u r b i n e o n b o a r d .
8.1.7 T h r o u g h o u t t h e o p e r a t i n g s t a r t i n g , t h e r e
s h a l l be n o z o n e s r e s t r i c t i n g t h e gas t u r b i n e o p e r a t i o n
due t o v i b r a t i o n s . N o r m a l v i b r a t i o n s shall n o t exceed
t h e p e r m i s s i b l e v a l u e s g i v e n i n S e c t i o n 9, P a r t V I I
"Machinery Installations".
8.1.8 F o r t h e gas t u r b i n e s o f s h i p s w i t h ice
strengthening categories A r c 6 t o A r c 9 , the requirements o f 2.1.2, P a r t V I I " M a c h i n e r y Installations"
s h a l l be m e t , a n d w h e r e t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s c a n n o t be
fulfilled, the loads o n units transmitting the p o w e r
f r o m t h e gas t u r b i n e t o t h e p r o p e l l e r s h a l l be
approved by the Register.
8.1.9 A s s t a r t i n g devices, a.c. m o t o r s s h a l l be
u s e d . T h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f d.c. m o t o r s a n d s t a r t i n g

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devices o f o t h e r t y p e s s h a l l b e a g r e e d b y t h e R e g i s t e r
i n e a c h case.
A n o p p o r t u n i t y shall be ensured o f starting each
gas t u r b i n e f r o m a t l e a s t t w o s o u r c e s o f p o w e r . T h e
change-over f r o m o n e source o f p o w e r t o t h e other
for starting u p the turbine shall be performed i n n o t
m o r e t h a n 6 0 s. F o r h i g h - s p e e d a n d d y n a m i c a l l y
supported craft, p o w e r supply f r o m o n e source o f
p o w e r is permitted.
A t least f o u r successive s t a r t s o f t h e gas t u r b i n e
shall be possible. A n o p p o r t u n i t y shall be ensured f o r
starting u p the turbine before the r o t o r driven b y t h e
starting device h a s f u l l y stopped.
8.1.10 W h e n d o p e d f u e l s l e a v i n g d e p o s i t s o f
c o m b u s t i o n p r o d u c t s o n gas t u r b i n e b l a d e s a r e u s e d ,
p r o v i s i o n shall be m a d e f o r systems a n d m e a n s o f
cleaning t h e blading w i t h o u t stopping the turbine. A
system f o r washing t h e stopped turbine t o clean t h e
turbine blades f r o m deposits a n d t h e compressor
blades f r o m salt deposits shall be also p r o v i d e d .
T h e gas turbines o f high-speed a n d d y n a m i c a l l y
supported craft m a y be cleaned a n d washed i n p o r t
b y m e a n s o f shore appliances.
A cleaning o r washing o f the blading shall result
i n t h e r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e gas t u r b i n e parameters.
T h e cleaning (washing) media shall n o t have a
c o r r o s i v e effect o n t h e t u r b i n e b l a d i n g a n d t h e
surface o f t h e exhaust gas b o i l e r installed b e h i n d
the t u r b i n e . T h e w a s h i n g waste shall be discharged t o
special t a n k s .
T h e gas t u r b i n e w a s h i n g m e d i u m s h a l l b e i s s u e d
w i t h a sanitary approval permitting its application
a b o a r d sea-going ships.
8.1.11 T h e a i r s u c t i o n i n l e t s o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e s
s h a l l b e f i t t e d w i t h f i l t e r s t o p r e c l u d e speeds o f
depositing o n t h e compressor blading dangerous f o r
the n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n o f t h e gas turbines. T h e filter
e f f i c i e n c y s h a l l b e t e s t e d a t t h e s a m e t i m e as t h e s h i p
d e l i v e r y t a k e s place.
T h e a i r i n l e t s s h a l l b e s o l o c a t e d as t o p r e v e n t t h e
e n t r y o f water, exhaust gas v a p o u r s a n d b l o w o u t
f r o m the fan i n t o the compressor. Provisions shall be
made f o r preventing the suction duct f r o m icing, i f
t h e r i s k o f i c i n g exists u n d e r t h e s h i p o p e r a t i n g
conditions.
T h e reserve i n t a k e o f 6 0 p e r cent o f a i r v o l u m e
s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n case o f i c i n g o f t h e s u c t i o n .
F o r high-speed a n d d y n a m i c a l l y supported craft,
measures against icing a n d the reserve air i n t a k e need
n o t be t a k e n o n agreement w i t h t h e Register.
T h e a i r inlets shall n o t p r o d u c e eddies a t
compressor intakes, w h i c h w o u l d m a k e the compress o r o p e r a t i o n less s t ab l e u n d e r a n y o p e r a t i n g c o n d i tions.
D r a i n a g e systems o f air inlets shall be p r o v i d e d
w i t h hydroseals.

Q u i c k - o p e r a t i n g devices s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d f o r
closing t h e air inlets.
8.1.12 G a s e x h a u s t s y s t e m s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h the remote-controlled arrangements t o prevent
a i r c i r c u l a t i o n t h r o u g h t h e g a s t u r b i n e b o t h i n case o f
fire a n d w h e n i n port.
I f o n e a i r duct o r exhaust m a n i f o l d is intended
f o r t w o o r m o r e engines, gas a n d a i r r e c i r c u l a t i o n
t h r o u g h n o n - o p e r a t i n g engines shall be prevented.
8.1.13 A i r s u c t i o n a n d g a s e x h a u s t t r u n k s , f u e l ,
refrigeration a n d other piping shall be connected t o
the engine so t h a t n o e x p a n s i o n stresses a r e
t r a n s m i t t e d t o t h e place o f connection.
P i p i n g shall w i t h s t a n d v i b r a t i o n o n levels generated d u r i n g t h e gas t u r b i n e o p e r a t i o n .
8.1.14 A l l t h e i n t e r n a l c o m p o n e n t s o f a i r d u c t s
and t r u n k s f o r a i r supply t o compressors shall be
manufactured f r o m corrosion-resistant materials.
T h e dimensions o f t h e c o m p o n e n t s a n d fastenings
shall exclude t h e possibility o f their penetration
t h r o u g h the protective grating before the compressor.
A l l inner m o u n t i n g s shall be fixed. T h e trunks a n d
ducts shall provide t h e possibility o f periodical
c h e c k i n g o f t h e c o n d i t i o n o f i n n e r surfaces.
8.1.15 A l l t u r b o c h a r g e r s a n d gas t u r b i n e s s h a l l b e
fitted w i t h a turning arrangement. P r o v i s i o n shall be
m a d e f o r i n t e r l o c k i n g t h e shaft-turning gear w i t h t h e
gas-turbine starting device o r f o r a n a u t o m a t i c
d i s c o n n e c t i o n o f t h e s h a f t - t u r n i n g gear.
Quick-disconnecting couplings shall be provided
w i t h i n t e r l o c k i n g e x c l u d i n g t h e s t a r t i n g u p o f t h e gas
t u r b i n e w i t h t h e r e d u c t i o n gear being disconnected.
8.1.16 G a s t u r b i n e s f o r d r i v i n g t h e e m e r g e n c y
generator a n d fire p u m p shall be fitted w i t h
independent fuel, l u b r i c a t i n g o i l a n d c o o l i n g systems.
I n addition t o automatic starting, m a n u a l starting
f r o m the local control station shall be provided.
8.1.17 T o d i s c h a r g e t h e l i q u i d f u e l ( o r gas, i f gasoperated) r e m a i n i n g i n t h e gas turbine after failed
starting o r d u e t o fuel leakage i n t h e c o m b u s t i o n
chamber d u r i n g standby condition, p r o v i s i o n shall be
m a d e f o r " a c o l d s t a r t " (false s t a r t i n g w i t h o u t f u e l
supply) before each turbine starting.
T h e d u r a t i o n a n d n u m b e r o f t h e "cold starts"
shall be sufficient f o r a complete discharge o f
u n b u r n t f u e l (gas) f r o m t h e t u r b i n e .
8.1.18 T o p r e v e n t l u b r i c a t i n g o i l v a p o u r e m i s s i o n
to t h e atmosphere, lubricating o i l tanks shall be
equipped w i t h special separators discharging a i r i n t o
t h e e x h a u s t gas d u c t ( t o gas v e n t s e c t i o n ) .
8.1.19 E a c h g a s t u r b i n e s h a l l b e c o v e r e d w i t h a
n o i s e - a n d w a r m t h - i n s u l a t i n g case w i t h t h e i n n e r
space a i r e d b y a special v e n t i l a t o r o r a s a r e s u l t o f
exhaust gas ejection. T h e temperature o f t h e outer
s u r f a c e o f t h e case s h a l l b e i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e
s a n i t a r y n o r m s . S h a l l b e a l s o e n s u r e d access t o

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205

principal units and components for maintenance a n d

examination o f blading, compressors and combustion
chambers w i t h endoscopes.
T o c o m p l y w i t h sanitary n o r m s f o r noise level i n
t h e m a c h i n e r y space, p r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e m a d e f o r
n o i s e m u f f l i n g a t a i r i n l e t a n d gas o u t l e t o f t h e
turbine.
8.1.20 E a c h gas t u r b i n e s h a l l h a v e a f i r e e x t i n guishing system independent o f the other systems o f
t h e k i n d i n s t a l l e d i n t h e m a c h i n e r y space. W h e r e
s e v e r a l gas t u r b i n e s a r e i n s t a l l e d o n b o a r d , p r o v i s i o n
shall be made for the transfer o f the fire-extinguishing
m e d i u m f r o m t h e f i r e - e x t i n g u i s h i n g s y s t e m o f o n e gas
turbine t o those o f t h e others. T h e a m o u n t o f firee x t i n g u i s h i n g m e d i u m i n t h e f i r e - e x t i n g u i s h i n g syst e m shall be determined o n t h e assumption o f t h e
i n n e r v o l u m e o f e a c h gas t u r b i n e a n d t h e w a s t e - h e a t
b o i l e r i n s t a l l e d t h e r e a f t e r ( i f a n y ) b e i n g f i l l e d . T h e gas
turbine shall be equipped w i t h t w o detectors p e r t i nent t o the fire-extinguishing system, o n e f o r
the temperature o f the environment beneath the
n o i s e - a n d w a r m t h - i n s u l a t i n g case a n d t h e o t h e r
f o r t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f e x h a u s t gases b e h i n d t h e
turbine.
8.1.21 F u e l a n d l u b r i c a t i n g o i l p i p i n g s h a l l b e so
a r r a n g e d o r e q u i p p e d t h a t i n case o f t h e i r r u p t u r e t h e
leakage c o u l d n o t g e t o n t h e h o t surfaces o f t h e gas
turbine.
8.1.22 T h e spares a v a i l a b l e o n b o a r d s h a l l b e i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f T a b l e 10.2.8,
P a r t V I I " M a c h i n e r y I n s t a l l a t i o n s " . T h e gas t u r b i n e
m a n u f a c t u r e r i s e n t i t l e d t o f u r n i s h h i s o w n lists o f
spare parts proceeding f r o m t h e o p e r a t i o n record o f
the particular type o f unit.
8.1.23 W h e r e t h e t u r b i n e s a r e c o n v e r t e d f o r
m a r i n e service, c h e c k s o n service l i f e s h a l l b e c a r r i e d
o u t o n agreement w i t h t h e Register.

8.2 G A S T U R B I N E

ROTORS

8.2.1 T h e s t r e n g t h a n a l y s i s o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e
r o t o r s shall be p e r f o r m e d f o r t h e rated o u t p u t
c o n d i t i o n a n d f o r c o n d i t i o n s w h e n t h e stresses c a n
reach their m a x i m u m values. T h e check calculation
o f a turbine w i t h overcapacity shall be made f o r a
r o t a t i o n a l speed b y 2 0 p e r c e n t h i g h e r t h a n t h e
n o m i n a l o n e , a n d f o r t h e other rotors, the check
c a l c u l a t i o n s h a l l b e m a d e f o r a r o t a t i o n a l speed
e x c e e d i n g t h e n o m i n a l speed b y 1 0 p e r c e n t .
8.2.2 F o r t h e r o t a t i n g p a r t s o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e , t h e
enlarged torque shall be analysed corresponding t o
the turbine operation a t a n ambient a i r temperature
r e d u c e d b y 2 0 C l o w e r as c o m p a r e d t o t h e d e s i g n
temperature.

8.2.3 T h e s t r e n g t h c a l c u l a t i o n o f r o t a t i n g p a r t s o f
the astern gas turbines shall be p e r f o r m e d t o t h e
m a x i m u m torque corresponding t o t h e crush stop
f r o m full ahead t o full astern a t the m a x i m u m
capacity o u t p u t o f the astern turbine.
8.2.4 T h e s t r e n g t h c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e u n i t s
t r a n s m i t t i n g p o w e r f r o m t h e gas t u r b i n e t o t h e
electric generator drives shall be m a d e o n t h e basis
o f torque corresponding t o the short-circuit condit i o n , unless special sliding couplings a r e used i n t h e
"engine-generator" system.
8.2.5 T h e c r i t i c a l r o t o r speed s h a l l b e d e t e r m i n e d
w i t h regard t o brackets a n d shall meet the requirem e n t s o f 3.2.2. F o r o v e r h a n g i n g r o t o r s , precession
calculation a n d additional loads f r o m the gyroscopic
m o m e n t shall be carried out.
8.2.6 T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.2.3 t o 3.2.5 s h a l l b e
also c o m p l i e d w i t h .
8.2.7 T h e d y n a m i c stresses i n t h e b l a d e s o f
compressors operating i n the corrosive m e d i u m shall
be e x p e r i m e n t a l l y d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r
t h r o u g h o u t o p e r a t i n g ranges, i n c l u d i n g starting
r a n g e s , a n d t h e b l a d i n g s h a l l b e s o set t h a t d a n g e r o u s
vibrations d o n o t occur. T h e factor o f fatigue
s t r e n g t h o f t h e b l a d e s s h a l l n o t b e less t h a n 3 f o r
t h e o p e r a t i n g r a n g e s o r less t h a n 2 , 5 f o r t r a n s i e n t
r a n g e s . T h i s r e q u i r e m e n t m a y b e w a i v e d , i f t h e gas
t u r b i n e m a n u f a c t u r e r supplies data o n t h e reliability
o f the compressor blades i n a corrosive m e d i u m w i t h
l o w e r fatigue safety factors.

8.3 G A S T U R B I N E

CASINGS

8.3.1 S p e c i a l s i g h t h o l e s f o r i n s p e c t i o n o f t h e
b l a d i n g s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d i n t h e c a s i n g s o f gas
t u r b i n e s a n d c o m p r e s s o r s , a n d t h e gas t u r b i n e s s h a l l
be e q u i p p e d w i t h s p e c i a l i n s t r u m e n t s f o r i n s p e c t i o n
(endoscopes).
8.3.2 W h e r e sleeve b e a r i n g s a r e a p p l i e d i n t h e gas
turbine, i t s casing shall be i n accordance w i t h t h e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.3.7.
8.3.3 W h e n t h e i n t e r n a l l a g g i n g o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e
casing is applied, i t shall be safely fastened a n d
covered w i t h a sheath i n order t o prevent local
stripping o f t h e casing surface a n d t h e contacts
between the lagging a n d the blading.
8.3.4 T h e o i l seal d e s i g n s h a l l b e s u c h as t o
prevent the lubricating o i l a n d o i l vapours f r o m
entering into the blading o f the turbines a n d
compressors, a n d t h e b l o w - o u t o f o i l a n d vapours
outside.
8.3.5 E a c h g a s t u r b i n e s h a l l h a v e d r a i n h o l e s i n
the l o w e r p o i n t o f the casing, w h i c h shall have spouts
connected t o leakage collecting tanks v i a open

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f u n n e l s so t h e t u r b i n e w o u l d n o t be f l o o d e d i n case o f
the leakage collecting t a n k overfilling.
8.3.6 T h e c a s i n g s s h a l l e n s u r e i m p e n e t r a b i l i t y f o r
t h e case o f r o t o r b l a d e b r e a k .

8.6 H E A T

EXCHANGERS

8.6.1 T h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f d e t e c t i o n o f l e a k a g e s a n d
the location o f the damaged m e m b e r by means o f a
p r e s s u r e test s h a l l be p r o v i d e d i n t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s
o f t h e gas t u r b i n e s ( r e g e n e r a t o r s a n d gas c o o l e r s ) .
T h e regenerators s h a l l be tested f o r tightness
8.4 G A S T U R B I N E B E A R I N G S
b o t h o n t h e g a s a n d t h e a i r side. T h e m e t h o d a n d
procedure f o r detecting t h e leakages a n d damaged
8.4.1 T h e sleeve b e a r i n g s o f t h e gas t u r b i n e s s h a l l c o m p o n e n t s , as w e l l a s d i s c o n n e c t i o n t h e r e o f s h a l l be
set f o r t h i n s p e c i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s .
c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3.4.
8.4.2 F o r m a r i n e gas t u r b i n e s i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t y p e ,
8.6.2 D a n g e r o u s r e s o n a n c e v i b r a t i o n s a n d selfroller bearings m a y be used.
excited vibrations o f the heat exchanger components
8.4.3 E a c h l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s p o u t o f t h e gas t u r b i n e s h a l l b e e x c l u d e d .
supports shall be equipped w i t h alarms f o r t h e
8.6.3 T h e r e g e n e r a t o r s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h a
presence o f chips a n d w i t h l u b r i c a t i n g o i l t e m p e r a t u r e fire e x t i n g u i s h i n g system i n c o mp l i a n c e w i t h t h e
sensors.
requirements o f i t e m 11 o f Table 3.1.2.1, Part V I
8.4.4 T h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f i n n e r b e a r i n g s f o r t h r e e - " F i r e P r o t e c t i o n " .
b e a r i n g s h a f t s s h a l l be s u b j e c t t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e
8.6.4 T h e a i r c o o l e r s o f t h e g a s t u r b i n e s s h a l l
R e g i s t e r i n e a c h case.
c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 1.5.6.
8.4.5 I n a n y case, t h e g a s t u r b i n e s t o p s h a l l n o t
8.6.5 T h e a i r c o o l e r s s h a l l p r o v i d e f o r t h e
damage the bearings. T o this end, p r o v i s i o n shall be possibility o f the inspection a n d cleaning o f the tube
m a d e f o r l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s u p p l y i n case o f t h e t u r b i n e p l a t e s a n d m u f f l i n g w i t h o u t r e m o v i n g t h e c o v e r s .
stop and f o r a u t o m a t i c activation o f the r o t o r t u r n i n g
8.6.6 T h e a i r c o o l e r s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
system.
arrangements f o rcontinuous removal o f moisture
f a l l i n g o u t o f t h e a i r d u r i n g t h e gas t u r b i n e o p e r a t i o n .
8.6.7 Besides, t h e h e a t e x c h a n g e r s s h a l l b e i n
a
c
c
o
rdance w i t h t h e requirements o f Sections 1, 2
8.5 C O M B U S T I O N C H A M B E R S
a n d 6, P a r t X " B o i l e r s , H e a t E x c h a n g e r s a n d
P r e s s u r e V e s s e l s " e x c e p t f o r 6 . 3 . 1 t o 6.3.4, 6.3.6.
8.5.1 T h e a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m ber design o f t h e gas turbines shall p r o v i d e t h e
convenience o f servicing a n d t h e possibility o f
8.7 C O N T R O L , P R O T E C T I O N A N D R E G U L A T I O N
r e p l a c e m e n t o f b u r n e r s a n d f l a m e t u b e s a t sea. T h e
b u r n e r s s h a l l b e i n t e r - c h a n g e a b l e w i t h o u t t h e necessity o f a substantial adjustment o f the fuel o i l supply
8.7.1 T h e m a i n gas t u r b i n e s h a l l be p r o v i d e d w i t h
system.
the a u t o m a t i c r e g u l a t i o n a n d r e m o t e c o n t r o l systems
8.5.2 T h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f i n s p e c t i o n s h a l l b e e n s u r i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g :
p r o v i d e d f o r t h e f l a m e tubes o f t h e c o m b u s t i o n
.1 s e t t i n g t h e n e c e s s a r y r a t e s a n d s t e a d y m a i n chambers w i t h endoscopes w i t h o u t disassembling.
taining thereof t h r o u g h o u t t h e w h o l e range
8.5.3 T h e e n t e r i n g o f t h e f u e l i n t o t h e c o m b u s t i o n o f o p e r a t i n g speeds s o t h a t t h e r m a l s h o c k s a r e
c h a m b e r s o f t h e gas t u r b i n e , w h i l e t h e e n g i n e is o u t o f a v o i d e d ;
action, shall be excluded.
.2 s t a r t i n g a n d s t o p p i n g u n d e r a n y o p e r a t i n g
8.5.4 H i g h - p r e s s u r e f u e l o i l p i p i n g a n d m a i n c o n d i t i o n s ;
burners shall be made clean o f fuel after the turb ine
.3 m a i n t a i n i n g o f s t e a d y o p e r a t i o n o f t h e
or burner shutdown.
compressors a n d c o m b u s t i o n chambers under a n y
S t a r t i n g f u e l o i l p i p i n g a n d s t a r t i n g b u r n e r s s h a l l t r a n s i e n t service c o n d i t i o n s a n d u n d e r l o a d ;
be m a d e c l e a n o f f u e l a f t e r t h e e n d o f t h e s t a r t i n g
.4 p r e v e n t i n g a s u d d e n i n c r e a s e o f gas t e m p e r a condition.
ture;
M a k i n g clean o f fuel shall be achieved b y
.5 u n i f i e d c o n t r o l o f t h e gas t u r b i n e a n d p r o p e l l e r
a u t o m a t i c o p e n i n g o f discharge valves o n the r e l e v a n t b y t h e single lever o r h a n d w h e e l , preserving t h e
pipe.
possibility o f separate c o n t r o l ;
8.5.5 T h e gas t u r b i n e s h a l l b e e q u i p p e d w i t h t w o
.6 r e s t r i c t i o n o f t o r q u e a t t h e p o w e r t a k e - o f f
i g n i t e r s a t least.
shaft, w h e r e necessary;

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207

.7 p u r g i n g t h e c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r s o f t u r b i n e s
a n d t h e offtake pipe f r o m liquid o r gaseous fuel o i l
accumulated there before ignition a t start o r after
unsuccessful start (refer t o 8.1.17).
T h e s t a r t i n g devices s h a l l b e d e s i g n e d s o t h a t t h e
i g n i t i o n process stops a n d t h e m a i n fuel valve is
closed a t t h e i g n i t i o n failure, p r o t e c t i o n being
activated o r gas t u r b i n e stop.
8.7.2 E a c h p o w e r t u r b i n e s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d w i t h
a n o v e r s p e e d d e v i c e ( o n r o t a t i o n speed) d i r e c t l y
connected t o t h e t u r b i n e shaft. T h e o i l s w i t c h
receiving t h e impulse f r o m the propeller directly
d r i v e n b y t h e t u r b i n e s h a f t m a y b e u s e d as a n
overspeed device, b u t i t shall operate so t h a t racing
t h e t u r b i n e a b o v e t h e specified " m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e "
speed i s n o t a l l o w e d .
T h e m a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e speed s h a l l n o t exceed
t h e r a t e d speed b y m o r e t h a n 1 5 p e r c e n t .
8.7.3 M a i n g a s t u r b i n e s t r a n s m i t t i n g p o w e r
d i r e c t l y t o t h e p r o p e l l e r s h a l l h a v e a speed g o v e r n o r
besides t h e o v e r s p e e d d e v i c e , w h i c h s h a l l l i m i t t h e
speed o f t h e p o w e r t u r b i n e i n case o f l o a d f l u c t u a t i o n s before t h e overspeed device is actuated.
T h e speed g o v e r n o r s h a l l b e s o a d j u s t e d t h a t t h e
p o w e r t u r b i n e r o t a t i o n speed w o u l d n o t exceed t h e
r a t e d r o t a t i o n speed b y m o r e t h a n 8 p e r c e n t .
I f fuel supply is reduced b y the governor,
stopping o f the gas t u r b i n e is n o t p e r m i t t e d .
G e n e r a t o r - d r i v i n g gas turbines shall h a v e t h e i r
speed g o v e r n o r s i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f 2.11.3 t o 2.11.5.
8.7.4 T h e m a i n gas t u r b i n e s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e
standby "crush stop" condition ready for immediate
use f o r a t l e a s t 6 0 m i n e n s u r i n g b e g i n n i n g o f s h i p ' s
m o v e m e n t i m m e d i a t e l y after receiving the c o m m a n d .
I n a " c r u s h s t o p " c o n d i t i o n t h e speed o f t h e p r o p e l l e r
s h a f t s h a l l n o t exceed 3 m i n .
U n l i m i t e d readiness o f t h e gas t u r b i n e f o r
i m m e d i a t e u s e f o r a t least 2 0 m i n s h a l l e n s u r e w i t h i n
t h i s p e r i o d t h e p o s s i b i l i t y f o r h e a t i n g o f t h e gas
t u r b i n e , i t s s t a r t i n g , as w e l l as b e g i n n i n g o f s h i p ' s
movement.
8.7.5 T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 2 . 4 , P a r t X V " A u t o m a t i o n " shall be met.
8.7.6 M a i n a n d a u x i l i a r y g a s t u r b i n e s s h a l l b e
fitted w i t h a n arrangement f o r emergency stopping
u n d e r a n y o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s b y a t least t w o
independent means.
W h e n operating f r o m t h e bridge c o n t r o l a t the
wheelhouse, p r o v i s i o n shall be made f o r a n emergency stopping o f t h e gas t u r b i n e f r o m t h e c o n t r o l
s t a t i o n i n t h e e n g i n e r o o m i n close p r o x i m i t y t o t h e
turbine.
8.7.7 T h e m a n o e u v r i n g a r r a n g e m e n t o f t h e g a s
turbine installation w i t h a n astern turbine shall
c o m p l y w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 3 . 6 . 1 a n d 3.6.2.
- 1

T h e m a n o e u v r i n g ahead a n d astern valves shall be

interlocked. Irrespective o f the position o f manoeuvri n g valves, t h e o p e r a t i o n o f the gas t u r b i n e compressors s h a l l be sufficiently stable.
T h e gas t u r b i n e i n s t a l l a t i o n shall be p r o v i d e d
w i t h a local c o n t r o l station for the astern turbine.
8.7.8 I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e o v e r s p e e d d e v i c e o p e r a t i o n , t h e gas t u r b i n e p r o t e c t i o n system shall p r o v i d e
f u l l i n t e r r u p t i o n o f f u e l s u p p l y i n case o f a l a r m f o r
the following parameters:
.1 l u b r i c a t i n g o i l p r e s s u r e d r o p i n t h e s y s t e m
b e l o w t h e permissible level;
.2 g a s t e m p e r a t u r e rise a b o v e t h e p e r m i s s i b l e l e v e l
before o r after t h e turbine;
.3 l i m i t l e v e l o f v i b r a t i o n ;
.4 f l a m e - o u t ;
.5 excess o f r e v o l u t i o n s o f a l o w p r e s s u r e
compressor exceeding permissible value ( f o r threes h a f t gas t u r b i n e s w i t h a f r e e - p r o p e l l e r t u r b i n e a n d
gas r e v e r s e ) ;
.6 l i m i t i n g a x i a l r o t o r s h i f t ;
.7 d a n g e r o u s a i r p o l l u t i o n o f t h e m a c h i n e r y a n d
boiler r o o m , i f gas-operated.
I n case o f e m e r g e n c y , t h e p r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e
made f o r the m a n u a l interruption o f fuel supply
f r o m the local control station i n the vicinity o f the
gas t u r b i n e .
P r o c e e d i n g f r o m t h e gas t u r b i n e d e s i g n , t h e
m a n u f a c t u r e r m a y i n t r o d u c e a d d i t i o n a l types o f
protection.
8.7.9 A u t o m a t e d m a i n g a s t u r b i n e s s h a l l c o m p l y
w i t h the requirements o f Part X V " A u t o m a t i o n " .
8.7.10 T h e g a s t u r b i n e c o n t r o l s y s t e m s h a l l a l s o
c o m p l y w i t h t h e requirements o f 2.5, 3.1 t o 3.3,
Part V I I "Machinery Installations".
8.7.11 T h e w o r k i n g m e d i u m o f t h e c o n t r o l s y s t e m
shall n o t become viscous a t l o w temperatures o r be
readily flammable.
T h e filter a n d heat exchanger system shall
p r o v i d e t h e necessary t e m p e r a t u r e a n d p u r i t y o f t h e
working medium.
8.7.12 F o r m a i n gas t u r b i n e s , p r o v i s i o n s h a l l b e
made f o r m o n i t o r i n g t h e readings o f permanent
tacho-meters.
8.7.13 T h e c o n t r o l s y s t e m s o f g a s t u r b i n e s
intended for d r i v i n g generators shall be i n compliance
w i t h t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 2.11.3 t o 2.11.7.

8.8 I N S T R U M E N T A T I O N

8.8.1 T h e c o n t r o l s t a t i o n o f t h e m a i n gas t u r b i n e
shall be p r o v i d e d w i t h i n s t r u m e n t s f o r m e a s u r i n g
p a r a m e t e r s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h 8.7.9, w i t h devices
specified i n 3 . 7 . 2 . 2 t o 3 . 7 . 2 . 4 , as w e l l as i n s t r u m e n t s

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Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

to carry o u t t h e r m a l check o f t h e gas t u r b i n e

operation.
8.8.2 T h e c o n t r o l s t a t i o n s o f t h e a u x i l i a r y g a s
turbines shall be provided w i t h instruments t o
measure the following parameters:
.1 r o t o r r o t a t i o n speed;
.2 l u b r i c a t i n g o i l p r e s s u r e a t t h e gas t u r b i n e i n l e t ;
.3 f u e l o i l p r e s s u r e a t t h e gas t u r b i n e i n l e t ;
.4 l u b r i c a t i n g o i l t e m p e r a t u r e a t t h e g a s t u r b i n e
inlet;
.5 g a s t e m p e r a t u r e a t t u r b i n e i n l e t o r o u t l e t .
8.8.3 W h e r e t h e m a i n gas t u r b i n e i s p r o v i d e d w i t h
a system f o r m o n i t o r i n g a n d preventive diagnostics,
the n u m b e r o f parameters t o be covered b y such a
system shall be subject f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e
R e g i s t e r i n e a c h case f o r e a c h gas t u r b i n e t y p e .

8.9 W A S T E - H E A T C I R C U I T O F G A S T U R B I N E

8.9.1 W h e r e t h e g a s t u r b i n e u n i t s a r e p r o v i d e d
w i t h waste-heat circuits, t h e steam turbine shall be i n
compliance w i t h t h e requirements o f Section 3 o f the
present P a r t a n d t h e waster heat boiler shall c o m p l y
w i t h the requirements o f Part X "Boilers, Heat
Exchangers a n d Pressure Vessels".
8.9.2 T h e w a s t e r - h e a t c i r c u i t s s h a l l b e p r o v i d e d
w i t h systems t o ensure evacuation i n condensers
before o r d u r i n g t h e gas t u r b i n e start.
Condensers shall be provided w i t h protection
against pressure rising above permissible values.
8.9.3 A t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e r o t o r r o t a t i o n ,
p r o v i s i o n shall be m a d e f o r a n a u t o m a t i c disconnect i o n o f the shaft-turning gear o f the steam turbine.
8.9.4 I n case t w o g a s t u r b i n e s w i t h w a s t e heat circuits a r e installed i n a twin-shaft ship,
an o p e r a t i n g m o d e is p e r m i t t e d w i t h t h e shaft
o n o n e side b e i n g d r i v e n b y t h e g a s t u r b i n e a n d t h e
s h a f t o n t h e o t h e r side b e i n g d r i v e n b y t h e s t e a m
turbine.
I n t h i s case, q u i c k d i s c o n n e c t i n g c l u t c h e s s h a l l b e
used, w h i c h serviceability shall be tested b y t h e
special p r o g r a m a p p r o v e d b y t h e Register.
8.9.5 S t e a m t u r b i n e p l a n t s w o r k i n g o n w a s t e
steam shall comply w i t h t h e requirements o f
Sections 17 t o 19, P a r t V I I I "Systems a n d P i p i n g " .

8.10 N A T U R A L G A S F I R E D

TURBINES

8.10.1 R e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e C h a p t e r c o v e r t h e gas
turbines installed o n b o a r d gas carriers a n d u s i n g t h e
v a p o u r s o f the n a t u r a l gas ( m e t h a n e ) carried as fuel.
F o r this purpose, t h e gas carrier shall be p r o v i d e d
w i t h a n i n s t a l l a t i o n t o prepare t h e gas v a p o u r s f o r
u s i n g i n t h e gas t u r b i n e .
8.10.2 N a t u r a l g a s f i r e d t u r b i n e s a r e subj ect t o
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 8.1 t o 8 . 9 .
8.10.3 N a t u r a l g a s i s u s e d t o s t a r t t h e t u r b i n e a n d
operate i t i n a l l modes.
8.10.4 T h e g a s f u e l s u p p l i e d t o t h e t u r b i n e s h a l l
not include a n y liquid fraction.
8.10.5 G a s f u e l s u p p l y p i p i n g s h a l l c o m p l y w i t h
the requirements o f 13.12, P a r t V I I I "Systems a n d
Piping".
8.10.6 F o r g a s - f i r e d o p e r a t i o n , t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f 2.4, P a r t X V " A u t o m a t i o n " shall be met.
8.10.7 I n case o f s t o p o f g a s f u e l s u p p l y , t h e g a s
turbine shall be shut d o w n a u t o m a t i c a l l y b y means o f
a q u i c k s h u t - o f f v a l v e f i t t e d as n e a r t o t h e g a s t u r b i n e
as p o s s i b l e .
8.10.8 A m a n u a l gas f u e l s h u t - o f f d e v i c e s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d directly a t t h e gas t u r b i n e . Besides, m a n u a l
s h u t d o w n shall be possible f r o m several locations i n
t h e e n g i n e r o o m , f r o m a space o t h e r t h a n t h e e n g i n e
r o o m a n d f r o m t h e n a v i g a t i o n bridge.
8.10.9 I n t h e e n g i n e r o o m , a n a l a r m s h a l l b e
p r o v i d e d f o r t h e m a x i m u m permissible gas concentration corresponding t o 3 0 p e r cent o f t h e l o w e r
flammability
limit, w i t h a n a l a r m t o be installed a t
the m a i n machinery c o n t r o l r o o m .
The gas supply t o t h e turbine shall be shut o f f
a u t o m a t i c a l l y w i t h t h e gas concentration i n t h e
m a c h i n e r y space r e a c h i n g 6 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e l o w e r
flammability
limit. T h e r e q u i r e m e n t o f 8.4.5 shall
also be met.
8.10.10 G a s t u r b i n e o p e r a t i o n u s i n g t w o t y p e s o f
fuel ( l i q u i d a n d gas fuel) requires special fuel
e q u i p m e n t t o b e i n s t a l l e d a n d s h a l l b e subj ect f o r
c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y t h e R e g i s t e r i n e a c h case.
R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r n a t u r a l g a s f i r e d t u r b i n e s , as
g i v e n i n t h e C h a p t e r , s h a l l b e m e t i n t h i s case.

Part IX. Machinery

209

9 D U A L - F U E L I N T E R N A L C O M B U S T I O N

9.1

E N G I N E S

G E N E R A L

9.1.1 T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e p r e s e n t S e c t i o n a r e
applicable t o d u a l - f u e l i n t e r n a l c o m b u s t i o n engines
(DF-engines) with ignition from compression,
o p e r a t e d o n l i q u i d f u e l a n d n a t u r a l gas ( m e t h a n e ) .
9.1.2 I n d i v i d u a l r e q u i r e m e n t s r e l e v a n t t o t h e
application o f the D F - e n g i n e s are given i n 4.2.10,
P a r t V I I " M a c h i n e r y I n s t a l l a t i o n s " a n d i n 5.5.1 o f
the present Part.

a u t o m a t i c a d m i s s i o n o f i n e r t gas is r e c o m m e n d e d f o r
installation;
.3 m o u n t i n g o f o i l m i s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s e n s o r i n
t h e c r a n k c a s e s h a l l be p r o v i d e d .
9.3.3 W h e n a c r o s s - h e a d t y p e e n g i n e is u s e d
as t h e D F - e n g i n e , t h e e n g i n e c r a n k c a s e s h a l l
be e q u i p p e d w i t h o i l m i s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s e n s o r
o r t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l system o f the engine bearings.

9.2 C O N D I T I O N S O F O P E R A T I O N O N T W O K I N D S O F F U E L

9.4 P R O T E C T I O N O F S U B - B E A R I N G S P A C E S
OF T H E CROSS-HEAD T Y P E DF-ENGINES

9.2.1 W h e n o p e r a t e d o n t w o k i n d s o f f u e l
D F - e n g i n e s s h a l l be e q u i p p e d w i t h t h e a r r a n g e m e n t
f o r s u p p l y o f s t a r t i n g f u e l w i t h f u r t h e r s u p p l y o f gas
f u e l . T h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f q u i c k c h a n g e - o v e r f r o m gas
f u e l t o l i q u i d f u e l s h a l l be p r o v i d e d .
S t a r t i n g f u e l s h a l l be s u p p l i e d t o e a c h c y l i n d e r i n
all operation modes o f the DF-engines.
9.2.2 S t a r t o f D F - e n g i n e s , a s t e r n o p e r a t i o n s h a l l
be c a r r i e d o u t o n l i q u i d f u e l o n l y .
9.2.3 W h e n D F - e n g i n e is r u n o n v a r i a b l e m o d e s ,
ships m a n e u v e r i n g , m o o r i n g o p e r a t i o n s , o n l y l i q u i d
f u e l s h a l l be u s e d .
9.2.4 I n case o f u n e x p e c t e d gas f u e l c u t o f f
D F - e n g i n e shall continue operation o n liquid fuel
w i t h o u t stop.
9.2.5 D F - e n g i n e s s h a l l be p r o v i d e d w i t h sensors
f o r b l o c k i n g s i m u l t a n e o u s f e e d o f gas f u e l a n d
complete supply o f liquid fuel.

9.4.1 S u b - b e a r i n g spaces s h a l l be p r o v i d e d w i t h
gas f u e l l e a k a g e d e t e c t o r s o r a n y o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t
devices.

9.5 I N T A K E A N D E X H A U S T G A S S Y S T E M S

9.5.1 I n t a k e p i p i n g a n d s u p e r c h a r g i n g a i r r e c e i v e r s as w e l l as e x h a u s t gas c o l l e c t o r s s h a l l be f i t t e d
w i t h s a f e t y v a l v e s o r o t h e r p r o t e c t i v e devices.
9.5.2 E x h a u s t gas p i p e l i n e s f r o m D F - e n g i n e s
s h a l l n o t be c o m b i n e d w i t h e x h a u s t gas p i p i n g f r o m
o t h e r engines, boilers o r incinerators.
9.5.3 T h e e x h a u s t gas p i p i n g s h a l l be p r o v i d e d
w i t h effective m e a n s o f b l o w i n g off.

9.6 S T A R T I N G A I R P I P I N G

9.3 C R A N K C A S E

PROTECTION

9.3.1 C r a n k c a s e s o f D F - e n g i n e s s h a l l be f i t t e d w i t h
safety v a l v e s i n w a y o f e a c h c r a n k s h a f t c r a n k . D e s i g n
a n d a c t u a t i n g pressure o f t h e safety v a l v e s s h a l l be
specified w i t h d u e r e g a r d t o t h e possible e x p l o s i o n o f
gas f u e l l e a k a g e a c c u m u l a t e d i n t h e crankcase.
9.3.2 W h e n a t r u n k - p i s t o n e n g i n e is u s e d as t h e
D F - e n g i n e , t h e c r a n k c a s e s h a l l be p r o t e c t e d as
follows:
.1 t o p r e v e n t a c c u m u l a t i o n o f gas f u e l l e a k a g e ,
t h e v e n t i l a t i o n o f c r a n k c a s e s s h a l l be p r o v i d e d . A i r
p i p e e n d s s h a l l be l e d t o s a f e t y p l a c e a n d f i t t e d w i t h
flame arresters;
.2 d e t e c t o r s o f gas f u e l l e a k a g e o r a n y o t h e r
e q u i v a l e n t e q u i p m e n t s h a l l be i n s t a l l e d . D e v i c e f o r

9.6.1 B r a n c h p i p e s o f s t a r t i n g a i r p i p i n g l a i d t o
e a c h c y l i n d e r s h a l l be e q u i p p e d i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h
the requirements o f 2.9.2.

9.7 C O M B U S T I O N

CONTROL

9.7.1 T h e r a n g e o f c o m b u s t i o n c o n t r o l s h a l l be
determined a n d presented f o r a p p r o v a l w i t h due
regard t o the analysis o f the origin o f failures and
their consequences f o r a l l the elements o f D F - e n g i n e s
affecting the c o m b u s t i o n process.
T h e m i n i m u m range o f c o n t r o l , types o f a u t o m a t i c p r o t e c t i o n a n d parameter l i m i t values are given
in Table 9.7.1.

210

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships

T a b l e 9.7.1
No.

2
3
4

Controlled parameter or
DF-engine component

Measurement point
or monitoring conditions

Gas fuel injection valves a n d E a c h cylinder

starting oil fuel injectors
A t each cylinder outlet
Deviation from average
Exhaust gas temperature
In each cylinder
Combustion pressure
Deviation from average
Gas fuel supply pressure
A t engine inlet

9.8 G A S F U E L S U P P L Y

9.8.1 A t t h e i n l e t o f gas f u e l s u p p l y c o l l e c t o r t o
the D F - e n g i n e cylinders the flame arrester shall be
fitted.
9.8.2 A n a r r a n g e m e n t f o r m a n u a l c u t - o f f t h e gas
fuel supply t o the D F - e n g i n e f r o m the local c o n t r o l
station shall be provided.
9.8.3 G a s f u e l s u p p l y p i p i n g s h a l l m e e t t h e
requirements o f 13.12, P a r t V I I I "Systems a n d
Piping".
9.8.4 T h e c o n n e c t i o n o f t h e e n g i n e gas c o l l e c t o r
w i t h t h e s h i p gas p i p i n g s h a l l p r o v i d e t h e n e c e s s a r y
flexibility.
9.8.5 T h e c o n n e c t i o n o f t h e g a s f u e l s u p p l y
c o l l e c t o r t o t h e gas f u e l i n j e c t i o n v a l v e s s h a l l p r o v i d e
complete coverage b y the p r o t e c t i o n pipes o r ducts.

Parameter limit values (alarm) A u t o m a t i c shut-off

Indication in
main machinery
or fault s y m p t o m s
of the gas fuel
control r o o m
supply valves
Seizing o f g a s fuel injection
valve in open condition
Ignition failure
max
max
max
min

Constantly

X
X
X
X

Constantly
Constantly
O n call
Constantly

9.9 G A S F U E L S U P P L Y

CUT-OFF

9.9.1 G a s f u e l s u p p l y c u t - o f f t o D F - e n g i n e s b y
m e a n s o f a u t o m a t i c c l o s i n g o f v a l v e s o n t h e engine s h a l l
be p e r f o r m e d w h e n t h e D F - e n g i n e h a s s t o p p e d d u e f o r
a n y u n k n o w n r e a s o n o r i n cases stated i n 9.3.2.2,
9.3.2.3, 9.3.3, 9 . 4 . 1 , 9.7.1 o f t h e p r e s e n t P a r t , a n d
13.12.2 o r 13.12.3, P a r t V I I I " S y s t e m s a n d P i p i n g " .
9.9.2 I t is advisable t h a t t h e m a i n c u t - o f f v a l v e f o r
gas f u e l s u p p l y t o t h e c o l l e c t o r c o u l d b e a u t o m a t i c a l l y
closed a t t h e f a i l u r e o f gas f u e l feed v a l v e s t o D F - e n g i n e
c o m b u s t i o n c h a m b e r s (refer t o 9.7.1 o f t h e p r e s e n t P a r t
a n d 13.12.6, P a r t V I I I " S y s t e m s a n d P i p i n g " ) .
9.9.3 G a s f u e l s u p p l y t o D F - e n g i n e s s h a l l b e
auto-matically terminated w h e n the concentration o f
gas i n t h e e n g i n e r o o m r e a c h e s 6 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e
l o w e r i n f l a m m a b i h t y level. T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f 9.2.4
shall be met.