MID-SEMESTER EXAMINATION

(MARCH 2012 SESSION)

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
FLL0023
LECTURER :
MATRIC NO

: .

VENUE

: .

PROGRAMME : ..

MAY 2012

DURATION : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Candidates must read all questions carefully.

2. The examination script consists of the followings:
Part
A

Types of
Questions
28 Short Answers

2 Short Answers

1 Essay

Instruction
Answer ALL
questions
Answer ALL
questions
Answer ALL
questions

Answer Sheets to be
Used
Question paper
Question paper
Answer booklet

THIS EXAMINATION SCRIPT CONTAINS 12 PAGES INCLUDING THE FRONT COVER

DO NOT OPEN THE EXAMINATION SCRIPT UNTIL FURTHER INSTRUCTION

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PART A
(40 marks)
Time: 1 hour
INSTRUCTION
This part consists of TWENTY EIGHT (28) questions Answer ALL questions in the spaces
provided.

Read the text below and answer the questions following them.
Passage 1
THE ORIGIN AND USES OF SPICES
I

In spite of their insignificantly small sizes, spices have been among the most
prized commodities ever since the days of barter trading over five centuries ago. This
is result of their numerous benefits especially as cooking condiments and as home
remedy items. Most of these valuable spices originated from various parts of Asia,
namely India and regions east of the subcontinent. Among the more common and
widely used spices are cardamom, nutmeg, pepper and star anise.

II

Cardamom, which is called the queen of spices, was originally found in

Southern India and Sri Lanka. The seed is an important condiment in curry and other
savoury dishes, sweetmeats, pastries, ice cream and puddings. Besides its culinary
value, cardamom is also known to treat stomach disorders and flatulence. In addition,
it is useful as a breath freshener and is a constituent of perfumes.

III

Indonesia produces the largest harvest of cloves, which mostly comes from
the Spice Islands in the Archipelago. The unopened flower buds are plucked and
dried in the sun over several days. It is this part of the plant which goes into the
making of gingerbread biscuit, spice bread and curry dishes. Cloves are also wellknown for their ability to relieve toothache and nausea as well as spice up the
aromatics in pot-pourris and pomanders. In addition, cloves are an important
ingredient in the manufacture of the Indonesian cigarette, the kretek.

IV

Until the eighteenth century, nutmeg trees were only grown in the Spice
Islands under stringent Dutch control. It is inside of the seed which holds
considerable commercial value as a condiment for sweet and savoury European
cuisine as well as mutton and lamb dishes in West Asian countries. In powdered
form, it is also used to flavour mashed potatoes and fruit puddings. In terms of
medicinal value, nutmeg is known to relieve bronchial disorders, rheumatism, liver
and skin ailments besides treating flatulence. Its other uses are evident in the making
of perfumes.

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If cardamom is the queen of spices, pepper is the king that hails from
Southwest India and Sarawak, Malaysia. The dried berry of the climber is famed for
enhancing the flavour of local dishes such as asam pedas, soto, curry and chicken
soup. Pepper is also an important ingredient when making steak or barbecue
marinade. It is also widely used as a treatment for flatulence and as an ingredient in
perfumes.

VI

Star anise, which probably got its name from its star-shaped appearance, was
originally grown in Southern China and Vietnam. Hence, the dried form of the fruit
features in poultry and meat stews and soups from the region. It is also used to
flavour cough mixture and to treat colic and rheumatism. In addition, it is found in
soaps and perfumes.

Study the table given below. There are some missing information in the table given.
Find the missing information and write them in the spaces given in the following
page.

Origin

1. _____________________

Spices

2. _________

Part of plant

Culinary

3. _____

Others

4. _____

Southern

Seed

Curry dishes,

Stomach

Breath

India,

6. _______

disorders,

freshener

5. _________

pastries,

flatulence

perfumes

Toothache,

9. ______

ice cream
puddings

Clove

7. _________

Unopened

8. _______

flower buds

Spice,
bread,
curry

nausea

Pomanders
10. ______

dishes

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11. _____

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Spice Islands

Seed

(Indonesia)

Sweet/
savoury
European

Bronchial

Perfumes,

disorder

shampoos,

cuisine,

13. _____

mashed

liver and

potatoes,

skin

12. _______

ailments,

mutton/ lamb

flatulence

soaps

dishes

Pepper

14. _________

15. ______

Asam pedas, 16.

and

soto, curry,

Sarawak,

chicken soup

Malaysia

steak/

17. ______

_______

barbecue
marinade

18.

Southern

19.

Poultry and

flavour for

20. ______

_______

China

_______

meet stews,

cough

perfumes

soups

mixture

Vietnam

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

(20 marks)
Passage 2
MODERNIZATION

Like poor people struggling to better their lives, agriculture-based countries

(called agrarian economics) strive to become advanced countries. Modernization is
a term used to denote this process. Basically, it is the Third World countries of Asia,
Latin America and Africa that are hoping to become rich industrialized nations like the
United States and the countries of Western Europe.

II

Modernization is not only a process but also an ideology of change i.e.

fundamentally believing in change. Changes will occur in societies, national
legislation, work structure, attitudes, mass communication, health care, business,
banking and so on myriad transformation will take place. It is the striving for the
goals of national independence, social equality and economic health.

III

Various indicators of health are used. Gross national product (GNP) per
capita is a popular tool for measuring economic progress. GNP is derived by dividing
the total value in monetary terms of all goods and services produced in a nation by
the population of the year. Thus, if the GNP goes up, it indicates that the economy
has progressed. However, it has its weaknesses, one of which is its failure to show
the inequities in a nation. The GNP is fairly reliable for countries where most of the
people have more or less the same level of income. However, a countrys rich can be
very rich and the poor close to starving, and yet its GNP can look quite respectable.

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IV

Per capita income, that is the average income per person, is usually also
taken into account, but even here like GNP, it may not show the big gap between
the rich and the poor.

If a nation wants to become a modern state, it has to industrialize. Many

farmers will have to go to work in factories before significant economic growth will
happen. Otherwise, many of them will remain trapped in a cycle of poverty. The two
best indicators of industrialization are the figures of how much energy and steel a
country consumes. High consumption of these two commodities indicates that a
country is in a high state of industrialization, such as Japan.

VI

Social development is probably the most important aspect of modernization.

After all, if the aim is to modernize, it should be for the betterment of society. Thus,
social development indicators, such as the number of doctors, teachers, books, cars
and televisions per 1 000 people, are also important.

VII

Political modernization also is essential if development is to take place. The

world has seen economics shattered by civil wars and incompetent leaders. In
todays world, many newly industrialized nations have to compete with advanced
countries, and political stability is vital for directing a nations economy to compete
globally.

VIII

Because modernization is dependent on industrialization, it is not without its

problems. Environmental pollution, the emphasis on consumption to sustain the
economy and overpopulation of cities resulting in ghettoes and slums are obvious
results of industrialization.

IX

With globalization, modernization is taking yet another stage. Supporters of

globalization say it will bring about a freer world with more openness and equality.
Detractors say it will result in advanced nations taking over the economics of the
poorer, and thus weaker, nations. Whether globalization is beneficial or not, only time
will tell.

1.

Give the meaning of the following words as used in the passage.

(a)

strive

(para I)

(b)

myriad

(para II)

(c)

monetary

(para III)

(d)

inequities

(para III)

(e)

respectable

(para III)

(f)

taken into account

(para IV)

(g)

significant

(para V)

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(h)

poverty

(para V)

(i)

emphasis

(para VIII)

(j)

detractors

(para IX)
(10 marks)

2.

What is GNP?
___
_________
(1 mark)

3.

How is GNP calculated?

___
___
(1 mark)

4.

Name THREE (3) third world countries.

I.

___

II.

___

III.

___
(3 marks)

5.

What do agrarian countries attempt to do?

___
_________
(1 mark)

6.

What must a country do in order to be a modern state?

___
_________
(1 mark)

7.

Why is social development most probably the most important aspect of

modernization?
___
___
(1 mark)

8.

Why is modernization also an ideology?

___
_________
(2 marks)

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PART B
(30 marks)
Time: 40 minutes
INSTRUCTION
This part consists of TWO (2) questions. Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1.

By using contextual clues, write down the meaning of the words in italics and state
the technique(s) used to guess the meaning of the word.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

The small boy tries to emulate his father in everything he does. He even
copies the way his father walks.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

The driver who failed to yield the right-of-way and ignored the stop sign was
charged with negligence.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

I swore not to reveal Anitas secret, but then I did divulge it to my brother.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

When I saw the doctors sombre expression, I feared that serious news
awaited me.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

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(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

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The neighbourhood is so affluent that most resident have Olympic-sized

swimming pools, tennis courts, and luxury cars.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

__________________________________________

It was hard to know what the speaker was really feeling- was his enthusiasm
feigned or genuine?
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

A sedentary lifestyle is a risk to health. Physically active people have a much

better chance of avoiding heart disease and premature death.
Definition

: __________________________________________

Technique used

: __________________________________________

The robber tried to entice my younger brother to give him the keys to our
house by promising him some chocolates.
Definition

: ___________________________________________

Technique used

: ___________________________________________

I expected truthfulness from a doctor; I was shocked by his mendacity.

Definition

: ___________________________________________

Technique used

: ___________________________________________

Since the economy is bad, we should be frugal in our spending.

Definition

:___________________________________________

Technique used

:___________________________________________

(10 marks)

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2.

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Each group of statements below includes a topic, main idea(s) and supporting
detail(s). In the space provided, label each item with one of the following:
T
MI
SD

for the topic of the paragraph

for the main idea
for the supporting details

_________
_________
_________

A.
B.
C.

_________

D.

Lack of exercise leads to older joints and muscles.

Signs of aging.
Smoking and spending a great deal of time in the sun lead to
wrinkling.
Everyday habits can produce signs of aging.

Group I

Group II
_________

A.

_________

B.

_________
_________

C.
D.

Electronic tutors, no larger or more costly than todays

calculators, will become as commonplace as the radio.
Modern technology will change the very nature of our
educational system.
Technologys effect on education.
Portable electronic libraries, half the size of an average book,
will be able to hold all the books ever printed.

Group III
_________

A.

_________
_________

B.
C.

_________

D.

Scientists used to think of the brain as the center of an

electrical communication system.
The way scientists view the brains role has changed greatly.
Today, it is known that the brain is a bag of hormones, as one
scientist puts it.
How scientists think about the role of the brain.

Group IV
_________
_________

A.
B.

_________

C.

_________

D.

Kinds of power.
Force, which the Italian statesman Machiavelli called the
method of beasts, is the use of physical coercion.
Influence, the ability to control or change the behaviour of
others, takes different forms.
Power, the ability of control or change the behaviour of others,
takes different forms.

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Group V
_________

A.

_________

B.

_________

C.

_________

D.

Benjamin Franklin discovered that lightning is an electrical

charge.
In addition to being a statesman, Franklin was a scientist and
an inventor.
Benjamin Franklins work.
Franklin invented bifocals, the Franklin stove, and an electric
storage battery.
(20 marks)

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PART C
(30 marks)
Time: 20 minutes

INSTRUCTION
This part consists of ONE (1) question. Answer ALL questions in the answer sheet provided.

1.

The graph/ chart below shows a gender-based rate of books that are borrowed
monthly by students from a local library. Write a report from this information,
selecting and reporting the main features, as well as making comparisons where
relevant.Write your report between 150-180 words.

RATE OF BOOKS BORROWED FROM A LOCAL LIBRARY: GENDER

PERSPECTIVE
90
80
NUMBER OF BOOKS

70
60
50

40

Male Students

30

Female Students

20
10

0
Fantasy

Science

History

Religion

TYPE OF BOOKS

(30 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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