SOLAR WATER PURIFICATION BY THERMAL METHODE

SYNOPSIS

There are four primary sources of energy viz. petroleum, natural gas and natural
liquids, coal and wood. Excepting wood, all the common sources have finite supplies.
The lift-time is estimated to range from 15 years for natural gas to nearly 300 year for
coal. Therefore, as these non-renewable sources are consumed, the mankind must turn its
attention to longer-term, permanent type for energy sources. The two most significant
such sources are nuclear and solar energy.
Nuclear energy requires advanced technology and costly means for its safe and
reliable utilization and may have undesirable side effects. Solar energy, on the other
hand, shows promise of becoming a dependable energy sources without new
requirements of a highly technical and specialized nature for its wide spread utilization.
In addition, there appear to be no significant polluting effects from its use.
But solar energy is very large life in exhaustible source of energy. The power
from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately 1.8 x 10 MW, which is many
thousands of items larger than the percent consumption rate on the earth of all
commercial energy sources. We can be also sized to fit the demand more accurately.
Although healing systems deal with extreme loads only a few days of the year, they will
have to be large enough to meet those extremes.

INTRODUCTION
A solar water heating system, on the other hand, will have roughly the same load
day in any day out, except in unusual applications, the design load should be close to the
normal daily load Without the problems of widely fluctuating demand.

We can be

relatively cheaper and simpler than solar building water filter. A problem common to all
types of solar heating is the variable nature of sunshine.

However often have an

additional advantage over solar space heating systems because the requirements for hot
water are less rigid than those for space heating.
There are however, several aspects of solar water heating that make it potentially
hotter investment of energy money and effort than solar building heating. For one thing,
the demand for hot water is relatively constant throughout the year. Thus the collector
and the other parts of the will be working harder and longer to produce the savings I fuel
that eventually must pay for the higher initial cost of the system.
The basic elements of a solar water heater are:

i.

Flat plate collector

ii.

Storage tank.

iii.

Circulation system

FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR:

The plate collector consists
1. Aluminium body
2. Glass wool insulation
3. Aluminium foil

4. Copper fins
5. Block chroms sheet and
6. Tuffen glass
The aluminium body over the insulation and collective unit the glass wool
insulation is placed on the bottom of aluminium body. The aluminium foil is placed on
the insulation to reflect the solar radiation. The copper fins are used to circulate the water.
They are welded with upper and lower header tubes. The block chrome sheets
cover the copper fins. They are used to absorb the solar radiation. The copper fins with
block chrome sheet is called collective unit. The tuffen glass is used to transfer the solar
energy to collective unit. Hence it is called as transparent cover. It covers the aluminium
body.
STORAGE TANK:
It consists of
1. Inner copper tank
2. Insulation
3. Outer M S tank

The inner copper tank is used to store the hot water. The storage capacity of the tank
is 60 lit.
The insulation is made of glass wool. It is used to control the heat conduction.
The outer tank is made of aluminium. It is used to cover the storage tank.

CIRCULATION SYSTEM:
It consists of
1. Cold water inlet
2. Cold water outlet
3. Hot water inlet
4. Hot water outlet
5. Header tubes

Cold water inlet connects the cold water tanks with storage tank with collector. It
is of 1 dia. It is made of G I.

TYPES OF SOLAR WATER HEATERS

There are five types of solar water heaters are commonly used.
a. Block rubber hose as solar water heaters.
b. Shallow through of water
c. Japanese style plastic water bags
d. Trough type solar water heaters
e. Japanese pipe solar water heaters