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1-2 Skills Practice

Order of Operations
Evaluate each expression.

4. 33

3.

2.

1.

5. (5 + 4) 7

6. (9 2) 3

7. 4 + 6 3

8. 12 + 2 2

9. (3 + 5) 5 + 1

10. 9 + 4(3 + 1)

11. 30 5 4 + 2

12. 10 + 2 6 + 4

13. 14 7 5 32

14. 4[30 (10 2) 3]

15. 5 + [30 (6 1)2]

16. 2[12 +

(5 2)2 ]

Evaluate each expression if x = 6, y = 8, and z = 3.

17. xy + z

18. yz x

19. 2x + 3y z

20. 2(x + z) y

21. 5z + (y x)

22. 5x (y + 2z)

23.

x2 +

25.

y + xz
2

Chapter 2

y 2 10z

z3 + (

24.

26.

y 2 4x)

3 y + x2
z

23

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1-4 Study Guide and Intervention

The Distributive Property
Evaluate Expressions The Distributive Property can be used to help evaluate expressions.
For any numbers a, b, and c, a(b + c) = ab + ac and (b + c)a = ba + ca and a(b c) = ab
ac and (b c)a = ba ca.

Distributive Property

Example 1: Use the Distributive Property to rewrite 6(8 + 10). Then evaluate.
6(8 + 10) = 6 8 + 6 10

Distributive Property

= 48 + 60

Multiply.

= 108

Add.

Example 2: Use the Distributive Property to rewrite 2(3 x 2 + 5x + 1). Then simplify.
2(3 x 2

+ 5x + 1) = 2(3 x 2 ) + (2)(5x) + (2)(1)

= 6 x 2
= 6 x

Distributive Property

+ (10x) + (2)

Multiply.

10x 2

Simplify.

Exercises
Use the Distributive Property to rewrite each expression. Then evaluate.

1
2

1. 20(31)

2. 12 4

4. 5(4x 9)

5. 3(8 2x)

7. 12

(2+ 12 x)

10. 2(3x + 2y z)

13.

1
(16x 12y + 4z)
4

Chapter 2

8.

3. 5(311)

6. 12

1
(12 4t)
4

9. 3(2x y)

11. (x 2)y

14. (2 3x +

(6 12 x)

12. 2(3a 2b + c)

x 2 )3

23

15. 2(2 x 2

+ 3x + 1)

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1-4 Study Guide and Intervention

(continued)

The Distributive Property

Simplify Expressions A term is a number, a variable, or a product or quotient of numbers and variables. Like terms
are terms that contain the same variables, with corresponding variables having the same powers. The Distributive Property
and properties of equalities can be used to simplify expressions. An expression is in simplest form if it is replaced by an
equivalent expression with no like terms or parentheses.

Example : Simplify 4( a2 + 3ab) ab.

4( a2

+ 3ab) ab = 4( a2

+ 3ab) 1ab

+ 12ab 1ab

=4 a

+ (12 1)ab

= 4 a2

+ 11ab

=4 a

Multiplicative Identity
Distributive Property
Distributive Property
Substitution

Exercises
Simplify each expression. If not possible, write simplified.
1. 12a a

2. 3x + 6x

4. 20a + 12a 8

5. 3 x 2

7. 2p +

10. 4x +

1
q
2

1
(16x 20y)
4

3. 3x 1

+ 2 x2

6. 6x + 3 x 2 + 10 x 2

8. 10xy 4(xy + xy)

11. 2 1 6x +

9. 21a + 18a + 31b 3b

x2

12. 4 x 2 + 3 x 2

+ 2x

Write an algebraic expression for each verbal expression. Then simplify, indicating the properties used.
13. six times the difference of 2a and b, increased by 4b

14. two times the sum of x squared and y squared, increased by three times the sum of x squared and y squared
Chapter 2

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2-6 Skills Practice

Ratios and Proportions
Determine whether each pair of ratios are equivalent ratios. Write yes or no.
1.

4
,
5

20
25

2.

5
,
9

7
11

3.

6
,
7

24
28

4.

8
,
9

72
81

5.

7
,
16

42
90

6.

13
,
19

26
38

7.

3
,
14

21
98

8.

12
,
17

50
85

Solve each proportion. If necessary, round to the nearest hundredth.

9.

1
a

2
14

10.

5
b

3
9

11.

9
g

15
10

12.

3
a

1
6

13.

6
z

3
5

14.

5
f

35
21

15.

12
7

36
m

16.

6
23

17.

42
56

6
f

18.

7
b

19.

10
14

30
m

20.

11
15

n
60

21.

9
c

22.

5
12

20
g

Chapter 2

27
39

23

y
69
1
9

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23.

4
21

y
84

22
x

24.

11
30

25. BOATING Hues boat used 5 gallons of gasoline in 4 hours. At this rate, how many gallons of gasoline will the boat
use in 10 hours?

2-2 Skills Practice

Solving One-Step Equations
Solve each equation. Check your solution.
1. y 7 = 8

2. w + 14 = 8

3. p 4 = 6

4. 13 = 5 + x

5. 98 = b + 34

6. y 32 = 1

7. n + (28) = 0

8. y + (10) = 6

9. 1 = t + (19)

10. j (17) = 36

11. 14 = d + (10)

12. u + (5) = 15

13. 11 = 16 + y

14. c (3) = 100

15. 47 = w (8)

16. x (74) = 22

17. 4 (h) = 68

18. 56 = 20 (j)

19. 12z = 108

20. 7t = 49

21. 18f = 216

22. 22 = 11v

23. 6d = 42

24. 96 = 24a

25.

c
4

27. 84 =
Chapter 2

= 16

d
3

26.

a
16

=9

28.

23

d
7

= 13
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29.

t
4

= 13

2
z
3

31. 6 =

33.

30. 31 =

32.

5
p = 10
9

1
n
6

2
q = 4
7
34.

a
10

2
5

2-4 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving Equations with the Variable on Each Side
Variables on Each Side To solve an equation with the same variable on each side, first use the Addition or the
Subtraction Property of Equality to write an equivalent equation that has the variable on just one side of the equation.
Then solve the equation.
Example 2: Solve 11 3y = 8y + 1.

Example 1: Solve 5y 8 = 3y + 12.

5y 8 = 3y + 12

11 3y = 8y + 1

5y 8 3y = 3y + 12 3y

11 3y + 3y = 8y + 1 + 3y

2y 8 = 12

11 = 11y + 1

2y 8 + 8 = 12 + 8

11 1 = 11y + 1 1
12 = 11y

2y = 20

2y
2

12
11 y
=
11
11
1
1
=y
11
1
The solution is 1
11

20
2

y = 10
The solution is 10.

Chapter 2

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Exercises
Solve each equation. Check your solution.
1. 6 b = 5b + 30

2. 5y 2y = 3y + 2

3. 5x + 2 = 2x 10

4. 4n 8 = 3n + 2

5. 1.2x + 4.3 = 2.1 x

6. 4.4m + 6.2 = 8.8m 1.8

7.

1
2

1
8

b+4=

b + 88

8.

3
4

k5=

1
4

k1

9. 8 5p = 4p 1

10. 4b 8 = 10 2b

11. 0.2x 8 = 2 x

12. 3y 1.8 = 3y 1.8

13. 4 3x = 7x 6

14. 8 + 4k = 10 + k

15. 20 a = 10a 2

16.

2
3

1
2

n+8=

n+2

19. 4 3x = 6x 6

17.

2
5

y8=9

3
5

20. 18 4k = 10 4k

18. 4r + 5 = 5 4r

21. 12 + 2y = 10y 12

2-4 Study Guide and Intervention

(continued)

Solving Equations with the Variable on Each Side

Grouping Symbols When solving equations that contain grouping symbols, first use the Distributive Property to
eliminate grouping symbols. Then solve.

Example: Solve 4(2a 1) = 10(a 5).

4(2a 1) = 10(a 5)
8a 4 = 10a + 50
8a 4 + 10a = 10a + 50 + 10a
18a 4 = 50

Add 10a to each side.

Add 4 to each side.

18a = 54

a=3

Distributive Property

Simplify.

18a 4 + 4 = 50 + 4

18 a
18

Original equation

Simplify.

54
18

Divide each side by 18.

Simplify.

The solution is 3.

Exercises
Chapter 5

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Solve each equation. Check your solution.

1. 3(x + 5) = 3(x 1)

2. 2(7 + 3t) = t

3. 3(a + 1) 5 = 3a 2

4. 75 9g = 5(4 + 2g)

5. 5(f + 2) = 2(3 f )

6. 4(p + 3) = 36

7. 18 = 3(2t + 2)

8. 3(d 8) = 3d

9. 5(p + 3) + 9 = 3( p 2) + 6

11. 1.2(x 2) = 2 x

12.

10. 4(b 2) = 2(5 b)

13.

a8
12

2 a+5
3

3+ y
4

14. 2(4 + 2k) + 10 = k

y
8

15. 2(w 1) + 4 = 4(w + 1)

16. 6(n 1) = 2(2n + 4)

17. 2[2 + 3( y 1)] = 22

18. 4(r + 2) = 4(2 4r)

19. 3(x 8) = 24

20. 4(4 4k) = 10 16k

21. 6(2 2y) = 5(2y 2)

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving Inequalities by Addition and Subtraction
Solve Inequalities by Addition Addition can be used to solve inequalities. If any number is added to each side of a
true inequality, the resulting inequality is also true.
Addition Property of Inequalities

For all numbers a, b, and c, if a > b, then a + c > b + c, and if a < b,

then a + c < b + c

The property is also true when > and < are replaced with and .

Example 1: Solve x 8 6. Then graph the solution.

x 8 6
x 8 + 8 6 + 8
x2

Original inequality
Add 8 to each side.

Example 2: Solve 4 2a > a. Then graph the solution.

Simplify.

4 2a > a
4 2a + 2a > a + 2a

The solution in set-builder notation is {x | x 2}.

Number line graph:
Chapter 5

Original inequality
Add 2a to each side.

4>a

Simplify.

a<4

4 > a is the same as a < 4.

Glencoe Algebra 1

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________________________ PERIOD ______________

The solution in set-builder notation is {a | a < 4}.

Number line graph:

Chapter 5

Glencoe Algebra 1

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE______________________________ PERIOD ______________

Exercises
Solve each inequality. Check your solution, and then graph it on a number line.
1. t 12 16

2. n 12 < 6

3. 6 g 3

4. n 8 < 13

5. 12 > 12 + y

6. 6 > m 8

Solve each inequality. Check your solution.

7. 3x 8 4x
10. y 10 > 15 2y

8. 0.6n 12 0.4n
11. z

1
3

4
3

9. 8k 12 < 9k
12. 2b > 4 3b

Define a variable, write an inequality, and solve each problem. Check your solution.
13. A number decreased by 4 is less than 14.
14. The difference of two numbers is more than 12, and one of the numbers is 3.
15. Forty is no greater than the difference of a number and 2.

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention

(continued)

Solving Inequalities by Addition and Subtraction

Solve Inequalities by Subtraction Subtraction can be used to solve inequalities. If any number is subtracted from
each side of a true inequality, the resulting inequality is also true.
Subtraction Property of Inequalities

For all numbers a, b, and c, if a > b, then a c > b c, and if a < b,

then a c < b c.

The property is also true when > and < are replaced with and .

Example: Solve 3a + 5 > 4 + 2a. Then graph it on a number line.

3a + 5 > 4 + 2a
3a + 5 2a > 4 + 2a 2a
a+5>4
a+55>45
a > 1

Original inequality
Subtract 2a from each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 5 from each side.
Simplify.

The solution is {a a > 1}.

Number line graph:

Chapter 5

11

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Exercises
Solve each inequality. Check your solution, and then graph it on a number line
1. t + 12 8

2. n + 12 > 12

3. 16 h + 9

4. y + 4 > 2

5. 3r + 6 > 4r

6.

3
q5
2

1
q
2

Solve each inequality. Check your solution.

7. 4p 3p + 0.7

1
4

8. r +

10. 1.2 > 2.4 + y

>

3
8

9. 9k + 12 > 8k

11. 4y < 5y+ 14

12. 3n + 17 < 4n

Define a variable, write an inequality, and solve each problem. Check your solution.
13. The sum of a number and 8 is less than 12.
14. The sum of two numbers is at most 6, and one of the numbers is 2.
15. The sum of a number and 6 is greater than or equal to 4.

5-2 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving Inequalities by Multiplication and Division
Solve Inequalities by Multiplication If each side of an inequality is multiplied by the same positive number, the
resulting inequality is also true. However, if each side of an inequality is multiplied by the same negative number, the
direction of the inequality must be reversed for the resulting inequality to be true.
For all numbers a, b, and c, with c 0,
Multiplication Property of Inequalities

1. if c is positive and a > b, then ac > bc;

if c is positive and a < b, then ac < bc;
2. if c is negative and a > b, then ac < bc;
if c is negative and a < b, then ac > bc.

The property is also true when > and < are replaced with and .

Example 1: solve

(8)

y
8

( y8 )

Chapter 5

12

y
8

y 96

12

Simplify.

Original inequality

(8)12 Multiply each side by 8;change to .

11

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The solution is { y| y 96}.Example 2: solve

3
4

k<

15

3
4

Chapter 5

( 43 )

3
4

k < 20
k < 15

Original inequality

k<

( 43 )

15

Multiply each side by

4
3

Simplify.

The solution is {kk < 20}.

11

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Exercises
Solve each inequality. Check your solution.
1.

y
2
6

2.

n
50

5.

1
n 10
4

6.

2
b
3

9.

g
5

10.

3
4

3.

3
h 3
5

1
3

7.

3m
5

<

9 p
5

11.

n
10

5.4

> 22

<

>

4.

3
20

p
6

< 6

8. 2.51

12.

2a
7

2 h
4

Define a variable, write an inequality, and solve each problem. Check your solution.
13. Half of a number is at least 14.
14. The opposite of one-third a number is greater than 9.
15. One fifth of a number is at most 30.

Chapter 8

37

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5-2 Study Guide and Intervention

(continued)

Solving Inequalities by Multiplication and Division

Solve Inequalities by Division If each side of a true inequality is divided by the same positive number, the resulting
inequality is also true. However, if each side of an inequality is divided by the same negative number, the direction of the
inequality symbol must be reversed for the resulting inequality to be true.
For all numbers a, b, and c with c 0,
1. if c is positive and a > b, then

a
c

Division Property of Inequalities

<

>

>

b
; if c is positive and a < b, then
c

b
;
c

2. if c is negative and a > b, then

a
c

a
c

a
c

<

b
; if c is negative and a < b, then
c

b
.
c

The property is also true when > and < are replaced with and .

Example : Solve 12y 48.

12y 48

12 y
12

Original inequality

48
12

y 4

Divide each side by 12 and change to .

Simplify.

The solution is { yy 4}.

Exercises
Solve each inequality. Check your solution.
1. 25g 100

5. 6k <

1
5

9. 25 2m

13. 40 > 10h

2. 2x 9

3. 5c > 2

4. 8m < 64

6. 18 < 3b

7. 30 < 3n

8. 0.24 < 0.6w

10. 30 > 5p

11. 2n 6.2

14.

2
3n

15. 3 <

p
4

12. 35 < 0.05h

16. 4 >

x
2

Define a variable, write an inequality, and solve each problem. Then check your solution.
17. Four times a number is no more than 108.
Chapter 8

37

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18. The opposite of three times a number is greater than 12.

19. Negative five times a number is at most 100.

8-6 Study Guide and Intervention

Solving x2 + bx + c = 0
Factor

+ bx + c To factor a trinomial of the form

+ bx + c, find two integers, m and p, whose sum is equal

to b and whose product is equal to c.

Factoring
+c

+ bx

+ bx + c = (x + m)(x + p), where m + p = b and mp = c

Example 2 : Factor x 2 + 6x 16.

Example 1: Factor each polynomial.

a. x 2 + 7x + 10

In this trinomial, b = 6 and c = 16. This means m + p is

positive and mp is negative. Make a list of the factors of
16, where one factor of each pair is positive.

In this trinomial, b = 7 and c = 10.

Factors of 10

Sum of Factors

1, 10

11

2, 5

Since 2 + 5 = 7 and 2 _ 5 = 10, let m = 2 and p = 5.

2
x + 7x + 10 = (x + 5)(x + 2)
b. x 2 8x + 7

In this trinomial, b = 8 and c = 7. Notice that m + p is

negative and mp is positive, so m and p are both negative.

Factors of 16

Sum of Factors

1, 16

15

1, 16

15

2, 8

2, 8

Therefore, m = 2 and p = 8.

x 2 + 6x 16 = (x 2)(x + 8)

Since 7 + (1) = 8 and (7)(1) = 7, m = 7 and p = 1.

x 2 8x + 7 = (x 7)(x 1)

Chapter 8

37

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Exercises
Factor each polynomial.
1.

x 2 + 4x + 3

2.

m2 + 12m + 32

4.

x2 x 6

5.

x 2 4x 21

7.

t 2 4t 12

8.

p2 16p + 64

10.

+ 6x + 5

11.

13.

x 2 2x 3

14.

y 2 + 14y + 13

16.

x 2 + 12x + 20

19.

Chapter 1

+ 2xy +

17.
2

13

r 2 3r + 2
6.

9. 9 10x +

+ 8a 9

a2 14a + 24
20.

3.

4ab + 4 b2

12.
15.

x 2 22x + 121
x2
y

7y 8

m 2 + 9m + 20

18. 18 + 11y +

y2
21.

+ 6xy 7

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8-6 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Solving x2 + bx + c = 0
Solve Equations by Factoring Factoring and the Zero Product Property can be used to solve many equations of the
form x 2 + bx + c = 0.
Example 1: Solve
x
x

x 2 + 6x = 7. Check your solutions.

+ 6x = 7

+ 6x 7 = 0

Original equation
Rewrite equation so that one side equals 0.

(x 1)(x + 7) = 0

Factor.

x 1 = 0 or x + 7 = 0

Zero Product Property

x=1

x = 7

The solution set is {1, 7}. Since

Solve each equation.

2
12 + 6(1) = 7 and ( 7) + 6(7) = 7, the solutions check.

Example 2: ROCKET LAUNCH The formula h = vt 16 t 2 gives the height h of a rocket after t seconds when
the initial velocity v is given in feet per second. If a rocket is fired with initial velocity 2288 feet per second, how
many seconds will it take for the rocket to reach a height of 6720 feet?
h = vt 16 t 2

Formula

6720 = 2288t 16 t 2
0 = 16 t 2

Substitute.

+ 2288t 6720

Rewrite equation so that one side equals 0.

0 = 16(t 143t + 420)

Factor out GCF.

0 = 16(t 3)(t 140)

Factor

t 3 = 0 or t 140 = 0
t=3

Zero Product Property

t = 140

Solve each equation.

The rocket reaches 6720 feet in 3 seconds and again in 140 seconds, or 2 minutes 20 seconds after launch.

Exercises
Solve each equation. Check the solutions.
1.
0

x 2 4x + 3 = 0

4.
0

7.

=x+2

t 2 8 = 7t

2.

y 2 5y + 4 = 0

5.

8.

p2 = 9p 14

10. x 2 + 6 = 5x
+ 15 = 0
13.

= 24 10x

Use the formula h = vt 16 t 2

Chapter 1

4x = 5

11.
14.

3.

m 2 + 10m + 9 =

6.

9. 9 8x +

a2 = 11a 18

18a = 72

12x + 36 =

12.
15.

x2 = 0
y 2 8y

= 10b 16

to solve each problem.

13

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16. FOOTBALL A punter can kick a football with an initial velocity of 48 feet per second. How many seconds will it
take for the ball to first reach a height of 32 feet?
17. ROCKET LAUNCH If a rocket is launched with an initial velocity of 1600 feet per second, when will the rocket be
14,400 feet high?

Chapter 1

13

Glencoe Algebra 1