Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
18-22, 2001
ABSTRACT
This paper is based on actual measurement weather data of recent decade in Jinan, P.R. China, and profile and
characteristics of outdoor air wet bulb temperature are analyzed. It is found that outdoor air wet bulb
temperature has an effect on the performance of chillers. Results show that the cooling capacity is increased by
9.0 percent, consumption power is reduced by 17.2 percent, and coefficient of performance is stepped-up by
31.5 percent when chillers operate at night.
Last summer, the performance of chillers in a hotel building in Jinan was measured. Measurement results
showed good agreement with theory calculation results.
INTRODUCTION
2.
1.
22.5
22.0
21.5
21.0
20.5
0
10
15
20
25
time (hour)
18
11
14
17
24
day
night
26.2
25.4
25.9
20.9
20.5
19.5
19.9
22.5
21.7
22.1
22.1
22.8
21.8
21.4
20.8
24.4
22.8
23.7
23.5
21.9
21.0
22.3
21.6
21.0
21.0
19.3
17.8
9.9
19.0
22.5
21.5
26.0
25.1
25.7
19.5
19.6
19.5
19.3
22.5
21.7
22.2
20.0
22.8
22.4
20.8
21.4
24.1
22.7
23.6
23.7
21.8
21.7
23.6
22.1
20.4
20.8
18.5
18.3
14.3
18.8
22.7
22.0
26.0
25.0
25.6
20.3
19.0
19.6
19.4
22.7
21.8
22.3
22.1
23.7
23.0
20.4
22.0
24.0
22.7
23.7
23.7
21.8
22.3
23.9
22.6
20.0
20.8
18.1
18.8
17.7
18.9
23.0
22.5
26.2
25.1
25.8
21.7
18.8
19.8
20.3
23.3
22.0
22.5
22.3
23.7
23.5
21.4
22.6
24.1
22.9
23.8
23.7
22.0
22.8
24.2
23.1
19.9
20.9
18.1
19.2
20.0
19.8
23.2
22.8
27.1
25.8
26.9
24.1
19.9
20.2
24.9
26.8
22.5
23.0
22.4
23.4
24.3
26.5
22.7
25.2
24.2
24.6
23.4
22.8
23.1
25.1
24.7
20.6
21.8
19.7
19.8
20.3
22.1
24.0
23.3
27.6
26.2
27.5
23.7
20.3
20.6
27.5
28.0
22.8
23.3
24.0
22.1
24.6
20.7
24.5
25.4
24.9
24.9
22.9
23.2
23.6
24.9
24.9
21.0
22.3
20.5
20.2
20.4
23.5
23.9
23.3
27.8
26.4
27.8
21.8
20.1
20.9
28.1
27.0
22.8
23.5
24.1
21.5
24.3
19.6
25.0
24.6
25.1
24.8
22.2
23.1
24.3
23.7
23.9
21.2
22.6
20.4
20.4
20.3
23.7
23.1
23.9
27.0
25.8
26.8
20.2
17.2
21.5
21.9
16.1
21.7
23.5
22.4
20.8
21.5
19.4
25.0
18.9
23.6
22.7
19.8
21.0
26.5
17.0
16.3
20.8
22.0
16.9
20.1
19.1
19.3
18.4
20.6
27.1
25.8
27.0
22.5
19.8
20.4
25.2
26.3
22.5
23.1
23.5
22.7
24.2
22.1
24.0
24.8
24.3
24.5
23.1
23.0
23.5
24.5
24.2
21.0
21.9
19.7
19.9
20.3
22.3
23.6
23.1
26.3
25.3
26.0
20.6
19.1
20.0
20.1
21.0
21.7
22.5
22.2
22.5
22.2
20.5
22.3
22.9
22.9
23.4
22.7
21.6
22.9
22.0
20.7
20.6
21.2
18.2
19.8
15.3
19.0
21.7
21.7
3.
day
night
28
27
ANALYSIS
EFFICIENCY
OF
ENERGY
26
Temperature () o
Temperature ( C)
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time (day)
35
19
o = VRqv
= Vhqv
= Vhqo /V1
(1)
P
v = 1 c 2
P
1
m
1
(2)
(3)
(4)
1 + c P1
v P1
(5)
1 + c P1
P2 m To
= 1 c 1
0.98 1
v P1
P
T
1
k
1 + c P1
P2 + P2 m To
1
= 0.98 1
1 c
v P1
P1
T
(6)
By using Eqs. (1) and (6)
1 + c P1
P2 + P2
o = 0.98 1
1 c
v P1
P1
m To q o
1
Vh
T V1
(7)
20
Pe = M R Wth /( i m )
T
= M R Wth o + bt o m
Tk
(8)
(9)
b1 = -3.066017 10-4,
b3 = -1.616698 10-4,
b5 = -1.762319 10-8,
a2 = 280.1342,
c2 = 7.454992,
c4 = -73.58168,
c6 = -3519.666.
c1 = -3.160405 10-4,
c3 = -2.049994 10-4,
c5 = -5.494057 10-8,
Day
Night
Day
Night
0 /
0
(kW)
Pe
(kW)
COP
314.0
342.9
310.0
337.8
89.9
72.6
90.5
74.9
3.49
4.72
3.43
4.51
Pe / Pe
(%)
COP / COP
(%)
9.2
-19.2
35.2
9.0
-17.2
31.5
(%)
Pressure
NOMENCLATURE
Enthalpy
4.
to
evaporation temperature, oC
condensation temperature, oC
tk
0 cooling capacity, kW
Pe shaft power, kW
COP coefficient of performance
To evaporation temperature, K
Tk condensation temperature, K
qo mass refrigerating capacity, kJkg-1
Vl specific volume, m3kg-1
Wth work of compression, kJkg-1
MR mass rate of flow of refrigerant, kgs-1
b
constant
m expansion index number
c
relative clearance volume
P1 suction pressure, Pa
P1 suction pressure difference, Pa, P1 = P1 - Po
P2 exhaust pressure, Pa
P2 exhaust pressure difference, Pa, P2 = Pk - P2
m friction efficiency, %
Po evaporation pressure, Pa
Pk condensation, Pa
VR actual induced volume of suction vapor at
suction pressure, m3
Vh theoretical displacement of compressor, m3
volumetric efficiency, %
i compression efficiency, %
v cleance volume and compression ratio
t coefficient of heating effect
l coefficient of leakage
p coefficient of throttle
REFERENCES
1.
21
3.
4.
5.
6.
ASHRAE,
ASHRAE
Handbook
1998,
Refrigeration, ASHRAE inc., Atlanta, GA (1998).
22