TEMIC 2008

Elementary Mathematics International Contest

1. 42,857
P Q N

P = 3Q
= 10N+1


10N+1
10N-3N
7N
N

N = abcde
P = abcde1 = abcde 10+1 = 10N+1
Q = 1abcde = 100000+ abcde = 100000+N
=
=
=
=
=

3(100000+N)
300000+3N
300000-1
299999
299999
= 42857
7

2. 10

AXB = 60n ABC = 2AXB
ABC = 260n = 120n BXC = 180n-60n = 120n

EMIC 2008
g

321

 CBX = n
%BXC XCB = 180n-n-120n = 60n-n
ABC = 120n ABX = 120n-n
%BAX BAX = 180n-60n-(120n-n) = 120n-120n+n = n
%ABC

_ %

XBC

BC

= AC
XC
BC
BC
5
2

20
= BC
BC = 520
BC2 = 100 = 102
BC = 10

3. 7

A
B ( 950 )

322

g EMIC 2008

 A ()

950+950 2950

150
= 3 34
40
3 34 1
1 A
( 2 ) B
B ( 3 ) A
2 4 950
4950

t
= s = vt
t 40t
t 150t
1 40t+150t = 2950
190t = 2950
t = 2q190950 = 10
1 10
2 40t+150t = 4950
190t = 4950
t = 4q190950 = 20

EMIC 2008
g

323

 2 20
3, 4, y 30, 40, y
90 9
10, 20, 30, y , 90

1 t = 10 s = vt = 4010 = 400 ( A)
= B 950-400 = 550

2 t = 20 , 4020 = 800 ( A)
= B 950-800 = 150

3 t = 30 , 4030 = 1200 = 950+250

( 1 A)
= B 250

4 t = 40 , 4040 = 1600 = 950+650

= B 650

5 t = 50 , 4050 = 2000 = 950+950+100

= B 950-100 = 850

6 t = 60 , 4060 = 2400 = 950+950+500

= B 950-500 = 450

7 t = 70 , 4070 = 2800 = 950+950+900

= B 950-900 = 50

8 t = 80 , 4080 = 3200 = 3950+350

= B 350

9 t = 90 , 4090 = 3600 = 3950+750

= B 750


7 B

324

g EMIC 2008

4.

5
7
1
1 1
1
 

n(n  k) k n n  k

A 2 a1, a2
B 2 b1, b2
C 2 c1, c2
222 = 8
a1b1c1+a1b1c2+a1b2c1+a1b2c2+a2b1c1+a2b1c2+a2b2c1+a2b2c2
(a 1+a 2)(b 1+b 2)(c 1+c 2)

aibjck
80 (445 = 80)
( 16 + 121 + 201 + 301 + 421 )( 18 + 241 + 481 + 801 )(2.82+2.76+2.18+2.24)

1
6

+ 121 + 201 + 301 + 421 =

=
=
=

1
8

+ 241 + 481 + 801 =

=
=
=

1
1
1
1
1
2q3
3q 4
4q5
5q 6
6q 7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
        
2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7
1
1
2
7
5
14
1
1
1
1



2q 4 4q 6 6q8 8q10
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1




2 2 4
2 4 6
2 6 8
2 8 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
      
2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10
1 1 1

2 2 10
1
5

=
2.82+2.76+2.18+2.24 = 10.00

EMIC 2008
g

325

= (1 + 1

6
5
14

12
1
5

+ 201 + 301 + 421 )( 18 + 241 + 481 + 801 )(2.82+2.76+2.18+2.24)

10 =

5
7

5.

Masyu
Masyu

326

g EMIC 2008


wikihow

EMIC 2008
g

327

6. 1,584
2

328

g EMIC 2008

 2
2
1
A, B, C, D, E, F, G
4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4 2
4 A, C, E, G 3 B, D, F
6
6 2 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3
4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3
1.1 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3
4 4 A, C, E, G 3
4
= 4 ACE, ACG, AEG, CEG ACE
3

3 B, D, F

4 3
4

3
2
1 A 1 4 1A, 3A, 5A, 7A
3A

EMIC 2008
g

329

 2 C 3
1C, 5C, 7C 5C

3 E 2
1E

4, 5, 6 B, D, F 3, 2, 1
6B, 2D, 4F
1.1 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3

43 432321 = 4432321 = 576

1.2 4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3
3 3 B, D, F 2
3
= 3 BD, BF, DF BD
2

4 A, C, E, G

1, 2, 3, 4 1.1 A, C, E, G 4, 3, 2, 1

330

g EMIC 2008

 5, 6 B, D 3, 2

1.2
4, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3
3
432132 = 3432132

2
= 432
576+432 = 1008
2
A, B, C, D, E, F, G
3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3 2
3 A, C, E, G 4 B, D, F
6
6 2 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4
3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4
2.1 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4

3 4 A, C, E, G 3
4
= 4 ACE, ACG, AEG, CEG ACE

3
4 B, D, F
1, 2, 3 A, C, E 3, 2, 1
4, 5, 6 B, D, F 4, 3, 2

EMIC 2008
g

331

 2.1 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4

43 321432 = 4321432 = 576

2.2 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4
A, B, C, D, E, G
A, C, E 1
G
A, C, E


576
1008+576 = 1584
7. 670

a, b
1, 2, 3, 4, y , 2006, 2007, 2008
a > b
aa  bb () a b
a b

a b a-b = 1

332

1 a-b = 1
a = b+1
= a  b = (b  1)  b = 2b+1


a b
1
2b+1 a-b = 1
3 4
( 44  33 = 1) a b

g EMIC 2008

2 a-b = 2
a = b+2
= ab =


a b

(b  2)  b
2

2b  2
2

2b
2

+ 22 = b+1

b+1 a-b = 2 3 5
( 55  33 = 4)
3 a-b = 3
a = b+3

ab
a b

(b  3)  b
3

2b  3
3

2b 3

3 3

= 23b+1

b 3 23b+1
()
3
1 1+3 = 4, 4+3 = 7,
y ( 4 1 = 5 , 7 1 = 8 , 7  4 = 11
4 1
3
7 1
6 7 3
4
)

1, 4, 7, 10, y
3 1
2008 ( 3 1 )
1, 4, 7, 10, y , 2008
? 2
3, 6, 9, 12, y , 2010
3
1, 2, 3, 4, y , 670
670 1, 4, 7, 10, y , 2008
670
1 2008 670
670

EMIC 2008
g

333


2 2+3 = 5, y
2, 5, 8, 11, y , 2006 3 2
669 670
3 b 3
8. 71
7

777
777 = 343
444
1 333
8
333 8
444 222 333
1 27
8 827
= 216 343-216 = 127
=

73 = 833+12713
8 +127 = 135


777
444 1
333 7 222
73 = 143+733+9013
1+7+90 = 98

334

g EMIC 2008

 333
222
111

3
3 2
2 7
1
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
77

777 444,
333, 222 111
1 44,
33, 22, 11

44 1
4

33 3 3
22 33 2

EMIC 2008
g

335

 22 3

3 11

1 1

1
1

1. (1, 2, 3, 3)

444, 333, 222 111

1, 2, 3 3 (1, 2, 3, 3)
2

336

g EMIC 2008

 444 4 4
1, 2, 3, 4
333 3 3
1, 2, 3
222 2 2
1, 2
111 1

2 444, 333,
222 4, 3, 2
444, 333, 222

3
L
111 3
2 2
111 3
(0, 0, 0, 3)

2. (0, 0, 0, 3)

3 444
333 222
3

EMIC 2008
g

337

 3 15
333 1 222 3
11
222 (
333
) 3
111
3. (0, 0, 3, 3)

4 444 1
222 2 333 1

21 333

222
13 111

4. (0, 0, 2, 13)

5 222 4

338

g EMIC 2008

 333
111

5. (0, 2, 0, 23)

6 333
5

222 7
111

6. (0, 0, 7, 3)

7 333 5 222
6 3 111

7. (0, 0, 0, 3)

EMIC 2008
g

339

 7
1. (1, 2, 3, 3)
2. (0, 0, 0, 3)
3. (0, 0, 3, 3)
4. (0, 0, 2, 13)
5. (0, 2, 0, 23)
6. (0, 0, 7, 3)
7. (0, 0, 0, 3)
(1, 4, 15, 51)
73 = 143+433+1523+5113
= 64+427+158+511
= 64+108+120+51
= 343
73 = 343 () 444,
333, 222 111 1+4+15+51 = 71

340

g EMIC 2008

1
Mrs. Perkinss Quilt

9.

EMIC 2008
g

341

S
S
S
S
S
S

=
=
=
=
=
=

a+b+c
b+d+e
c+e+f
d+g+h
e+h+i
f+i+j

y (1)
y (2)
y (3)
y (4)
y (5)
y (6)

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j 0 9
a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j = 0+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 = 45
S e
e
e
e (1), (4), (6)

3S = (a+b+c+d+g+h+f+i+j)
3S = (a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j)-e
3S = 45-e
e = 45-3S
y (7)
e 0 9 S 12, 13, 14, 15
S (7) e = 9, 6, 3, 0
e 2, 3, 5
b+d = c+f = h+i = S-e
y (8)
(8) 4 S e

1, S = 12, e = 9
(8) b+d = c+f = h+i = 3 2
3 3+0 = 1+2

342

g EMIC 2008

 2, S = 13, e = 6
(8) b+d = c+f = h+i = 7 3
7 0+7 = 2+5 = 3+4
(1+6 e = 6 )
3, S = 14, e = 3
(8) b+d = c+f = h+i = 11 3
11 2+9 = 4+7 = 5+6
(3+8 e = 3 )
4, S = 15, e = 0
(8) b+d = c+f = h+i = 15 2
3 6+9 = 7+8
2 2 3

2, S = 13, e = 6

b+d = c+f = h+i = 7 = 0+7 = 2+5 = 3+4

(b, d), (c, f), (h, i) (0, 7), (2, 5), (3, 4)
3
a, g, j {1, 8, 9}
1, 8, 9
a, g, j

EMIC 2008
g

343


S = 13
(c, f) = (0, 7) f = 7
13
f = 0, c = 7

. S = 13 i = 4 i h = 3
d = 2 b = 5
1+5+7 = 5+2+6 = 7+6+0 = 2+8+3 = 6+3+4 = 0+4+9

3, S = 14, e = 3
b+d = c+f = h+i = 11 = 2+9 = 4+7 = 5+6
(b, d), (c, f), (h, i) (2, 9), (4, 7), (5, 6)
3
a, g, j {0, 1, 8}
0, 1, 8
a, g, j

344

g EMIC 2008

 S = 14

2
10. 9

a + a + a +y
b + b + b +y
a b 1, 2, 3, y , 19
2
1

2
1

2
2

2
2

2
3

2
3

19 2008
( a + a + a +y)-( b + b + b +y ) = 2008
( a + a + a +y)-2008 = ( b + b + b +y )
( b + b + b +y )
( a + a + a +y+ b + b + b +y)-2008 = ( b + b + b +y )
+( b + b + b +y )
( a + a + a +y+ b + b + b +y)-2008 = 2( b + b + b +y )
a + a + a +y+ b + b + b +y = 12+22+32+y+192
2
1

2
2

2
3

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
1

2
2

2
1

2
1

2
2

2
1

2
2

2
2

2
3

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
3

2
2

2
3

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
1

2
2

2
1

2
2

2
3

2
3

2
3

2
1

12+22+32+y+n2 =

2
3

2
3

2
2

2
1

2
1

2
1

2
2

2
2

2
3

2
3

n(n  1)(2n  1)
6

 1)
12+22+32+y+192 = 19(19 1)(38
= (19)(20)(39)
= 2470
6
6

2470-2008 = 2( b + b + b +y )

2
1

2
2

2
3

EMIC 2008
g

345

462 = 2( b + b + b +y )
+ b + b +y = 462
= 231
2
2
1

b12

2
2

2
2

2
3

2
3

231
12, 22, 32, y , 192
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361
231 256,
289, 324, 361 231

?
1

4 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36,

49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225 1 0
1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1
12, 32, 52, 72, 92, 112, 132, 152 4 1
22, 42, 62, 82, 102, 122, 142 4 0
231 4 3
4 3
3 ( 7 )
12+32+52 = 1+9+25 = 35 231-35
= 196 142 = 196 12+32+52+142 = 231

1, 3, 5, 14
2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

346

19 2008
= (22+42+62+72+82+92+102+112+122+132+152+162+172+182+192)


-(12+32+52+142) = 2008

-12+22-32+42-52+62+72+82+92+102+112+122+132-142+152
+162+172+182+192 = 2008

g EMIC 2008

14 14

12+32+72 = 1+9+49 = 59 231-59 = 172

4, 16, 36, 64, 100, 144
172
12+32+92 = 1+9+81 = 91 231-91 = 140
4, 16, 36, 64, 100 140 4+36+100
= 140
= -12-22-32+42+52-62+72+82-92-102+112+122+132+142+152


+162+172+182+192 = 2008
10
14
12+72+92 = 1+49+81 = 131 231-131 = 100
102
-12+22+32+42+52+62-72+82-92-102+112+122+132+142+152
+162+172+182+192 = 2008
10
12+52+72, 12+52+92, 32+52+72, 32+52
+92 , 32+72+92, 52+72+92 (
9 10)

4, 16, 36, 64
231-75 = 156

12+52+72 = 75

12+52+92 = 107 231-107 = 124

32+52+72 = 83
231-83 = 148

16+36+64 = 42+62+82
32+52+92 = 115 231-115 = 116
32+72+92 = 139 231-139 = 92

52+72+92 = 155 231-155 = 76

EMIC 2008
g

347

32+52+92 = 115 42+62+82

= 116 231
= 12+22-32-42-52-62+72-82-92+102+112+122+132+142+152+162


+172+182+192 = 2008

9
9
9
12+22+32+42+52+62+72+82 =

8(8  1)(2 8  1)
6

= 204

9
8
231 204 9

2

348

2 12+22+32+y 231
12+22+32+y+82 = 204 < 231
12+22+32+y+82+92 = 285 > 231
285 231 285-231 = 54
54 = 1+4+49 = 12+22+72
= 231 = 285-54


= (12+22+32+y+82+92)-(12+22+72)
= 32+42+52+62+82+92
=
12+22-32-42-52-62+72-82-92+102+112+122+132+142+152+162
+172+182+192 = 2008

g EMIC 2008