Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered from this study, their analysis and
interpretation.
The researchers did a survey to prove that our product can be used effectively and
efficiently. We asked three respondents to take our survey for us to see their opinions for the
different colored chalks they use. The respondents were provided papers with questions in which
they were tasked to write the appropriate efficiency of the product, 5 for excellent, 4 for very
satisfactory, 3 for satisfactory, 2 for needs improvement and 1 for poor.
Trial 1
Durability
Hardness
Texture
Writing Capacity
Total Average
Mean

R1
2
2
3
3

R2
3
3
3
3

R3
2
3
3
3

Means
2.3
2.7
3
3
2.7

In trial 1, using the materials in which the amount of pulverized Tuway Shell and flour
were both the same. The total mean for durability is 2.3 since the first respondent give 2 points,
the second give 3 points and the third give 2 points. To get the total mean for each characteristic,
we should add the points given by the three respondents divided by the number of respondents.
For trial 1 the total mean for durability is 2.3, for hardness is 2.7, for texture is 3 and for writing
capacity is 2.7. The total average for the following means in trial 1 is 2.7.

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Trial 2
Durability
Hardness
Texture
Writing Capacity
Total Average
Mean

R1
3
4
3
4

R2
3
3
3
4

R3
3
3
4
3

Means
3
3.3
3.3
3
3.2

In trial 2 using, the materials in which the amount of flour is greater than the amount of
pulverized Tuway shells. In trial 2, the total mean for durability is 3, for hardness and texture is
3.3 and for writing capacity is 3. The total average for the following means in trial 2 is 3.2
Trial 3
Durability
Hardness
Texture
Writing Capacity
Total Average
Mean

R1
4
4
3
4

R2
4
4
3
3

R3
4
5
4
3

Means
4
4.3
3.3
3.3
3.7

In trial 3 using, the materials in which the amount of pulverized Tuway shell is greater
than the amount of flour. In trial 3, the total mean for durability is 4, for hardness and texture is
4.3 and for writing capacity is 3.3. The total average for the following means in trial 3 is 3.7
Based on the results of the three trials, trial 3 was considered as the most qualified
colored chalk since it has the largest total average mean.

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This table shows the amount of pulverized Tuway Shells and flour per teaspoon to obtain
the perfect ratio in creating a colored chalk. It also describes the characteristics of the product
which is based on the conducted survey. Note that each chalk was dried at least 3 days.

Trial
Numbe
r

Amt. of
pulverized
Tuway Shells
(per tsp.)

Amt.
Flour
Mixed
(per tsp.)

Characteristics

Durability

Hardness

Texture

Brittle

Soft

Smooth

Slightly hard

Smooth

Slightly
Durable
Durable

Written
Capacity
Slightly
Clear
Clear

Hard

Smooth

Clear

Analysis and Interpretation of Data

The researchers made some trial and error by combining our materials with
different amounts specifically the pulverized Tuway Shells and flour. During our first try, we put
one teaspoon of our pulverized shell and flour, then one teaspoon of pulverized shell and two
teaspoon of flour, then one teaspoon of pulverized shell and three teaspoon of flour and lastly
two teaspoon of pulverized shell and one teaspoon of flour. The amount of hot water was
constant at 1 tsp. After conducting the experiment, the researchers conducted a survey to the
three correspondents. The researchers let the correspondents test the characteristics of each
variables based on their durability, texture, and written capacity. Based on the survey, the 3 rd trial
was chosen as the best product made by the researchers. The researchers then agree and choose
the best mixture of pulverized shells and flour in producing a colored chalk was in the ratio of
2:1. It is very durable, smooth and of course has a good writing capability, which satisfies the

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tastes of the following respondents. The researchers observed that the amount of pulverized
Tuway Shell improves the hardness and the durability of the product since it contains Calcium
Carbonate. The flour on the other hand, served as a binding agent that provides clear and vibrant
color especially in writing.

Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings on

pulverizing Tuway shells with

Alugbati berries, Turmeric extract and Achiote as potential in producing a colored blackboard
chalk.
This chapter also contains the conclusions of the specific research problems based on the
survey conducted, and the recommendations which are generated form the results of the study.
Summary
The following are the findings on pulverizing Tuway shells with Alugbati berries,
Turmeric extract and Achiote leaves as answers to the specific problems of the study?
1. Is it possible to produce a colored chalk from Tuway shells with Alugbati berries,
Turmeric extract and Achiote?
Yes, it is possible to produce a colored chalk from Tuway shells with alugbati berries,
Turmeric extract and Achiote as soon as the shells were pulverize properly and the other
ingredients were mix properly according to its proper ratio.
2. Does the amount of the pulverized Tuway shells affect the production of colored chalk?
Yes, the amount of pulverized Tuway shells affect the production of colored chalk there must
be a greater amount mixed in the product since it serve as the foundation that contain minerals
such as calcium carbonate CACO3 which makes the colored chalk hard, strong and rigid .

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3. Does the flour affects the effectiveness of Tuway Shell as a substitute for the production
of colored chalk?
Yes, the amount of flour also affects the effectiveness of Tuway shell with natural
colorants in making a colored chalk. It serves as the binding agent to make the product more
compact. It also strengthens the writing capabilities of the colored chalk. In producing a
colored chalk the amount of flour greatly affects the product, there must be a lesser amount
of flour mixed in the product compared to the pulverized Tuway shell. Too much flour results
to porosity and brittleness, it also deteriorates the quality of writing produced by the product.
Conclusions
The following conclusions were drawn based on the strength of the findings on on
pulverizing Tuway shells with Alugbati berries, Turmeric extract and Achiote as potential in
producing a colored blackboard chalk.
1. It is possible to produced a colored chalk using Tuway shells mix with Alugbati
Berries, Turmeric Extract and Achiote.
This statement accepts the null hypothesis and rejects the alternative hypothesis.
2. The amount of pulverized Tuway shells and flour mixed to create a colored chalk
varies significantly.
3. Materials containing minerals like Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 such as egg shells, sea
shells and many more plays a vital role in making or producing a chalk.

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Recommendations:
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following factors are hereby
recommended.

1. Another study could be conducted to further verify the results of the study utilizing a
more effective method of chalk hardening substances for a more improved durability of the
chalk.
2. Other natural fruit extracts with coloring attributes may be utilized in the physical
color appearance of the chalk.
3. Artificial coloring may also be utilized as an alternative for the physical color
appearance of the chalk.
4. Other than being a blackboard chalk, the chalk made of tuway shells can also be used
for sidewalk chalk games.
5. Another study could also be conducted to make another substance other than tuway
shells for the making chalk.