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Sheet2
43891.2
8839.2
31662.41379
3
71.00000 mm2
9.50000 mm
29000000.00000 psi
199948.04000 N/mm2
# of Layers of Rebar =
(1 or 2)
Ast (per 1 ft) =
71
Rebar Spacing
12
Rebar Spacing
304.8
Note: These calculations are for symmetric reinforcement
2.50000 in
63.50000 mm
4000.00000 psi
27.57904 N/mm2
0.16700
35624.26959 N/mm2
1.11884
16813.08680 N/mm2
c =
0.00350
Creep of Concrete
c=
0.67000
c=1.00 for cylindrical shells; c=0.67 for domes; c=0.5 for hyper
a=
Sheet2
358746262.26570
1067631.01176
19570606.40219
Rigidity Characteristics of uncracked, reinforced concrete cross section (neglecting Poisson's ratio):
n = Est/Ec
B(uncr)rc = (Ec * (t3/12))*(1 + 3n*(1-2)2)
T(uncr)rc = (Ec * t) * (1+n)
where = Ast/Ac is the ratio of reinforcement area in one direction to the cross sectional area
And = h'/t is the ratio of the concrete thickness covering the reinforcement to the height of the cross section.
n=
=
=
B(uncr)rc =
T(uncr)rc =
11.89241
0.00367
0.50000
358746262.26570
1114206.83473
Ast/2
h'=t
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Sheet2
(1-2)t
h'=t
Ast/2
1.02158
K(uncr)rc =
19992937.18668
Rigidity Characteristics of cracked, reinforced concrete cross section (neglecting Poisson's ratio):
If the cross section cracks, its rigidity characteristics decrease. The degree of decrease depends on the eccentricity
of the compressive force. When the eccentricity reaches the value of half the height of the cross section
rigidity characteristics closely approximate the values:
B(crack)rc = EcI(crack)rc = (Ect3/12)*(43 + 6n(1 + 22 + 22 2 - 2))
T(crack)rc = EcA(crack)rc = Ect( + 2)
Where = x / t
n compr
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Sheet2
0.16975
Now,
K(crack)rc = * K(uncr)c
Where = sqrt[ 12(n + )*{(3 / 3) + [n/2*(1 + 22 + 22 2 - 2)]}]
=
K(crack)rc =
0.12790
2503017.84029
Rigidity Characteristics of cracked, unreinforced concrete cross section (neglecting Poisson's ratio):
If there is no reinforcement, then the tensile stresses disappear after cracking. The compressive
forces alone have to counterbalance the bending moment acting on the cross section. Thus, the
unreinforced concrete cross section is able to take bending moment only if the compressive force
acts inside the cross section.
Shrinkage and variation of temperature cause cracks in the concrete even without external
forces. Hence, we may assume that from the beginning of the loading process no tensile
stresses arise in the cross section. By so doing, we remain on the safe side.
K(crack)c = Ec*sqrt(13.5*e*((t/2)-e)3)
Assume e = cw for the eccentricity e.
c = 0.67 for domes
w = imperfection amplitude
w0,accid = 0.05t + [(R/2000) * a / (((R/t)/1000)+(1000/(R/t)))]
Empirical Formula for the accidental imperfection
where, a represents the influence of the accuracy of the erection method. For example, we can assume
a = 1 for reinforced concrete shells with rigid formwork, while for sliding shuttering we can take a = 6.
R = Radius of Curvature
w0,accid =
15.8189603936 mm
e0,design =
10.5987034637 mm
Design eccentricity
e0/t =
K(crack)c =
0.166908716
19563484.06853
Sheet2
Upper critical load of the elastic reinforced concrete shell:
p(upper)cr,el,rc = rc *p(lin,uncr)cr,c
stands for the ratio of the upper critical load to the linear one, ( = p(upper) cr / p(lin)cr), while the kind of upper
critical load is indicated by subscripts. (Thus the values related to homogeneous, concrete, and reinforced
concrete shells are denoted by hom, c, and rc, respectively).
c = (1 - (2e0/t))3(1+(w0/e0))/2
c =
0.21900
hom = 1 / (1 + (A*(w0/t)))
The value of A is different for the various shell types. For a radially compressed sphere A=6.0.
A=
6.00000
hom =
0.40085
rc [e0/t > 0.5] = * hom
rc [e0/t = 0] = (1 + 0)/2
rc [e0/t 0.5] = ((1 + 0)/2 * c ) + ( *(hom - c ))
rc =
0.24462
0.01946 N/mm2
406.48845 psf
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Sheet2
ppl
0.05627 N/mm2
0.90256
p(upper)cr,pl,rc
p(upper)cr,rc =
0.01757 N/mm2
366.87877 psf
81.25000 psf
4.51543
Note: The critical loads of several erected large reinforced concrete domes were determined in
Kollar and Dulacska's book The data showed that most structures have a safety factor greater
than two. Two domes exhibited a safety factor somewhat inferior to two, and one showed a
safety factor inferior to one. This latter structure, in fact, collapsed. On the whole, they assert,
a safety factor between 2.5 and 3.5 seems to be realistic for shells with decreasing post-buckling
load bearing capacity.
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Sheet2
mm
mm
mm
in. O.C.
mm. O.C.
ns are for symmetric reinforcement.
y of Concrete
Area (mm2)
71
129
200
284
387
510
645
819
1006
1452
2581
Diameter (mm)
9.5
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.7
32.3
35.8
43
57.3
Sheet2
ete shells with rigid formwork, while for sliding shuttering we can take a = 6.
oisson's ratio):
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accidental imperfection
we can assume
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Sheet2
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