OSPF Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting OSPF
BRKRST-3310
Faraz Shamim
Technical Leader
Patrick Viscosi
Network Consulting Engineer
Agenda
LSA Overview
Troubleshooting Commands
Common Issues
OSPF for NX-OS and IOS-XR
Troubleshooting Enhancements
BRKRST-3310
2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
LSA Overview
LSA Type Review
BRKRST-3310
Type
LSA
Router
Network
Summary Network
Summary ASBR
External
Group Membership
NSSA
External Attributes
911
Opaque
Cisco Public
Router LSA of R3 for Area 1

R3#show ip ospf database router 3.3.3.3
Router Link States (Area 1)
LS age: 0
Always 0 at origination
Options: (No TOS-capability)
LS type: Router Links
This is a router LSA
Link State ID: 3.3.3.3
Router ID of R3
Advertising Router: 3.3.3.3
Router ID of R3
LS Seq Number: 80000001
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x146B
Length: 48
Area Border Router
bit B = 1
Number of links: 2
Link Connected to: a Transit Network
(Link ID) Designated Router address): 192.1.1.4
(Link Data) Router Interface address): 192.1.1.3
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metric: 1
Link Connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 192.1.4.0
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Number of TOS metrics = 0
TOS 0 Metric: 2
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
DR
192.1.1.4
1
R4
192.1.1.3
R3
Area 0
18.10.0.5/30 6.6.6.6
192.1.4.0/24
R6
Router LSA of R3 for Area 0 (Cont.)

LS age: 0
Always 0 at origination
Options: (No TOS-capability)
LS type: Router Links
This is a router LSA
Router ID of R3
Router ID of R3
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x146B
Length: 48
Area Border Router
bit B = 1
Number of links: 2
Link Connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 6.6.6.6
(Link Data) Router Interface address: 18.10.0.5
Number of TOS metrics: 0
TOS 0 Metric: 8
Link Connected to: a Stub Network
(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 18.10.0.4
(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252
Number of TOS metrics = 0
TOS 0 Metric: 8
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
DR
192.1.1.4
1
R4
192.1.1.3
R3
Area 0
18.10.0.5/30 6.6.6.6
192.1.4.0/24
R6
Router Link Types Summary
BRKRST-3310
Type
Description
Link ID
Link Data
Point-to-Point
Numbered
Neighbors
RID
Interface IP
Address
Point-to-Point
Unnumbered
Neighbors
RID
MIB-II Ifindex
Value
Transit
IP Address
of the DR
Interface IP
Address
Stub
IP Network
Number
Subnet Mask
Virtual Link
Neighbors
RID
Interface IP
Address
Cisco Public
Network LSA for 192.1.1.0

R3#show ip ospf database network 192.1.1.4
Network Link States (Area 1)
LS age: 948
Options: (No TOS Capability)
LS type: Network Links
Interface address of DR
RID of DR
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x9A84
Length: 40
Network Mask: /24
Attached Router: 4.4.4.4
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
4.4.4.4
1.1.1.1
DR
192.1.1.4
R1
/24
2.2.2.2
1 192.1.1.3
R2
R4
Area 0
6.6.6.6
R3
2 18.10.0.4/32
192.1.4.0/24
R6
Type 3 Details
R4#show ip ospf database summary 192.1.2.0
Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 1514
LS type: Summary Links (Networks)
Link State ID: 192.1.2.0 (Summary Network Number)
RID of ABR
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0xFC68
Length: 28
Network Mask: /24
TOS 0 Metric: 4
O IA
ABR
1.1.1.1
DR
192.1.1.4
192.1.2.0/24
3
R1
/24
2.2.2.2
1 192.1.1.3
R2
R4
ABR
Cisco Public
10
Area 0
6.6.6.6
R3
2 18.10.0.4
192.1.4.0/24
BRKRST-3310
192.1.2.0/24
metric 4
R6
Type 4 Details
R4#show ip ospf database asbr-summary 7.7.7.7
Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)
LS age: 1548
LS type: Summary Links (AS Boundary Router)
Link State ID: 7.7.7.7 (AS Boundary Router address)
RID of ABR
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x93E2
Length: 28
Network Mask: /0
TOS: 0 Metric: 16
DR
1.1.1.1
3
192.1.2.0/24
192.1.1.4
R1
2.2.2.2
Cisco Public
External Route
8
Area 0
RID ASBR
7.7.7.7
6.6.6.6
R3
192.1.4.0/24
11
140.10.0.0
1 192.1.1.3
R2
BRKRST-3310
R4
/24
Type 4 Summary
18.10.0.4
R6
R7
Type 5 Details
R4#show ip ospf database external 140.10.0.0
LS age: 156
LS type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 140.10.0.0 (External Network Number)
Router ID of ASBR
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x93E2
Length: 36
Network Mask: /16
Metric Type: 2
bit E = 1 -> O E2 (Default)
Metric: 20
Forwarding address: 0.0.0.0
3 1.1.1.1
External Route
DR
192.1.1.4
192.1.2.0/24
R1
2.2.2.2
Cisco Public
Area 0
4
6.6.6.6
R3
192.1.4.0/24
12
140.10.0.0
1 192.1.1.3
R2
BRKRST-3310
R4
/24
18.10.0.4
R6
R7
RID ASBR
7.7.7.7
External Type 5
Forwarding address
Must be known via intra or inter area route
router ospf 1
redistribute bgp 1 subnets
ASBR
BGP Gateway
Router
OSPF
Network
R1
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
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OSPF is
running
on this
interface
Type 7 Details
R7#show ip ospf database nssa-external 140.10.0.0
LS age: 156
Options: (No TOS Capability, Type 7/5 translation)
LS type: AS External Link
Link State ID: 140.10.0.0 (External Network Number)
Router ID of R7(ASBR)
Initial Seq Number
Checksum: 0x01A6
Length: 36
Network Mask: /16
Metric Type: 2
Metric: 20
DR
3
1.1.1.1
Forwarding address: 0.0.0.0
192.1.1.4
192.1.2.0/24
R1
1
2.2.2.2
R2
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
External Route
140.10.0.0
R4
/24
R3
14
Area 0
6.6.6.6
192.1.1.3
192.1.4.0/24
8
2
18.10.0.4
R6
R7
Type 7
RID ASBR
7.7.7.7
NSSA
Troubleshooting Commands
What to look for in the output?
Show IP OSPF
R3# show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 3.3.3.3 and Domain ID 0.0.0.1
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
It is an area border router
SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs
Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs
Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x3B57
Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0
Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
Number of areas in this router is 2. 2 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
External flood list length 0
Area BACKBONE(0)
Number of interfaces in this area is 2
Area has no authentication
SPF algorithm executed 2773 times
Area ranges are
Number of LSA 17. Checksum Sum 0x686B5
Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x0
Number of DCbitless LSA 0
Number of indication LSA 0
Number of DoNotAge LSA 9
Flood list length 0
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Cisco Public
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Show IP OSPF interface brief

R12# show ip ospf interface brief
Interface
PID
Area
Lo0
1
0
Gi0/0
1
0
Lo91
1
1
Se2/0
1
1
BRKRST-3310
IP Address/Mask
172.16.1.20/32
11.11.11.1/24
91.91.91.91/32
172.17.17.1/30
Cisco Public
17
Cost
1
1
1
48
State
LOOP
DR
LOOP
P2P
Nbrs F/C
0/0
1/1
0/0
1/1
Show IP OSPF Database

R3# show ip ospf database
OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 1)
Link ID ADV Router

Age
Seq#
Checksum Link count
3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3
106
0x80000009 0xC3F1
3
...
Link ID ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
18.10.0.0 7.7.7.7
3 (DNA) 0x80000008 0x3DC2
18.10.0.0 8.8.8.8
1396
0x80000004 0x27D8
...
Link ID ADV Router

1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1
Age Seq#
671 0x80000016
...
BRKRST-3310
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Checksum Link count

0xE6CD
2
Show IP OSPF Database Database-Summary

R3# show ip ospf database database-summary
Area 0 database summary

LSA Type
Count
Router
6
Network
4
Summary Net
10
Summary ASBR
0
Type-7 Ext
0
Opaque Link
0
Opaque Area
0
Subtotal
20
Delete
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maxage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Area 1 database summary

LSA Type
Count Delete Maxage
Router
4
0
0
Network
1
0
0
Summary Net
10
0
0
Summary ASBR
4
0
0
...
BRKRST-3310
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Show IP OSPF Neighbor

R3# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri
1.1.1.1
1
2.2.2.2
1
4.4.4.4
1
6.6.6.6
1
R3#
State
FULL/DROTHER
FULL/DROTHER
FULL/DR
FULL/ -
Dead Time
00:00:33
00:00:32
00:00:39
00:00:38
4.4.4.4
DR
1.1.1.1
192.1.1.4
R4
/24
R1
2.2.2.2
Area 0
6.6.6.6
192.1.1.3
R3
R2
Address
192.1.1.1
192.1.1.2
192.1.1.4
18.10.0.6
8
2
18.10.0.4
192.1.4.0/24
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
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R6
Interface
FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/0
FastEthernet0/0
Serial0/0
Show IP OSPF Neighbor Detail

R3# show ip ospf neighbor detail
Neighbor 1.1.1.1, interface address 192.1.1.1
In the area 1 via interface FastEthernet0/0
Neighbor priority is 1, State is 2WAY, 2 state changes
DR is 192.1.1.4 BDR is 192.1.1.2
Options is 0x2
Dead timer due in 00:00:39
Neighbor is up for 00:06:30
Index 0/0, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
In the area 1 via interface FastEthernet0/0
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes
DR is 192.1.1.4 BDR is 192.1.1.2
Options is 0x42
Index 2/2, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
Show IP OSPF Interface

R3# show ip ospf interface
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet Address 192.1.1.3/24, Area 1
Process ID 1, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 1
Designated Router (ID) 4.4.4.4, Interface address 192.1.1.4
Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 192.1.1.2
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
Hello due in 00:00:03
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 5
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 3, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 (Backup Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 4.4.4.4 (Designated Router)
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
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Show IP OSPF Virtual-Links

R3# show ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link OSPF_VL0 to router 4.4.4.4 is up
Run as demand circuit
DoNotAge LSA allowed.
Transit area 1, via interface FastEthernet0/0, Cost of using 1
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40,
Retransmit 5
Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed)
Index 1/3, retransmission queue length 0, number of
retransmission 1
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
R3#
BRKRST-3310
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Show IP OSPF Stat Detail

R1# show ip ospf stat detail
OSPF process ID 1
-----------------------------------------Area 0: SPF algorithm executed 1 times
SPF 1 executed 1w0d ago, SPF type Full

SPF calculation time (in msec):
SPT Intra D-Intr Summ D-Summ Ext7 D-Ext7 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LSIDs processed R:1 N:0 Stub:1 SN:0 SA:0 X7:0
Change record R,
LSIDs changed 1
Last 10 LSIDs:
4.4.4.4(R)
Summary OSPF SPF statistic
SPF calculation time
Delta T Intra D-Intra Summ
1w0d
0
0
0
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
D-Summ Ext
0
0
24
D-Ext Total Reason

0
0
R,
Show IP OSPF Border-Routers

R3# show ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 4.4.4.4
i 4.4.4.4
i 8.8.8.8
i 7.7.7.7
BRKRST-3310
[1] via 192.1.1.4, FastEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 42

[1] via 192.1.1.4, FastEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 1, SPF 38
[10] via 18.10.0.6, Serial0/0, ABR/ASBR, Area 0, SPF 42
[17] via 192.1.1.4, FastEthernet0/0, ABR/ASBR, Area 0, SPF 42
Cisco Public
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Other Show Commands

R3# show ip ospf database self-originate
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3
1520
0x80000015 0xABFD
Link count

Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
192.1.1.0 3.3.3.3
1520
0x80000006
0x4E1A
192.1.2.0 3.3.3.3
1521
0x80000006
0x6103
...
BRKRST-3310
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3
1536
0x80000028 0x612D
Cisco Public
26
Checksum Link count

2
Other Show Commands (Cont.)

R3# show ip ospf database adv-router 7.7.7.7
Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
Link count
7.7.7.7
7.7.7.7
871(DNA)
0x8000000D
0x8FE2

Link ID
ADV Router
Age
Seq#
Checksum
20.10.0.0
7.7.7.7
871 (DNA)
0x8000000A
0x39C4
Age
Seq#
Checksum
1944
0x80000004
0x3759
Type-5 AS External Link States

Link ID
ADV Router
140.100.0.0 7.7.7.7
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Tag
Look for input queue drops in show interface

R33# show interface gig0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 33.33.33.2/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1000000 Kbit/sec, DLY 10 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Keepalive set (10 sec)
Full Duplex, 1Gbps, link type is auto, media type is T
output flow-control is XON, input flow-control is XON
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 5/75/1032/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
30 second input rate 7259000 bits/sec, 602 packets/sec
30 second output rate 7258000 bits/sec, 602 packets/sec
771310 packets input, 149868367 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 740151 broadcasts
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Try to inspect traffic in the input queue if you see

input queue drops incrementing
Malicious traffic destined for the interface of the router can cause legitimate OSPF
traffic to be dropped
R33# show buffer input-interface gig0/0 header

Buffer information for Big buffer at 0x2A5BEBF4
data_area 0xC49ED84, refcount 1, next 0x402CBA18, flags 0xA80
linktype 7 (IP), enctype 1 (ARPA), encsize 14, rxtype 1
if_input 0x401620E0 (GigabitEthernet0/0), if_output 0x0 (None)
inputtime 16w2d (elapsed 00:00:00.004)
outputtime 00:00:00.000 (elapsed never), oqnumber 65535
datagramstart 0xC49EDCA, datagramsize 1514, maximum size 1692
mac_start 0xC49EDCA, addr_start 0xC49EDCA, info_start 0x0
network_start 0xC49EDD8, transport_start 0xC49EDEC, caller_pc 0x211295A4
source: 33.33.33.1, destination: 33.33.33.2, id: 0x370F, ttl: 255, prot: 1
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Use extended pings to verify link integrity

Neighbor ID
172.23.192.241
Pri
1
State
FULL/DR
Dead Time
00:00:38
R11# ping
Target IP address: 3.3.3.1
Repeat count [5]: 1
Extended commands [n]: y
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: y
Validate reply data? [no]: y
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[V]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]: y
Sweep min size [36]:
Sweep max size [18024]: 1500
Sweep interval [1]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1465, [36..1500]-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with the DF bit set
Reply data will be validated
Reply to request 0 (4 ms) (size 36)
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Address
3.3.3.1
Interface
GigabitEthernet0/1
Common Issues
Common things that can go wrong
Common Issues
Adjacency is not coming up
OSPF neighbor stuck in ? State
Information is in the database but not in the routing table
SPF running constantly

NSSA ABR not translating Type 7 LSA
GRE Tunnel OSPF adjacency is flapping
BRKRST-3310
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Adjacency Is Not Coming Up

Useful commands to troubleshoot this problem:
Show IP OSPF neighbor
Show IP OSPF interface
Debug IP OSPF adjacency
BRKRST-3310
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33

Layer 2 is down
R3#
R3#show ip ospf interface serial 2

Serial2 is down, line protocol is down
Process ID 1, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT,
Cost: 64
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DOWN,
BRKRST-3310
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34

OSPF not enabled on the interface
R3#
R3# show ip ospf interface serial 2
Serial2 is up, line protocol is up
OSPF not enabled on this interface
In more recent IOS, we see:
%OSPF: OSPF not enabled on serial 2
Tip: Check for the wrong network statement; re-enter the network
statement
BRKRST-3310
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Interface is defined as passive
R3#
R3# show ip ospf interface e0
Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
Process ID 1, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type BROADCAST,
Cost: 10
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
No backup designated router on this network
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40,
Retransmit 5
No Hellos (Passive interface)
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Mismatched subnet mask

R3#
R3# debug ip ospf adjacency

OSPF adjacency events debugging is on
R3#
OSPF: Mismatched hello parameters from 192.1.1.4
Dead R 40 C 40, Hello R 10 C 10 Mask R 255.255.255.192 C 255.255.255.0
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Mismatched hello/dead interval
R3#

R3#
OSPF: Mismatched hello parameters from 192.1.1.4
Dead R 40 C 40, Hello R 15 C 10 Mask R 255.255.255.0 C
255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#interface ethernet 0
R4(config-if)#no ip ospf hello-interval 15
Tip: Default is 10 seconds on LAN

BRKRST-3310
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Mismatched authentication key
R3#
R3#
OSPF: Rcv pkt from 192.1.1.4, Ethernet0 : Mismatch Authentication Key ClearText
Tip: Watch for the space at the end of the authentication key
Be sure encryption Type matches (i.e. MD5, ClearText)
BRKRST-3310
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Mismatched area ID
R3#
Scenario 1 - Neighbor is in Area 2, but we are in Area 1:
OSPF: Rcv pkt from 192.1.1.4, Ethernet0, area 0.0.0.1 mismatch area 0.0.0.2 in
the header
Scenario 2 - Neighbor is in Area 0, but we are not:
%OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from

backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 192.1.1.4, Ethernet0
BRKRST-3310
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Mismatched transit/stub/NSSA option
7.7.7.7
18.10.0.1
Area 2
R7
18.10.0.2
8.8.8.8
Area 2
NSSA
R8

R7#

OSPF: Hello from 18.10.0.2 with mismatched Stub/Transit area option bit
BRKRST-3310
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Options
Normal area: OSPF: Send DBD to 141.108.97.1 on Serial0 seq 0xBC4 opt 0x2 flag 0x3 len 492
E bit is 1, Allow externals, option: 0x2(HEX) = 00000010(Bin)
Stub area: OSPF: Send DBD to 141.108.97.1 on Serial0 seq 0x1866 opt 0x0 flag 0x3 len 372
E bit is 0, no external allowed, options: 0x0 = 00000000
NSSA: OSPF: Send DBD to 141.108.97.1 on Serial0 seq 0x118 opt 0x8 flag 0x3 len 372
N/P bit is on, options: 0x8 = 00001000
DC: OSPF: Send DBD to 141.108.97.1 on Serial0 seq 0x1A1E opt 0x20 flag 0x3 len 392
DC bit is negotiated, options: 0x20 = 00100000
*
BRKRST-3310
DC
Cisco Public
EA
N/P
42
MC
OSPF Neighbor Stuck In ? State

Useful commands for troubleshooting this problem:
Show IP OSPF neighbor
Debug IP OSPF adjacency
BRKRST-3310
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OSPF Adjacency States

ATTEMPT
INIT
2-WAY
EXSTART
3.3.3.3
6.6.6.6
R3
R6
EXCHANGE
LOADING
FULL
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
44
Stuck In ATTEMPT
3.3.3.3
6.6.6.6
NBMA
R3
R6
Hello
RID =3.3.3.3
Hello
RID =6.6.6.6
N = 3.3.3.3
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Stuck In ATTEMPT
Reasons:
Our hellos are getting lost in NBMA cloud
Neighbor hellos are getting lost in NBMA cloud

We received neighbors hello but reject it for some reason
Misconfigured neighbor statement

Broken Unicast
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
46
Stuck In INIT
1.1.1.1
2.2.2.2
R1
R2
Hello
RID =1.1.1.1
Hello
RID =2.2.2.2
Hello
RID =1.1.1.1
N =2.2.2.2
Hello
RID =2.2.2.2
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
47
Stuck In INIT
Reasons:
One side is blocking the hello packet with access-list
One side is translating (NAT) OSPF hello
One side multicast capability is broken (Layer 2)
Dialer map or Frame Relay map is missing keyword broadcast
LLS capability issue when Cisco IOS is upgraded
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
48
Verify IP Multicast control plane is working

We want to see a reply from the remote OSPF interface when we ping 224.0.0.5:
Neighbor ID
Pri
State
172.16.1.23
1
FULL/DR
Dead Time
00:00:33
Address
31.31.31.1
R11# ping 224.0.0.5

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.0.0.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
Reply to request 0 from 31.31.31.1, 1 ms
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Cisco Public
49
Interface
GigabitEthernet0/1
Stuck In 2-WAY
1.1.1.1
2.2.2.2
R1
R2
Hello
RID =1.1.1.1 P=0
Hello
RID =2.2.2.2 P=0
N =1.1.1.1
Hello
RID =1.1.1.1 P=0
N =2.2.2.2
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
50
Stuck In 2-WAY
Reasons:
This is normal in broadcast network types
This is to reduce the amount of flooding on the wire

Problem can happen if all the routers are configured with priority equal to 0
Only low-end routers should be configured with priority 0 so they dont
participate in DR election
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
51
Stuck In EXSTART/EXCHANGE
3.3.3.3
R3
6.6.6.6
R6
Hello
RID =3.3.3.3
Hello
RID =6.6.6.6
N =3.3.3.3
DBD
MTU = 1500 flag = 0x7
Seq = 1E55
DBD
MTU = 1500 flag = 0x7
Seq = 22AB
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52
Useful in debugging, defines I, M and MS bits
OSPF: Send DBD to 141.108.97.1 on Serial0 seq 0xBC4 opt 0x2 flag 0x3
len 492
Flag 0x7 --> 111 means I(Initial) = 1, M = 1(More), MS = 1(Master)
Flag 0x6 --> 110 not possible
Flag 0x3 --> 011 means master has more data to send
Flag 0x2 --> 010 means slave has more data to send
Flag 0x1 --> 001 means master has no more data left to send
Flag 0x0 --> 000 means slave has no more data left to send
0
BRKRST-3310
0
Cisco Public
0
53
MS
Reasons:
MTU mismatchEXCHANGE on one router and EXSTART on the other
Neighbor RID is same as oursEXSTART
- can configure ip ospf mtu-ignore
Note: If Cisco IOS is > 12.0.7, it displays msg: %OSPF-3-DUP_RTRID and OSPF
neighbor list will be empty
Unicast is brokenEXCHANGE
1. Wrong VC/DLCi mapping in frame/ATM environment in highly redundant network
2. MTU problem, cant ping across with more than certain
length packet
3. Access-list blocking unicast; after two-way OSPF send unicast packet except p2p
links
4. NAT is translating unicast packet
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
54
Stuck In LOADING
3.3.3.3
6.6.6.6
R3
R6
LS Req
LS Type
Link State ID
Advertising Router
LS Update
# LSAs
LSAs
...
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55
Stuck In LOADING
Reasons:
LS request is being made and neighbor is sending bad packet or memory

corruption exists
a. Do show IP OSPF bad to see bad LSA
b. Show log will show OSPF-4-BADLSATYPE message
LS request is being made and neighbor is ignoring the request
MTU mismatch problem (RFC 1583 and 2178 compatibility issue)
CSCee23634. OSPF should detect if the neighbor MTU is smaller than ours.
Fixed in more recent IOS
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56
Information is in the OSPF DB but not in the RT

Useful Commands for This Problem:
Show IP OSPF interface <interface>

Show IP OSPF database <x>
Where x can be router, network, summary, summary-asbr, external, NSSA
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
57

Mismatched Network Types
3.3.3.3
Area 0
6.6.6.6
R3
18.10.0.4/30
R6

Neighbor ID
6.6.6.6
Pri State
1
FULL/ -
Dead Time Address

00:00:30
18.0.0.6
Interface
Serial0

Process ID 1, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64

BRKRST-3310
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58

Mismatched Network Types (Cont.)
R3# show ip ospf database router 3.3.3.3
...
Link ID = 6.6.6.6
Router id of the neighbor
Link Data = 18.10.0.5
IP interface address
Type = 1
This is a point-to-point link
# TOS metrics = 0
metric = 8
...
...
Link ID = 18.10.0.6
IP address of the DR
Link Data = 18.10.0.6
Interface address
Type = 2
This is a transit link
# TOS metrics = 0
metric = 8
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
59
3.3.3.3
Area 0
R3
18.10.0.4/30
6.6.6.6
R6

Different IP Subnet on P2P Links
3.3.3.3
R3
Area 0
19.10.0.5/30

Neighbor ID
6.6.6.6
Pri
1
State
FULL/ -
Dead Time
00:00:30
Address
18.0.0.6
R3# show interface serial 0

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Interface
Serial0
18.10.0.6/30
6.6.6.6
R6

Different IP Subnet on P2P Links (Cont.)
...
Link ID = 6.6.6.6
Link Data = 19.10.0.5
Interface address
Type = 1
# TOS metrics = 0
metric = 8
3.3.3.3
6.6.6.6
Area 0
...
R3 19.10.0.5/30 18.10.0.6/30 R6
...
Link ID = 3.3.3.3
Link Data = 18.10.0.6
Interface address
Type = 1
# TOS metrics = 0
metric = 8
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61

More recent IOS has a same network verification check for point-to-point
numbered interfaces (see next slide for more details)
3.3.3.3
R3

R3#

R3#
OSPF: Rcv pkt from 18.10.0.6, Serial0, area 0.0.0.0 :
src not on the same network
BRKRST-3310
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62
Area 0
19.10.0.5/30
18.10.0.6/30
6.6.6.6
R6
More recent IOS has a network verification check

Feature Enhancement CSCdp51090
Release-note:
On numbered point-to-point OSPF interfaces, OSPF is able to form a full adjacency
even if neighbor's address is out of local subnet.
Prior to this enhancement:
On a Point-to-Point numbered OSPF interface, OSPF does not check the source address
upon receiving hello packet for consistency with address/mask of local interface. As a
result, OSPF adjacency will go to full state even if the neighbor is misconfigured with an
address out of its local subnet. Even though basic IP connectivity (ping) with the neighbor
is broken, OSPF is still able to form full adjacency. But, OSPF routes will not go into RT.
Behavior of code with this enhancement implemented:
OSPF adjacency will not form if both sides of the numbered point-to-point link are not
in the same subnet. Instead, an error message like this will be printed:
OSPF: Rcv pkt from 18.10.0.6, Serial0, area 0.0.0.0 : src not on the same network
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
63

Address Flipped on Dual Links
Area 0
3.3.3.3
S0
S1
R3
6.6.6.6
18.10.0.4/30
18.10.0.20/30
R6

Neighbor ID
6.6.6.6
6.6.6.6
Pri
1
1
State
FULL/ FULL/ -
Dead Time
00:00:30
00:00:33
Address
18.10.0.6
18.10.0.22
Interface
Serial0
Serial1

* Fix for CSCdp51090 will now prevent this issue. Neither OSPF neighbor would form.
BRKRST-3310
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64

Discontiguous Backbone
Summary
LSA
Summary
LSA
Area 0
Area 0
Area 0
R1
Area 1
ABR1
ABR2
R2
R1 and R2 are not be able to see each other
Summary LSA for inter-area routes must not be generated into

the backbone
The solution is to create virtual link between ABR1 and ABR2
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
65
SPF Running Constantly

Useful commands for troubleshooting this problem:
Show IP OSPF stat detail
Show IP OSPF database
Show IP OSPF neighbor <interface> detail
BRKRST-3310
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66

Reasons:
LSA Flaps Due To:
Duplicate Router ID/IP address
Constant link flapping in an area
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67

R1# show ip ospf stat detail
OSPF process ID 1
-----------------------------------------Area 0: SPF algorithm executed 1 times
SPF 1 executed 1w0d ago, SPF type Full
SPF calculation time (in msec):
SPT Intra D-Intr Summ D-Summ Ext7 D-Ext7 Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
LSIDs processed R:1 N:0 Stub:1 SN:0 SA:0 X7:0
Change record R,
LSIDs changed 1
Last 10 LSIDs:
4.4.4.4(R)
Summary OSPF SPF statistic
SPF calculation time
Delta T Intra D-Intra Summ
1w0d
0
0
0
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
D-Summ Ext
0
0
68
D-Ext Total Reason

0
0
R,
R3# debug ip ospf monitor

OSPF: Schedule SPF in area 1
Change in LS ID 1.1.1.1, LSA type R,
OSPF: schedule SPF: spf_time 0ms wait_interval 861421816s
OSPF: Begin SPF at 0x33585480ms, process time 752ms
spf_time 0ms, wait_interval 861421816s
OSPF: End SPF at 0x33585488ms, Total elapsed time 8ms
Intra: 4ms, Inter: 0ms, External: 0ms
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69

R3# show ip ospf database
Link ID
3.3.3.3
...
ADV Router
3.3.3.3
Age
106
Seq#
0x80000009
Checksum
0xC3F1
Link count
3

Link ID
ADV Router
Age
18.10.0.0 7.7.7.7
3 (DNA)
18.10.0.0 8.8.8.8
1396
...
Seq#
0x80000008
0x80000004
Checksum
0x3DC2
0x27D8
Link ID
1.1.1.1
Seq#
0x80000016
Checksum
0xE6CD
ADV Router
1.1.1.1
Age
2
...
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Link count
2

R3# show ip ospf neighbor gig0/1 detail
In the area 0 via interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes
DR is 3.3.3.2 BDR is 3.3.3.1
Options is 0x12 in Hello (E-bit, L-bit)
Options is 0x52 in DBD (E-bit, L-bit, O-bit)
LLS Options is 0x1 (LR)
Index 1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of
retransmission 0
First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
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71
NSSA ABR Not Translating Type 7 LSA

Only the NSSA ABR with the highest RID does the conversion
NSSA
ASBR
Type 7
Area 1
NSSA
router ospf 1
network 10.10.10.10 0.0.0.0 area 0
RID: 7.7.7.7
NSSA
ABR
No Type 7/5 Translation
R8 RID: 8.8.8.8
Type 75 Conversion
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
Area 0
72
NSSA ABR Not Translating Type 7 LSA

Only NSSA ABR with the highest RID does the conversion
NSSA
ASBR
Type 7
Area 1
NSSA
router ospf 1
network 10.10.10.10 0.0.0.0 area 0
RID: 7.7.7.7
NSSA
ABR
Type 75 Conversion
R8 RID: 8.8.8.8
NSSA
ABR
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Area 0
73
New NSSA command to select NSSA translator

In 15.2T and 15.2M IOS, you can now hardcode an NSSA LSA Translator:
R7(config)#router ospf 1
R7(config-router)#area 1 nssa translate type7 always
NSSA
ASBR
Type 7
Area 1
NSSA
RID: 7.7.7.7
NSSA
ABR
Type 75 Conversion
R8 RID: 8.8.8.8
R9 RID:
NSSA
9.9.9.9
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
Area 0
74
ABR
GRE Tunnel OSPF Adjacency is going up and down

GRE Tunnel destination must not be learned via the Tunnel !
1.1.1.1
Area 0
1.1.1.2
2.2.2.1
2.2.2.2
Area 0
Area 0
Area 0
R2
R1
R1# show run interface tunnel1

interface Tunnel1
ip address 7.7.7.1 255.255.255.252
ip ospf cost 1
tunnel source GigabitEthernet0/0
tunnel destination 2.2.2.2
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R3
Tunnel destination learned via Tunnel tears down

the Tunnel and the OSPF neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri
State
3.3.3.3
0
FULL/ -
Dead Time
00:00:39
Address
7.7.7.2
Interface
Tunnel1
R1# sh ip route | incl Tunnel1

O
2.2.2.0 [110/11] via 7.7.7.2, 00:00:01, Tunnel1
*May 15 18:00:26.375: %TUN-5-RECURDOWN: Tunnel1 temporarily disabled due to
recursive routing
*May 15 18:00:26.375: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 7.7.7.2 on Tunnel1 from FULL to
DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
*May 15 18:00:26.379: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel1,
changed state to down
BRKRST-3310
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76
Cisco NX-OS
OSPF on the Nexus Platforms
Feature OSPF
OSPF command-line interface (CLI) configuration and verification commands are not
available until you enable the OSPF feature with the feature ospf command.
Nexus(config)# feature ospf
The OSPF protocol requires the Enterprise Services license.

If you remove the feature ospf command, all relevant OSPF configuration information is
also removed.
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Quick view of ospf config

Nexus# show run ospf
version 6.1(3)
feature ospf
router ospf 100
router-id 5.5.5.5
log-adjacency-changes detail
auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100 Gbps
interface Ethernet5/2
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
interface Ethernet5/3
ip router ospf 100 area 0.0.0.0
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79
show ip route command has different look

Nexus# show ip route
IP Route Table for VRF "default
'*' denotes best ucast next-hop
'**' denotes best mcast next-hop
'[x/y]' denotes [preference/metric]
1.1.1.1/32, ubest/mbest: 1/0
*via 9.9.9.2, Eth1/1, [110/41], 08:03:05, ospf-100, inter0
5.5.5.5/32, ubest/mbest: 1/0
*via 9.9.9.2, Eth1/1, [110/41], 05:43:23, ospf-100, intra
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80
OSPF event-history feature

Nexus# show ip ospf event-history ?
adjacency
cli
event
flooding
ha
lsa
msgs
redistribution
spf
statistics
BRKRST-3310
Adjacency formation logs

Cli logs
Internal event logs
LSA flooding logs
HA and GR logs
LSA generation and database logs
IPC logs
Redistribution logs
SPF calculation logs
Show the state and size of the buffers
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81
Show tech ospf

Nexus# show tech-support ospf > show-tech-ospf
This will save a show tech-support ospf to a file on the flash called show-tech-ospf
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Cisco IOS-XR
OSPF on the IOS-XR Platforms
Cisco IOS-XR Comparison to IOS OSPF

IOS-XR introduces a hierarchical CLI for ease of configuration
IOS-XR uses CLI inheritance to simplify configuration
Interface specific parameters are now configured under the area portion of the
OSPF configuration
Show command CLI no longer uses the IP prefix. Example: show IP OSPF
neighbor becomes show OSPF neighbor
BRKRST-3310
Cisco Public
84
IOS-XR Quick view of OSPF config

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show run router ospf
router ospf 1
nsr
log adjacency changes detail
router-id 172.31.1.20
bfd minimum-interval 150
bfd fast-detect
bfd multiplier 8
auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000
area 0
interface Loopback0
!
interface TenGigE0/0/0/0
authentication message-digest
message-digest-key 1 md5 encrypted B705450B102
!
authentication message-digest
message-digest-key 1 md5 encrypted B705450B102
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85
IOS-XR Show Commands

IOS-XR show commands are very similar to IOS
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ospf database ?
BRKRST-3310
adv-router
Advertising Router link states
asbr-summary
ASBR summary link states
database-summary
Summary of database
external
External link states
network
Network link states
nssa-external
NSSA External link states
router
Router link states
self-originate
Self-originated link states
summary
Network summary link states
Cisco Public
86

Be aware of MTU versus MTU available to IP
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show run interface ten0/1/0/0
mtu 1560
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ip interface ten0/1/0/0
Sun Mar 23 14:05:04.278 EDT

TenGigE0/1/0/0 is Up, ipv4 protocol is Up
Vrf is default (vrfid 0x60000000)

MTU is 1560 (1546 is available to IP)
Multicast reserved groups joined:
224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6
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87
Watch for MTU mismatch

In Cisco IOS software, the mtu command and the corresponding show
commands do not include the L2 header.
This is different from Cisco IOS XR software, where the mtu command includes
the L2 header (14 bytes for Ethernet or 4 bytes for PPP/HDLC).
If a Cisco IOS router is configured with mtu x and is connected to a Cisco IOS
XR router, then the corresponding interface on the Cisco IOS XR router should
be configured with mtu x+14 for Ethernet interfaces, or mtu x+4 for serial
interfaces.
On Ethernet Media with IOS-XR, default is MTU 1514 and 1500 available to IP
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88

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ospf interface ten0/1/0/0
TenGigE0/1/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DROTHER, Priority 1, MTU 1546, MaxPktSz 1546
BFD enabled, BFD interval 150 msec, BFD multiplier 8
Backup Designated router (ID) 172.31.1.102, Interface address 172.31.16.225
Neighbor Count is 17, Adjacent neighbor count is 2
Adjacent with neighbor 172.31.1.102 (Backup Designated Router)
Adjacent with neighbor 172.31.1.113 (Designated Router)
Message digest authentication enabled
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RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ospf our-address
Local Address Database for ospf 1 with ID 172.31.1.20
BRKRST-3310
172.31.1.20
Loopback0
172.31.16.207
TenGigE0/0/0/0
172.31.16.239
TenGigE0/1/0/0
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90

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ospf interface brief
Interfaces for OSPF 1
Interface
PID
Area
IP Address/Mask
Cost
State
Nbrs F/C
Lo0
172.31.1.20/32
LOOP
0/0
Te0/0/0/0
172.31.16.207/27
DROTH
2/18
Te0/1/0/0
172.31.16.239/27
DROTH
2/17
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IOS-XR Troubleshooting Using Trace

IOS-XR incorporates a built-in debug called trace
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show ospf trace
BRKRST-3310
Trace Name
Size
Count
1. adj
8192
2963
adjacency
2. adj_cycle
8192
72484
dbd/flood events/pkts
3. config
2048
204
config events
4. errors
8192
1017
errors
5. events
4096
300
mda/rtrid/bfd/vrf
6. ha
8192
309
startup/HA/NSF
7. hello
2048
2852464
hello events/pkts
8. idb
8192
862
interface
9. pkt
2048
1453478
I/O packets
10. rib
8192
1927
rib batching
11. spf
8192
8848
spf/topology
Description
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IOS-XR Troubleshooting Using Trace (Cont.)

IOS-XR incorporates a built-in debug called trace
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# sh ospf trace ?

WORD name of trace buffer
all Dump all traces -- suggest redirecting to file
|
Output Modifiers
<cr>
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IOS-XR Troubleshooting Using Trace (Cont.)

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:9K-Router# sh ospf trace idb 5
Tue Apr 15 23:14:12.289 EDT
Traces for OSPF 1 (Tue Apr 15 23:14:12)
Traces returned/requested/available: 5/5/3233
Trace buffer: idb
Apr 12 22:38:25.728* ospf_elect_bdr: intf Te0/0/0/0 172.31.1.13(172.31.16.198)
Apr 12 22:38:25.728* ospf_elect_dr: intf Te0/0/0/0 172.31.1.113(172.31.16.194)
Apr 12 22:38:25.728* ospf_choose_dr:
intf Te0/0/0/0 new DR: 172.31.1.113(172.31.16.194)
Apr 12 22:38:25.728* ospf_choose_dr:
intf Te0/0/0/0 new BDR: 172.31.1.13(172.31.16.198)
Apr 12 22:38:25.784* ospf_build_rtr_lsa: no change in router LSA, area 0.0.0.0 rtrid 172.31.1.20
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IOS-XR Troubleshooting Show Tech
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:9K-Router# show tech routing ospf
Output is extensive. Use the file keyword to save data on local media.
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95
Troubleshooting Enhancements
Debugging made easier
Interface Scoped Debugging

Enhancement in limiting the OSPF debug output to selected interfaces
Example below will generate debug output for only two interfaces specified
below
debug condition interface Ethernet 0/0
debug condition interface Ethernet 1/0
debug ip ospf hello
debug ip ospf adjacency
Available starting in: 12.4(4)T, 12.2(30)S, 12.0(32)S
debug ip ospf flood
Further enhancement to allow an access-list filter, and a detail option
Available starting in: 12.4(4)T, 12.2(30)S, 12.0(32)S
debug ip ospf packet
Available starting in: 12.4(10), 12.2(33)SXH, 12.2(33)SRB
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OSPF Event Logging Feature

Built in ospf event history logging
R5# sh ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 5.5.5.5
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Supports area transit capability
Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
Enabled by default
Available in 15.x IOS code and later
Can be tuned using event-log keyword under OSPF process
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OSPF Event Logging Feature cont.

Built in ospf event history logging
R5# sh ip ospf event ?
generic
Generic Events
interface
Interface State Change Events
lsa
LSA Arrival and LSA Generation Events
neighbor
Neighbor State Change Events
reverse
Show Events in Reverse Order
rib
RIB Update, Delete and Redistribution Events
spf
SPF Scheduling and SPF Run Events
Output modifiers
<cr>
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OSPF Event Logging Feature cont.

R1# sh ip ospf event interface
22
72
96
*May 15 19:26:26.114: Interface Tunnel1 state changes from POINT_TO_POINT to DOWN

*May 15 19:26:06.114: Interface Tunnel1 state changes from DOWN to POINT_TO_POINT
*May 15 19:25:05.998: Interface Tunnel1 state changes from POINT_TO_POINT to DOWN
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Show tech-support ospf (for IOS)
R1# show tech-support ospf detail | redirect flash:show-tech-ospf
In the example above, the output from the show tech-support ospf detail would be saved to
a file in flash called show-tech-ospf
To see the contents of the file, you can either copy the file up to a TFTP server or do this:
R1# term len 0
R1# more flash:show-tech-ospf
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Summary
What Have We Learned?
Overview of OSPF LSAs
Different troubleshooting commands and what to look for in those commands
Common issues in OSPF networks; e.g., adjacency problems, information in the
database but not in RT, SPF problems and NSSA problems and how to correct
those problems
OSPF on Other Platforms
OSPF Troubleshooting Enhancements
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Complete Your Online Session Evaluation

Give us your feedback and you
could win fabulous prizes. Winners
announced daily.
Complete your session evaluation
through the Cisco Live mobile app
or visit one of the interactive kiosks
located throughout the convention
center.
Dont forget: Cisco Live sessions will be available
for viewing on-demand after the event at
CiscoLive.com/Online
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Continue Your Education

Demos in the Cisco Campus
Walk-in Self-Paced Labs
Table Topics
Meet the Engineer 1:1 meetings
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More Information
White Papers
Web and Mailers
Cisco Press
CCO OSPF Page:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/tk480/tsd_technology_support_sub-protocol_home.html
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OSPF Troubleshooting

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Troubleshooting OSPF

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

LSA Type Review

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Router LSA of R3 for Area 1

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Router LSA of R3 for Area 0 (Cont.)

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Router Link Types Summary

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Network LSA for 192.1.1.0

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Show IP OSPF interface brief

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Show IP OSPF Database

Link ID ADV Router

Link ID ADV Router

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Checksum Link count

Show IP OSPF Database Database-Summary

Area 0 database summary

Area 1 database summary

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Show IP OSPF Neighbor

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Show IP OSPF Neighbor Detail

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Show IP OSPF Interface

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Show IP OSPF Virtual-Links

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Show IP OSPF Stat Detail

SPF 1 executed 1w0d ago, SPF type Full

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D-Ext Total Reason

Show IP OSPF Border-Routers

[1] via 192.1.1.4, FastEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 42

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Other Show Commands

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

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Checksum Link count

Other Show Commands (Cont.)

Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

Type-5 AS External Link States

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Look for input queue drops in show interface

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Try to inspect traffic in the input queue if you see

R33# show buffer input-interface gig0/0 header

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Use extended pings to verify link integrity

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

SPF running constantly

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Adjacency Is Not Coming Up

2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Adjacency Is Not Coming Up