1.

Comparison between R-134a &R-404A

2. The difference between R134A and R22

Refrigerant R134a and the refrigerant R22 in use with the following differences and
characteristics:
1, R134A, thermal conductivity than that of R22 is decreased by 10%, so the heat transfer
area of the heat exchanger of the R134A units need more, Of HFCs class refrigerant R134A such
as its special lipid oil price is higher than the R22, the higher the cost of operation and
maintenance of the equipment.
2.R134A absorbent strong, which is 20 times faster than the R22, so the higher the dryer unit
system requirements to avoid the phenomenon of ice blocking.
3.R134A global warming potential (GWP) of 0.25, R22 0.36, belong to the same greenhouse gas.
4.R134A ozone-depleting potential (ODP) of 0,
R22 0.06 This is the R134A become environmentally friendly refrigerant reason.
5.R134a hematocrit is 1.47 times of the R22, and the latent heat of
evaporation is small, R134A units refrigerating capacity is only 60% of the R22 cryogenic
refrigeration unit.
6.The cooling
capacity by unit prices, the the R22 unit price approximately 60% of the units R134A.
7, R134A than R22 strong swelling effect of the rubber-like substance, the higher
rate of refrigerant leakage in the actual operation. Inaddition, copper corrosive, will

occur in the use of the process the "copper plating phenomenon", the system must increase
the additive.
8, the 1344A system requires a dedicated compressor and a dedicated lipids lubricants, lipids
and lubricants having a high water-absorbent, high foaming and high
diffusivity, the stability of the performance of the system is inferior to R22 are used mineral oil.
In summary, the ideal refrigerant in the short term does not exist in our country at this
stage R22 refrigerant R134A environmentally friendly refrigerants, still
has the efficient, stable, inexpensive, large refrigeration units aspects will also be in a
dominant position, but before that, R22 refrigerant will continue to be used.
3.a)Reciprocating piston compressor
Pros:

Relatively cheap

Easy maintenance (easy to understand the inner working)

Suitable for high pressures

Cons:

Very noisy! You really need to put this type of compressor in a sound-isolating box or in
it's own room.

High outlet temperature of compressed air

High oil content in air piping.

b)Rotary screw compressor (oil-injected or oil-free)

Pros:

Low noise level. You can just put in in your workshop without wearing ear-protection.

These are the work-horses of the compressors and can supply a large amount of
compressed air.

Good energy-efficiency compared to piston-type compressors

Relatively low end temperature of compressed air

Possible to use energy recovery

Cons:

Purchase price is much higher than piston-type compressors

More complex design, good maintenance very important.

Minimal air use (per day/week) is required to prevent water condensate forming (will
create a lot of problems with rust!)

c)Scroll compressor
Pros:

Very quiet. Really very quiet!

Compact. A scroll compressor is very small.

Simple design, not so many parts

Low maintenance (hardly any)

Oil-free design

Cons:

Low capacity (flow, liters/minute or cfpm).

Relatively expensive

When the scroll-element fails, there's a very big chance you just have to buy a whole new
element.

The compressed air gets very hot! Much hotter than compared to other types of
compressors

The induced draft cooling tower generally offers the most effective and economical solution to
most of cooling needs. Hamon has supplied numerous IDCT worldwide for all power and
industry applications and all environmental conditions. The IDCT offers the following
advantages:

flexibility

cost effectiveness

air flow almost constant regardless ambient air temperature

adapted to any water flow

flexible operation by shutting some cells

adapted to severe thermal performance

all types of structure wood, FRP, concrete, steel

all types of heat exchange surfaces from splash grids to high performance film

ECONOMICAL DESIGN TAKING FOLLOWING FEATURES INTO ACCOUNT

water quality

air environment (chemicals, dust)

noise and plume limitation

available plot area

local labor costs

Hamon can advise you on how to limit the effect of your tower on the environment in the field of :

performance

drift losses

noise level

prevention of legionella

References: more than 6000 induced draft cooling towers worldwide

At first all praises belongs to almighty Allah, the most graceful and the most merciful. This
dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals
who in the way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation
and completion of this study.

The authors are cordially indebted to respected supervisor Professor Dr. Mohammad Ali,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,
whose help, simulating suggestions and encouragement helped in our experimental research and
study.

The authors are grateful to Department Library and Central Library of Bangladesh University of
Engineering and Technology for providing access to a wide range of database.

The authors would like to thank deeply to the Instrumentation and Measurement Lab, Fluid Lab
and Heat Engine Lab of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology for their constant
help in developing setup and providing test environment.

The authors would also like to thank the Carpentry Shop, Machine Shop and Foundry Shop for
their continuous help and dedication to work.

In particular, our special thanks to colleagues and others who have provided assistance at
various occasions. Unfortunately, it is not possible to list all of them in this limited space. Last
but not the least a special thanks to our parents and other family members for their continuous
support while completing the thesis.