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in India.
2) Legislative members were empowoerd to discuss the budget and the principl
e of election of albeit indirect was introduced.
-> Indian council Act(Morley-Minto Reforms) 1909
1) Imperial Legislative Council was again reconstituted, official members we
re to be in majority than the non-official and functions enhanced
2) took India to road of self governmenet
3) powers and functions of the legislative and provinical council was enlarg
ed and separate electorad for th muslim were created for the mulims
4) Rise of communal politics in india
-> Government of India Act 1919
1) Act aimed at establishing a responsible government in India with increasi
ng association of Indians
2) Central legislative was made more represntative and influential
-> Government of India Act 1935
1) Basis for the establishmnt of the political system and constitution in In
dia
2) establishmnt of All India Federation comprising the British India and oth
er desireous to join it
3) Dyrachy form of the government was introduced at centre
4) provinces were given greater autonomy
5) Established federal court with originial, appellate and advisory jurisdic
tion
6) Limited franchise in 6th schedule ( excluded peasants, traders by imposin
g taxes, property and educational qualification)
-> Cripps Mission
1) offered Dominion status with other reforms but rejected
-> Cabinet Mission plan 1942 ( Lord Pethic Lawrence, Strafford Cripps, Mr. Alexa
nder)
1) Union of India embodying both British India and the States except a few
, all subjects were to be retained by the states.
2) Paramountct was to lapse and constituent assembly was to be elected.
3) Setup of Interim Government having support of major political parties
4) accepted in 1946
-> Indian Independence Act 1947
1) Creation of two dominian India and Pakistan
2) each will have governor general
->Basic Aims and Objectives of constitution
1) find their expression in the objectives resolution approved by constitunet
Assembly on Jan 22 1947
Objectives :
1) India to be independent and sovereign republic
2) democratic goverment union with equal level of self-government in all the
constituent parts
3) all power and authority of government derived from the people
4) constitution must strive to gurantee to the people justise based on equali
ty (social,political,economic) equality before law and opportunity
5) there should be freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship sub
ject to law and public morality
6) constitution should provide rights for minorities, depressed classes and b
ackward areas to ensure justice
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to local conditions
Rajasthan was the 1st state to establish Panchayati Raj
Tier variation and power variation in various state implementation of pachay
raj
Nyaya Panchayat to try petty civil and criminal cases.