Nuclear Reactor Power Regulator

(Design of Control Rod Drive Mechanism for Nuclear Power Plant)

Shehzad Latif

2007-EE-48

Shahzad Ali Gill

2007-EE-28

Muhammad Sabir

2007-EE-33

Department of Electrical Engineering

University College of Engineering & Technology
Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan

Nuclear Reactor Power Regulator

(Design of Control Rod Drive Mechanism for Nuclear Power Plant)

Shehzad Latif

2007-EE-48

Shahzad Ali Gill

2007-EE-28

Muhammad Sabir

2007-EE-33

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

B.Sc. Electrical Engineering
at the faculty of Engineering & Technology,
Bahauddin Zakariya University,
Multan

ABSTRACT
The present system emanate from the growing needs of Energy shortage in Pakistan. As our
homeland Pakistan is an Atomic Power and having enrich Uranium that can be used for electricity
Production at Nuclear Power Plants. But unfortunately in Pakistan there are only few Nuclear Power
Plants and the People of Pakistan are suffering severely the problem of Electricity load shedding. As
being Electrical Engineer the purpose of doing this project was to get familiar with Nuclear Power Plant
working and functionality. In this System we Design a Simulator that explains the proper working of a
common Nuclear Power Plant. There are also some animated diagrams for further explanation of Nuclear
Power Plant functionality. We provide all the data relating to this project in our thesis, all necessary circuit
diagrams, Simulator Coding, Microcontroller Coding and

even the PCB diagrams. Our system is a

complete Computer Simulated and Animated model to explain the Working of a Nuclear Power Plant and
it provide a base to study the Nuclear Power Technology at Student level. We suggest this Project for our
juniors for further improvements and Research work.

(Acceptance by the Viva Voce Committee)

Nuclear Power Technology is accepted by the Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin
Zakariya University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Electrical
Engineering.

Internal Examiner:

Sign: ________________________
Name: Engr. Tauheed-ur-Rehman

External Examiner:

Sign: _______________________
Name:

___________________________
Chairperson of the Department

_________________
(Day / Month / Year)

FORWARDING SHEET

The Thesis entitled Nuclear Reactor Power Regulator (Design of Control Rod Drive Mechanism for
Nuclear Power Plant) has been completed under my guidance and Im satisfied with the quality of
students research work.

Date:____________

______________________________
Engr. Tauheed-ur-Rehman

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise and glory be to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the most Merciful, Compassionate and
Gracious who guides us in the oceans of darkness and enables us to overcome the difficulties. In crucial
situations, who blesses us with the courage and power to complete this project and all respect and love for
our beloved Holy Prophet HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (PBUH), who enabled us to recognize our creator
and to understand the philosophy of life.
He who does not thank to the people is not thankful to Allah
In the light of above saying of Holy Prophet (PBUH), we are highly obliged to our respected teacher Sir
Engr. Tauheed ur Rehman for his keen interest, guidance, untiring help and encouraging attitude. It is
with great pleasure and extreme feelings of obligation that we thank Engr. Zafar Iqbal and Engr. Adil
Bashir for the providing constructive criticism and valuable suggestion during our project.
We are proudly grateful to our Parents for showing us the right way.

Authors

CHAPTER # 1
INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT
1.1

1.2
1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

Introduction

.1
Core
idea
behind
the
Project
.1
Project
objectives
and
Goals

1
Achievements

.2
Failures

2
Problem
Statement

2
Scope
of
Project

2
Hardware
Components

2
Software
Tools

CHAPTER # 2
LITERATURE REVIEW ABOUT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
2.1
Nuclear Power for Peaceful Purpose .........................................4
2.2
Nuclear Energy for Power Generation ...5
2.3
Economic advantages of Nuclear Power
.6
2.4
Nuclear Power around the Globe ...7
2.5
Nuclear Power Plants in Pakistan ..9
2.6
Uranium as Power Generation Fuel .11
2.7
Fission and Fusion ...11

2.8
Types of Nuclear Reactors12
2.9
Pressurized Water Reactor ...13
2.10
Major Parts of a Nuclear Power Plant ..14
2.10.1 Nuclear Reactor ...14
2.10.2 Fuel Rods .16
2.10.3 Control Rods 18
2.10.4 Control Rods Drive Mechanism ..20
2.10.5 Pressure Vessel 20
2.10.6 Heat Exchanger 21
2.10.8 Steam Turbine ..21
2.10.9 Feed Water Pump 21
2.10.9 Electric Generator 22
2.10.10 Cooling Tower .23
2.10.11 Switch Yard .27

CHAPTER # 3
HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND THEIR DESCRIPTION
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6

Hardware Block Diagram .31

Components Description ...32
Project Circuit Diagrams ...33
Hardware Run Circuit Diagram 34
Hardware Run Circuitry Components ..35
Load Cell Interface Circuit ...40

CHAPTER # 4
SOFTWARE TOOLS
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.7

Visual Basic...42
VB Coding for Project...44
Kiel.52
C Coding. ..54
Adobe Flash ..57
Adobe Flash Animation 58
Corel Draw 59

4.8

Proteus ...60

4.9

Easy Pc ..62

CHAPTER # 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5

Conclusions ...63
Problems ...63
Recommendations .63
Hardware Improvement 64
Software Improvement ..64

REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES
1
2
3

5
6

Nuclear power around the globe

.7
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
..9
KANUPP

9
CHASHNUPP

.10
Uranium as power generation fuel
..11
Fission reactions

.11
Fusion Reaction

..12
Reactor types in use worldwide
..12

10

11

12

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

21
22
23
24

25
26

27

28

Pressurized Water Reactor

.1
4
Fuel pins

14
Fuel Assembly

..15
Fuel Core

..15
UO2 powder (uranium dioxide) .16
UO2 pellets (uranium dioxide) .16
Fuel Rods 17
Fuel Assembly 17
Different Rates of fission reaction by Control Rods Movement
..18
How a generator generates electricity?
22
Closed Loop Cooling Tower System
..23
Natural draft wet cooling

24
Mechanical draft wet cooling
..25
Cross flow type design for cooling
tower..26
Counter flow type design for cooling tower
.26
Switch Yard

27
Project Hardware Block Diagram
..31
Servomotor

..32
Project Circuit diagram

.33
Hardware Run Circuit Diagram
34

29 Microcontroller Pin Configuration ..35

30 LM 358 Low Power Dual Operational Amplifier 37

31 Optical coupler .38

32 Solid State Relay ..39

33 Load Cell interface circuit

40
34 Load Cell

..41
35 Visual Basic

43

36 VB Coding for Project...44

37 KEIL simulator

.53
38 KEIL Logo

.53
39 Adobe Flash

..57
40 Adobe Flash Animation

.58
41 Corel DRAW

..59
42 Proteus

.60
43 Power Supply Circuit Diagram for NRPR using Proteus
.61
44 Easy Pc

..62