Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. If x and y are arbitrary real numbers, x < y, prove that there exists at least one rational
number r satisfying x < r < y.
T 1 1
n=1
n , n = {0}.
m
m+n
: m, n N .
(a) (1)n (1 + n1 );
(b) sin n
3 .
6. Show that the real valued sequence {an } is convergent, and find its limit.
(a) 3an+1 = 2 + a3n for n 1, a1 = 32 .
n+1
n n1 .
n
X
1
n2 +k
= 1.
k=1
xn
m(m 1)(m 2) . . . (m n + 1).
n (n 1)!
10. For |x| < 1 and a fixed positive integer m, find lim
11. Show that if lim
an+1
= `, then lim n an = `. Hence prove that
n
an
1
o
n1
( n
X
1
.
(n + k)2
k=1
n
X
1
k=1
k!
(b) an+1 = 1 +
(1)n
2n
an , n 1, a1 = 1.
16. Let lim an = a, lim bn = b and sn = min(an , bn ), tn = max(an , bn ). Show that {sn } and {tn }
are convergent, and that lim sn = min(a, b) and lim tn = max(a, b).
17. Discuss the convergence of the sequence {an } defined by
1
2
an +
, n 1,
2
an
an+1 =
a1 = 2.
n=1
lim 2n a2n = 0.
n
2n+1 an
an converge or diverge?
20. Use basic comparison test to determine convergence of the following series:
2
3
1
+
+ .
(a) +
5
7
9
21
31
41
(b) 3
+ 3
+ 3
+ .
3 1
4 1
5 1
(c)
(d)
p
X
3
n=1
n3 + 1 n .
n=1
n+1
n
n1
( n 1)n .
n=1
en .
n=1
1
.
(log n)n
n=2
X
n=1
n
n1
n2
X
n!
n=1
10n
n!
;
(2n
+ 1)!
n=1
x2n1
,
2n 1
n=1
x > 0;
X
1 3 5 (2n 1) 4n + 1
n=1
2 4 6 (2n)
2n + 1
1
converges if p > 1 and diverges if p 1.
n(log n)p
n=2
(1)n1
n=1
(1)n
n=2
1
is absolutely convergent if p > 1 and conditionally connp
1
is conditionally convergent.
n log n
(1)n1
n=1
(1)n
n=1
n2
;
(n + 1)!
cos n
.
n n
(1)n1
n=1
x2n1
converges.
2n 1
12 1
X
sin nx + cos nx
n n
n=1
30. Let
un and
!1
(b) if
!2
+ .
Show that
(a) if
33 3
23 2
vn converges, then
un diverges, then
un converges.
vn diverges.
un
vn
>
for all n n0 .
un+1
vn+1
Answers.
4. sup S = 1, inf S = 0.
3
2 ,
lim inf =
3
2 .
q
3
a1 a22 .
7. converges to 0.
8. 0.
10. 0.
12. The conclusion is not valid when ` 6= 0.
14. converges to 0.
15. (a) Cauchy; (b) Cauchy.
17. converges to 2.
19. converges.
20. (a) diverges; (b) converges; (c) converges; (d) converges.
21. (a) converges; (b) converges; (c) converges; (d) diverges.
22. (a) diverges; (b) converges; (c) convergent for 0 < x < 1, divergent for x 1; (d) test fails.
26. (a) absolutely convergent; (b) absolutely convergent.
28. convergent.
29. convergent.