UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

By Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI

Brussels, June 2001

© Cirta Consulting 2001 1

 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

1. Introduction
This workshop aims at providing UMTS Network dimensioning practical guidelines. The
self-test proposed herein helps understanding the required RF and System Parameters in view
of an accurate linkbudget and cell count computation along with capacity planning issues. The
following steps will be treated :
a. UMTS Link Budget
b. Demand Modelling
c. Capacity Calculation
d. Mixed Service Aspects

2. Reminder
2.1. Maximum Allowed Path Loss
2.1.1 Uplink
MAPL(UL) = EIRP(MS) – S(BS) – LOSSES(BS) + AntennaGain(BS) + Margin(UL)

2.1.2 Downlink
MAPL(DL) = EIRP(BS) – S(MS) – LOSSES(MS) + AntennaGain(MS) + Margin(DL)

2.1.3. The Engineering Margin (Noise Rise)

The loading factor correction is given by the following analytic equation:

LoadingFactorCorrection = - 10log(1-CellLoad)

2.2. Sensitivity
Factory Values :
Base Station Mobile Station
Thermal Noise Density -174 dBm/Hz -174 dBm/Hz
Receiver NF (Pedestrian) 3 dB 8 dB

Base Station :
S(BS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(BS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(BS)

Mobile Station :
S(MS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(MS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(MS)

LCD384 UDD64
(Eb/No)(BS) 1.3 1.5
(Eb/No)(MS) 1.1 1.2

Given the above data, fill in the grey-shaded blanks in the following tables. Since the BS
Output Power is unknown you need to balance the link budget to find it.

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

FOR LCD384
Coverage Service : Deep
Indoor Bearer Service : LCD384
Morphology : Urban Cell Load : 50%
Mobility : Pedestrian
Downlink Uplink
Station(TX) Station(RX)
Units Value Value Units
Power W
dBm
dBm 17.9 dBi Antenna Gain
dB 3 dBi Losses
dBm Sensitivity
EIRP dBm
Mobile (RX) Mobile (TX)
0.13 W Power
dBm
Antenna Gain dBi 2 dBi Antenna Gain
Losses dB 0 dB Losses
Sensitivity dBm
dBm EIRP
Margins Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain dB 5 dB Soft/Hard HO Gain
Non Orthogonality dB -2
Margin
Interference Margin dB -3 dB Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin dB -9.7 dB Shadowing Margin
Body Losses dB 0 dB Body Losses
Penetration Margin dB -21 dB Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection dB -2 dB PC Inperfection
MAPL dB dB MAPL

FOR UDD64

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

Coverage Service : Deep

Indoor Bearer Service : UDD64
Morphology : Urban Cell Load : 50%
Mobility : Pedestrian
Downlink Uplink
Station(TX) Station(RX)
Units Value Value Units
Power W
dBm
dBm 17.9 dBi Antenna Gain
dB 3 dBi Losses
dBm Sensitivity
EIRP dBm
Mobile (RX) Mobile (TX)
0.13 W Power
dBm
Antenna Gain dBi 2 dBi Antenna Gain
Losses dB 0 dB Losses
Sensitivity dBm
dBm EIRP
Margins Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain dB 0 dB Soft/Hard HO Gain
Non Orthogonality dB -2
Margin
Interference Margin dB -3 dB Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin dB -9.7 dB Shadowing Margin
Body Losses dB 0 dB Body Losses
Penetration Margin dB -21 dB Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection dB -2 dB PC Inperfection
MAPL dB dB MAPL

2.2. Radius Calculation

The following Propagation Model is assumed to be suitable for dense urban area:
Lp = K1 + K2 log(R) with K1 = 139.8, K2 = 34.78

Calculate the UMTS Cell radius for both LCD384 and UDD64. The cell load is assumed
to be 50% !

How many Tri-Sector Cells are necessary to fulfil the following coverage service :
LCD384 Deep Indoor for a 50 km2 urban service area
UDD64 Deep Indoor for a 50 km2 urban service area

2.3. The Base Station Power

The Base Station Power is 20W. 20% of this power is used by the pilot channel.

How many subscribers using LCD384 can simultaneously be serviced. We assume that
they are all in a deep indoor environment and located at the cell border.The loading is
50%.

© Cirta Consulting 2001 4

 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

Do the same calculation for the UDD64 case

2.4. NLOAD and Cell Load

− IUL
M1 M2 M3
ηUL = 1 − 10 10
= + + + ...
M 1,max M 2,max M 3,max

Where the Uplink Pole capacity is given by :

W
×G
Ri s
M =
i, max 
 E 



b 
  
 Io 
  

  I 
 N    c 

 o i   10 
× CAF 1 + 10 
i 
10  
 
  i
10

Io
Where = −2.5 dB
Ic

Gs = 1.0 for omnidirectional cells and 2.55 for tri-sectorial cells

CAF : The Channel Activity Factor (typically 80% for TCH)

How Many users could handle the base station. The required cell load is 50%. We
assume the following cases :

i) LCD384 and UDD64 number of users are the same

ii) Only UDD64 users are involved

Compare the two results i) and ii) for UDD64 Capacity

ANSWERS

© Cirta Consulting 2001 5

 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

FOR LCD384

First compute the Base Station Sensitivity :

S(BS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(BS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(BS)

S(BS) = -174 + 3 + 10log(384000) + 1.3 = -113.8 dBm

Second compute the Mobile Station EIRP :

EIRP(MS) = Pout(MS) + AntGain5MS)

EIRP(MS) = 21 + 2 = 23 dBm

Finally Compute the MAPL(UL) :

MAPL(UL) = EIRP(MS) – S(BS) – LOSSES(BS) + AntennaGain(BS) + Margin(UL)

MAPL(UL) = 23 +113.8 – 3 + 17.9 + 5 – 3 - 9.7 – 21 – 2 = 121 dB

This should be the same for the Downlink to get the link balanced : MAPL(DL) = 121 dB

The MS Sensitivity is the computed :

S(MS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(MS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(MS)

S(MS) = -174 + 8 +10log(384000) + 1.1 = -109 dBm

The BTS EIRP is thus deduced from :

MAPL(DL) = EIRP(BS) – S(MS) – LOSSES(MS) + AntennaGain(MS) + Margin(DL)

Or

EIRP(BS) = MAPL(DL) + S(MS) + LOSSES(MS) - AntennaGain(MS) - Margin(DL)

Margin(DL) = +5 SHO Gain
- 3 Load Factor @ 50%
-9.7 Shadowing Margin
- 0 Body Losses
- 21 Penetration Margin
- 2 Power Control Imperfection
= -30.7 dB

EIRP(BS) = 121 – 109 + 0 + 30.7 = 42.7 dBm

Thus the BTS Output Power is Given by :

Pout(BS) = EIRP(BS) – AntGain(BS) + Cable Losses
Pout(BS) = 42.7 – 17.9 + 3 = 27.8 dBm = 0.6 W

Important Note : 0.6 W is per link !

If 50 users have to be serviced simultaneously the power should be 50X0.6 = 30 Watts !

SUMMARY FOR LCD384 CASE STUDY

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

FOR LCD384
Coverage Service : Deep
Indoor Bearer Service : LCD384
Morphology : Urban Cell Load : 50%
Mobility : Pedestrian
Downlink Uplink
Station(TX) Station(RX)
Units Value Value Units
Power W 0.6
dBm 17.8
dBm 17.9 17.9 dBi Antenna Gain
dB 3 3 dBi Losses
-113.8 dBm Sensitivity
EIRP dBm 42.7
Mobile (RX) Mobile (TX)
0.13 W Power
21 dBm
Antenna Gain dBi 2 2 dBi Antenna Gain
Losses dB 0 0 dB Losses
Sensitivity dBm -109
23 dBm EIRP
Margins Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain dB 5 5 dB Soft/Hard HO Gain
Non Orthogonality dB -2
Margin
Interference Margin dB -3 -3 dB Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin dB -9.7 -9.7 dB Shadowing Margin
Body Losses dB 0 0 dB Body Losses
Penetration Margin dB -21 -21 dB Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection dB -2 -2 dB PC Inperfection
MAPL dB 121 121 dB MAPL

ANSWERS

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

FOR UDD64

First compute the Base Station Sensitivity :

S(BS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(BS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(BS)

S(BS) = -174 + 3 + 10log(64000) + 1.5 = -121.4 dBm

Second compute the Mobile Station EIRP :

EIRP(MS) = Pout(MS) + AntGain(MS)

EIRP(MS) = 21 + 2 = 23 dBm

Finally Compute the MAPL(UL) :

MAPL(UL) = EIRP(MS) – S(BS) – LOSSES(BS) + AntennaGain(BS) + Margin(UL)

MAPL(UL) = 23 +121.4 – 3 + 17.9 + 0 – 3 - 9.7 – 0 - 21 – 2 = 123.6 dB

This should be the same for the Downlink to get the link balanced : MAPL(DL) = 123.6 dB

The MS Sensitivity is the computed :

S(MS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(MS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(MS)

S(MS) = -174 + 8 +10log(64000) + 1.2 = -116.8 dBm

The BTS EIRP is thus deduced from :

MAPL(DL) = EIRP(BS) – S(MS) – LOSSES(MS) + AntennaGain(MS) + Margin(DL)

Or

EIRP(BS) = MAPL(DL) + S(MS) + LOSSES(MS) - AntennaGain(MS) - Margin(DL)

Margin(DL) = 0 SHO Gain
- 3 Load Factor @ 50%
-9.7 Shadowing Margin
- 0 Body Losses
- 21 Penetration Margin
- 2 Power Control Imperfection
= -35.7 dB
EIRP(BS) = 123.6 – 116.8 – 0 + 35.7 = 42.5 dBm

Thus the BTS Output Power is Given by :

Pout(BS) = EIRP(BS) – AntGain(BS) + Cable Losses
Pout(BS) = 42.5 – 17.9 + 3 = 27.6 dBm = 0.575 W

Important Note : 0.575 W is per link !

If 50 users have to be serviced simultaneously the power should be 50X0.575 = 28.75
Watts !

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

SUMMARY FOR UDD64 CASE STUDY

FOR UDD64
Coverage Service : Deep
Indoor Bearer Service : UDD64
Morphology : Urban Cell Load : 50%
Mobility : Pedestrian
Downlink Uplink
Station(TX) Station(RX)
Units Value Value Units
Power W 0.575
dBm 27.6
dBm 17.9 17.9 dBi Antenna Gain
dB 3 3 dBi Losses
-121.4 dBm Sensitivity
EIRP dBm 42.5
Mobile (RX) Mobile (TX)
0.13 W Power
21 dBm
Antenna Gain dBi 2 2 dBi Antenna Gain
Losses dB 0 0 dB Losses
Sensitivity dBm -116.8
23 dBm EIRP
Margins Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain dB 0 0 dB Soft/Hard HO Gain
Non Orthogonality dB -2
Margin
Interference Margin dB -3 -3 dB Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin dB -9.7 -9.7 dB Shadowing Margin
Body Losses dB 0 0 dB Body Losses
Penetration Margin dB -21 -21 dB Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection dB -2 -2 dB PC Inperfection
MAPL dB 123.6 123.6 dB MAPL

ANSWERS

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

NUMBER OF REQUIRED CELLS

Lp = K1 + K2 log(R) with K1 = 139.8, K2 = 34.78

9
The cell surface can easily be computed as : s = 3.r 2
8
To find the cell radius, one may use the path loss equation and the MAPL:

i) For LCD384 :

121 = 139.8 + 34.78log(r) which yields r = 0.288 km

the unit-surface for a cell is thus s = 0.161 km2
The Number of tri-sector cells is thus : N(LCD384) = 50/0.161 = 309 Cells

ii) For UDD64

123.6 = 139.8 + 34.78log(r) which yields r = 0.342 km

the unit-surface for a cell is thus s = 0.228 km2
The Number of tri-sector cells is thus : N(UDD64) = 50/0.228 = 219 Cells

ANSWERS

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

BASE STATION POWER

If 20% of this power is used by the pilot channel for signal purposes, the remaining power is
for Traffic (Voice and Data):

20% of 20 W represents 4W for signalling, the remaining 16 Watts are distributed amongst
the maximum number of users. Therefore, the number of users would be :

i) For LCD384 :
16/0.6 = 26 Users using LCD384 Data Service

ii) For UDD64 :

16/0.575 = 27 Users using UDD64 Data Service

ANSWERS

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 UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

UPLINK MIXED-TRAFFIC CAPACITY CALCULATION

First we need to know the pole capacities for each service separately :

Applying the above mentioned pole capacity formula we find :

M1,max = M(LCD384)max = 6.4 Users

M2,max = M(UDD64)max = 27 Users

If we make the assumption the combined loading would not exceed 50% then the following
equation applies :

M1 M 2
0 .5 = + and
6.4 27

i) If we assume that both services should have the same user number :

M1 = M2 = M leads to M = 2.58 Users for both LCD384 and UDD64 users

ii) If only UDD64 is to be considered then :

0.5 = M/27 which leads to a number of UDD64 Users of 13.5

© Cirta Consulting 2001 12