Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(ANCOVA)
Facilitator
DR. SOON SENG THAH
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Objectives
Introduction
Introduction
EXAMPLE:
Discussion Method
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
The Graduates, for instance have a mean age of 38, their score on
knowledge of current events is 14 while the mean age for the
Diploma holders is 45 and their score on knowledge of current
events is 12.5. The mean for the subjects with High school
qualifications is 50 and their score on the knowledge of current
events test is 11.5.
It is probably obvious to you that part of the differences in
knowledge of current events is due to the groups having a
different mean age.
So you decide to include Age as a covariate and use ANCOVA.
ANCOVA reduces the error variance by removing the variance
due to the relationship between age (covariate) and the
dependent variable (knowledge of current events)
ANCOVA adjusts the means on the covariate for all of the
groups, leading to the adjustment of the means of the
dependent variable (knowledge of current events).
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ANCOVA
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A Oneway ANOVA was conducted on the data and the results are
shown below:
The table shows the means and standard deviations for the three
groups of subjects Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Group 1
scored 26.68, Group 2 scored 29.28 and Group 3 scored 25.22
the difference is significant. We can conclude that the Groups differ
significantly in the Posttest the ANOVA table shows the p-value <
0.05.
Means and Standard Deviations
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Compare this to the ANOVA table when the covariate was not
included. The format of the ANOVA table is largely the same as
without the covariate, except that there is an additional row of
information about the covariate (Pretest).
Looking first at the significance values, it is clear that the covariate
(i.e. Pretest) had significantly influenced the dependent variable
(i.e. Posttest), because the significance value is < than .05.
Therefore, performance in the Pretest had a significant
influence on the Posttest.
Whats interesting here is that with the introduction of Pretest
as the covariate, the Group variable has now become not
significant ( p > 0.05).
In other words when the variable Pretest was used as
covariate, there was no significant difference in the 3 Groups
(Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3) as the p-value is greater than
0.05.
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Thank you.
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