-> 4th June 2016

Salma Dam in Afghanisation

-> Atithidevo Bhava from Taittiriya Upanishad
-> 1997 by I K gurel United Nations Convention against Torture signed by south A
frica Mozambique and Kenya
India has not signed it
-> Observer status
> privilege granted by some organizations to non-members to give them an abi
lity to participate in the organization's activities.
> Observer status is often granted by intergovernmental organizations (IGO)
to non-member states and international nongovernmental
organizations (ING
O) that have an interest in the IGO's activities.
> Observers generally have a limited ability to participate in the IGO, lack
ing the ability to vote or propose resolutions.
-> 6th July 2016 11th Asia-Europe Meeting Summit (ASEM11) or ASEM2016 " Ulaanbaa
tar Declaration "
> The declaration has reaffirmed ASEM s commitment for greater partnership thro
ugh informal political dialogue and initiatives in economic and
socio-c
ultural fields.
> It also has expressed its commitment for united fight against terrorism and
violent extremism. Key Features of Declaration ASEM will enhance
its p
artnership in order to meet the aspirations of the people for peace and stabilit
y, sustainable development, economic prosperity and a
better qual
ity of life.
> It will strive to further strengthen Asia-Europe multi-dimensional and peop
le-centered partnership. It will also focus on countering
terr
orism, maritime security and safety, fighting piracy and armed robbery at sea, a
s well as drug and human trafficking.
> ASEM will reaffirm its commitment for cyber security, cyber-crime, security
of in the use of information and communication technologies. It
wil
l also reaffirm upholding the purpose and principles of the UN Charter, rule of
law and enforcement of international law, human rights,
anti-corru
ption, migration, Sustainable Development and climate change.
> ASEM will reinforce its role as a catalyst for effective multilateralism an
d a rules-based international order in the shifting geopolitics leading to
greater uncertainties and volatility in the world.
-> South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) 1985
> regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asi
a.
> Afghanistan(joined in 2008), Bangladesh(initiated the SAARC) , Bhutan, Indi
a, Nepal, the Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
> SAARC compromises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and
9.12% of the global economy, as of 2015.
> SAARC was founded in Dhaka in 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu.
> The organization promotes development of economical and regional integratio
n.
> It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains perman
ent diplomatic relations at the UN as an observer and has
devel
oped links with multilateral entities, including the EU.
> States with observer status Australia,China, EU(2006), Iran, Japan, Mauriti
us,Myanmar, South Korea(2006) and the United States(2006).
> Potential full members : Myannmar, South Africa, turkey(2012), Russia
> Bodies :

1) SAARC Chamber of Commerce & Industry (SCCI)

2) SAARCLAW (South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation In Law
3) South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA)
4) South Asia Foundation (SAF)
5) South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children (SAIEVAC)
6) Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL)
> Creation of SAFTA ( South Asian Free Trade Area)
-> Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
> established on November 10, 2000 at Vientiane at the First MGC Ministerial
Meeting
> India, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
> emphasised four areas of cooperation, which are tourism, culture, education
, and transportation linkage in order to be solid foundation for
future tr
ade and investment cooperation in the region.
> The organization takes its name from the Ganga and the Mekong, two large ri
vers in the region
> 2nd MGC 2001 Hanoi, Vietnam " Hanoi Programme of Action "
3rd MGC 2003 Phonam Penh , Cambodia
4th MGC Jan 2007 Sebu , Philipinnes
5th MGC Aug 2007 Manila , Philipinnes
6th MGC 2012 New Delhi
-> Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperatio
n (BIMSTEC)
> international organisation involving a group of countries in South Asia an
d South East Asia.
> Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan and Nepal.
> First Summit 2004 ( " BIMSTEC ")
-> Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
> Eurasian political, economic, and military organisation which was founded i
n 2001 in Shanghai
> People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russian Federation
, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. ( Shanghai five )
> Uzbekistan inclusion in 2001 the members renamed the organisation.
> July 10, 2015, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.
India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations on 24 June 2016 a
t Tashkent, formal process of joining the SCO as a full member,
and
expected to become full members by the next meeting at Astana in 2017
> 1) Military Cooperation
2) security Cooperation ( Collective Security Treaty Organisation)
3) Economic Cooperation ( Eurasian economic Community)
4) Cultural Cooperation
-> Pacific Community (SPC)
> principal scientific and technical organisation in the Pacific region.
> international development organisation owned and governed by its 26 country
and territory members.
> organisation's headquarters are in Nouma, New Caledonia, and it has regional
offices in Suva, Fiji, and Pohnpei, Federated States of
Micronesia, as well as a country office in Honiara, Solomon Islands,
> Its working languages are English and French.
> To work for the well-being of Pacific people through the effective and inno
vative application of science and knowledge, guided by a deep
und
erstanding of Pacific Island contexts and cultures
> Vision :
Pacific vision is for a region of peace, harmony, security, social inclusi
on and prosperity, so that all Pacific people can lead free, healthy and
productive lives. This is a shared vision for the Pacific under the Framewor

k for Pacific Regionalism.

> Land resources , marine resources and social resources
-> Pacific Island Forum
-> First Meeting New Zealand 1971
-> Economic Cooperation Organisation
> Successor of the regional Co-operation for Development 1964
> Iran Pakistan and Turkey (1964)
> Afghanisatn, Azerbaijan, Kazakhtan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan , Tajikistan, Turk
ey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
> HQ: Teheran, Iran
> Objectives :
1) Stipulate charter " Treaty of Izmir"
->The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is a treaty of the World Tra
de Organization (WTO) that entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the
Uruguay Round negotiations. The treaty was created to extend the multilateral t
rading system to service sector, in the same way the General Agreement on Tariff
s and Trade (GATT) provides such a system for merchandise trade.
The GATS agreement covers four modes of supply for the delivery of services in c
ross-border trade:
Criteria
Supplier Presence
Mode 1: Cross-border supply
Service delivered within the territory of the Me
mber, from the territory of another Member
Service supplier not present wit
hin the territory of the member
Mode 2: Consumption abroad
Service delivered outside the territory of the M
ember, in the territory of another Member, to a service consumer of the Member
Mode 3: Commercial presence
Service delivered within the territory of the Me
mber, through the commercial presence of the supplier Service supplier present
within the territory of the Member
Mode 4: Presence of a natural person
Service delivered within the territory o
f the Member, with supplier present as a natural person
->
The Marrakesh Agreement, manifested by the Marrakesh Declaration, was an agreeme
nt signed in Marrakesh, Morocco, by 124 nations on 15 April 1994, marking the cu
lmination of the 12-year-long Uruguay Round and establishing the World Trade Org
anization, which officially came into being on January 1, 1995.
The agreement developed out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
, supplemented by a number of other agreements on issues including trade in serv
ices, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, trade-related aspects of intellectual
property and technical barriers to trade. It also established a new, more effic
ient and legally binding means of dispute resolution. The various agreements whi
ch make up the Marrakesh
->The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, also
known as the SPS Agreement, is an international treaty of the World Trade Organi
zation. It was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on T
ariffs and Trade, and entered into force with the establishment of the WTO at th
e beginning of 1995.[1] Broadly, the sanitary and phytosanitary ( SPS ) measures cov
ered by the agreement are those aimed at the protection of human, animal or plan
t life or health from certain risks.[2]Agreement combine as an indivisible whole
; no entity
->The Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) negotiations of the World Trade Orga
nization are based on the Doha Declaration of 2001 that calls for a reduction or

elimination in tariffs, particularly on exportable goods of interest to develop

ing countries.
NAMA covers manufacturing products, fuel and mining products, fish and fish prod
ucts, and forestry products. These products are not covered by the Agreement on
Agriculture or the negotiations on services.
The WTO considers the NAMA negotiations important because NAMA products account
for almost 90% of the world's merchandise exports. can be party to any one agree
ment without being party to them all
-> Sir Creek boundary dispute between india and pakistan
->Trilateral Highway
project linking India, Myanmar and Thailand as well as on the
Kaladan multi-modal transport project
->In the area of hydrocarbon based energy, some progress was made on operational
ising the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline
-> India
to Nepal
ond with
n Maitri

was in the forefront of providing relief and rehabilitation assistance

following the earthquake in April 2015, being the first country to resp
its largest ever disaster relief operation appropriately called Operatio
.

-> Ministrial conference on heart of Asia : Afghanistan

->Indian Ocean Region:
> 2015 saw a concerted focus by India on securing interests in a safe and sec
ure Indian Ocean and a stable and prosperous Indian Ocean Region.
The
direction was set with Prime Minister s visits to Seychelles, Mauritius and Sri La
nka in March 2015. The process was given form
through the creation of a separate Division in MEA in January 2016 for the
Indian Ocean Region, bringing together relationships with key
countries i
n the region such as Sri Lanka, Maldives, Seychelles, Mauritius and the structur
ed Trilateral Maritime Security Dialogue (between
India, Sri Lanka
and Maldives) to address geo-strategic security, economic and developmental inte
rests in the Indian Ocean Region. India s
approach to the future track
of the Indian Ocean Region Association (IORA) was also made integral to this ap
proach.
-> ESZ : Eco sensitive zones
-> A Memorandum of Understanding on Tourism Cooperation and an agreement on Indi
an Grant Assistance for implementation of Quick
Impact Projects under Mekong Ganga Cooperation initiative were signed during
the visit. For the financial year 2015-16, Grant Assistance of US$
50,000
each for five Quick Impact Projects related to health, women empowerment, and ag
riculture and skill development was also announced.
The first and second phases of conservation and restoration work of Ta Prohm
Temple were completed successfully by the Archeological Survey
of India in
July 2015
-> Brics ( russia)
SCO (russia)
-> PIO - Person of Indian Origin
-> itec indian technical & economic cooperation

-> President of EU : Donald Tusk

-> Pacific alliance summit : India observer status Peru 2015
-> G-4 Summit
-> NAM summit Venezula last time tehran
-> On 3 June 2015, the United Nations General Assembly
endorsed the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
-> IORA on blue economy
2015-30 which was an outcome of the 3rd United Nations
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held at
Sendai, Japan from 14-18 March 2015. India played crucial
role in the negotiations, by providing valuable inputs,
formulation of common positions with like-minded groups;
consultation on topical issues with countries having similar
concerns and interests.
->On 3 June 2015, the United Nations General Assembly
endorsed the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-30 which was an outcome of the 3rd United Nations
World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held at
Sendai, Japan from 14-18 March 2015. India played crucial
role in the negotiations, by providing valuable inputs,
formulation of common positions with like-minded groups;
consultation on topical issues with countries having similar
concerns and interests.
->Humanitarian aid organisation Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) has warned India that
the country will not remain pharmacy of the developing world if the proposals in
the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement (RCEP) are adopted. Th
e RCEP is a regional trade agreement being negotiated between the 10 ASEAN count
ries currently in Auckland
->Universal Health Coverage index (UHC) by World Bank
->Human development index, inequality adjusted HDI (IHDI), Gender development in
dex (GDI), Gender inequality index (GII), multidimensional poverty index (MPI)
-> CECA Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement
-> Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP) ASEAN + INDIA, the trading
bloc comprising 16 Asia-Pacific countries