CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Indonesian students learn English as the first foreign language.
Unfortunately, English is quite difficult to being learned by Indonesian
students because they are accustomed to communicating by using their native
language in their daily life than using English. This is the reason why
Indonesian students still consider that the most difficult English skill to be
mastered is speaking.
Speaking is one of four language skills: listening, reading, speaking, and
writing. Speaking skill is very important because by mastering speaking skill,
learners can carry out conversation with the others, give the ideas and
exchange the information with others. In speaking class, the students should be
taught how to speak. The components of English speaking skill that should be
given in English speaking class are pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar,
fluency and comprehension. The use of English language for speaking is not
simple. The students might have known about grammatical rules and
vocabulary, but they do not know how to use them in practice. Many students
feel scared and shy when they are asked to speak English in classroom. Brown
(2002, 41) states that many students of foreign language feel anxious. A
language is a very complex skill and it takes time to learn one. They are afraid
of doing mistakes when they speak English.

Harmer (in Tarigan, 1990: 13) writes that when teaching speaking or
producing skill, we can apply three major stages, those are: introducing new
language, practice, communicative activities.
When introducing new language, the teacher should find out the genre or
the text, which is meaningful. In this stage teacher can ask students to
pronounce the unfamiliar words, find out the meaning of the expression used in
the text.
Other techniques used for teaching speaking such as:

information gap

by using pictures, photographs, song, mysterious thing, Educational drama

which covers miming, role play, the empty chair, simulation.
From the condition above, it is needed to improve students speaking
ability. There are some media and techniques that can be used, such as using
movie, song or game to improve students speaking ability.
We as an English teacher has to make students interested in learning
English. Teaching English using media as an alternative ways to improve
students speaking ability. If we use the media, students will be more interested
in having materials. Students will remember our lesson easily and they will be
more in spirit to learn English. Media can be used as one of the educational
techniques in teaching learning process. Media can make students amused and
interested in all language skills especially in speaking.
In this research, the researcher is interested in teaching procedure text to
improve students speaking ability in informal education of pusat kegiatan
belajar masyarakat (PKBM) Tunas Bangsa Semarang by using media of Group

Investigation Technique (GIT), because learning English is hard for the

students, especially students in informal education. The researcher uses media
of Group Investigation Technique (GIT), because by using the media students
can improve their speaking ability maximal. Because of this case, the
researcher used the Group Investigation Technique (GIT) in informal education
of PKBM Tunas Bangsa Semarang.
The researcher chooses procedure text as the material in this research.
Procedure text is an oral or written text to describe how something is
accomplished through as sequence of action or steps (Linda Gerot and peter
Wingnell, 1994: 206). Procedure text is the material which is used to improve
the students speaking ability by explaining the steps orally. The students can
practice to explaining the material in a good pronunciation and they can
improve their skill maximally using procedure text.
B. Reasons for Choosing the Topic
Every research has its own reason. The writer chooses THE USE OF
GROUP

INVESTIGATION

TECHNIQUE

(GIT)

IN

TEACHING

PROCEDURE TEXT TO IMPROVE STUDENTS SPEAKING ABILITY IN

INFORMAL EDUCATION OF PKBM TUNAS BANGSA SEMARANG as
the topic because:
1. Media is the alternative ways in teaching English, because for the students,
learning English by using media more interesting than without media. Use
media as the alternative ways can make students remember and
understanding materials easily.

2. Group Investigation Technique (GIT) is one of media that can be used to

improve students speaking ability effectively and easily. The use Group
Investigation Technique (GIT) as a media can be an alternative way for the
students to improve their speaking ability.
3. Speaking skill is very important because by mastering speaking skill,
learners can carry out conversation with the others, give the ideas and
exchange the information with others.
4. Students in informal education have the problems in speaking and they just
stuck in their expressions of conversation that they got.
5. Procedure text is the material which is used to improve the students
speaking ability by explaining the steps orally.
C. Statements of the Problems
Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates the
statements of the problem as follows:
1. How is the speaking ability of the students of PKBM Tunas Bangsa
Semarang who are taught before using Group Investigation Technique
(GIT)?
2. How is the speaking ability of the students of PKBM Tunas Bangsa
Semarang who are taught after using Group Investigation Technique (GIT)?
3. Is there any significant difference in speaking ability of the students before
and after being taught by using Group Investigation Technique (GIT)?

D. Objectives of the Study

Based on the formulation of the problem above, the main objectives of
this study can be stated as follows:
1. To find out the speaking ability of the students of PKBM Tunas Bangsa
Semarang who are taught before using Group Investigation Technique
(GIT).
2. To find out the speaking ability of the students of PKBM Tunas Bangsa
Semarang who are taught after using Group Investigation Technique (GIT).
3. To find out the significant different in speaking ability of the students before
and after being taught by using Group Investigation Technique (GIT).
E. Significances of the Study
After doing the research the researcher hopes that the result of the
research will be useful to the development of teaching English in general and
teaching English in particular. Briefly the researcher hopes that the result of the
study will provide input of students, teachers, and educational institution.
Furthermore, the researcher gives the input as follows:
1. For the Students:
a. The students can be more motivated in learning English if there are some
variation techniques of teaching, especially in teaching speaking.
b. The students will be able to improve their speaking ability using Group
Investigation Technique (GIT).

2. For the English Teacher:

a. The teacher can use the result of the study as reference for teaching
speaking in informal education.
c. The teacher gets the valuable ecperience about using Group Investigation
Technique (GIT) to improve students speaking ability.
3. For the Readers
a. The result of this research is to inform the readers about the use of Group
Investigation Technique (GIT) to improve students speaking ability in
informal education.
b. The reader can enrich their knowledge about technique to teach speaking.
They can get the information about technique to teach speaking done by
the researcher. They also can make it as reference.
4. For the Researcher
Hopefully, this research will be useful to give the practical of improving
students speaking ability in class. Beside of that, the researcher will get
more information to improve the final project.
F. Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation in this study, the writer
would like to explain and define the key terms are used.
1. Group Investigation Technique (GIT) (Sharan, 1992)
Group Investigation Techniques (GIT) is the one of the media in teaching
English. In (GIT), students from interest groups within which to plan and
implement an investigation, and synthesize the findings into a group

presentation for the class. The teachers general role is to make the students
aware of resources that may be helpful while carrying out the investigation.
GIT includes four components : Investigation, interaction, interpretation and
intrinsic motivation. Investigation refers to the facts that the groups focus on
the process of inquiring about a chosen topic. Interaction is a hallmark of all
cooperative learning methods, required for students to explore ideas and
help one another learn. Interpretation occurs when the groups synthesizes
and elaborates on the findings of each member in order to enhance the
understanding and clarity of ideas. Finally, intrinsic motivation is kindled in
students by granting them autonomy in the investigative process.
2. Improve
To do something in a better way or with better results than before.
3. Speaking ability
According to Hornby (1995:2), ability is the mental of physical capacity
power or skill required to do something. In this final project ability is skill
required to speak English.
The ability to process information and language. ( Harmer; 2001, 269).
4. Procedure text
a. Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction /
operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape
recorder, the photocopier, the fax.
b. Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for
games, science experiments, road safety rules.

c. Texts that deal with human behaviour, e.g how to live happily, how to
succeed.
Procedure text is an oral or written text to describe how something is
accomplished through as sequence of action or steps (Linda Gerot and peter
Wingnell, 1994: 206)
5. Informal education
Informal education is that learning which goes on outside of a formal
learning environment such as a school, a college or a university. Based on
Eveline and Pete, (2010: 1) states that the based functions of informal
education are same with the formal education, the purpose of this
educational system is to show how educators take full advantage of learning
that takes place outside of the classroom and show that students in informal
education can also become a good students same as a formal students in the
formal education.
6. PKBM Tunas Bangsa
PKBM (Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat) Tunas Bangsa is an informal
education located in Mangkang Wetan, Tugu, Semarang.