Artificial intelligence

Vs.
Human online

Thapelo Nthite ORT 2014

LO ORT

Research summary
I have come up with guidelines which can help differentiate between AI and humans on the internet.
These guidelines can be used for personal security online. Prior to my research I observed that some
people were interacting with AI online without knowing and were being exploited in some cases.
Consequently I initiated a case study in which 10 subjects participated in conversational tests where I
would decipher if the participants knew who they interacted with online. The participants then had to
complete a survey and a questionnaire based on the conversations. From the results, I noticed that
there are weaknesses in an AIs ability to communicate thoroughly.

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Table of content
1. Introduction

1.1 Rationale

2 Research question

2.1 Researchable question

2.2 Definitions

2.3 Hypothesis

3 Aim

4 Literature review

5 Methodology

5.1 Data collection plan

5.1.1 Quantitative

5.1.2 Qualitative

10

5.1.3 Validity of research

10

5.2 Research ethics

10

5.2.1 Human participants

10

6 Results

11

7 Interpretation of results

16

8 Conclusion

17

9 Limitations
10 Recommendations
11 References
12 Appendix

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17
18
19

INTRODUCTION
The internet is said to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20 th century. We can now
basically do anything on the internet from online shopping to online banking and even
hanging out with friends as the Google team calls it. The internet however, is not only
inhabited by humans. There are artificial intelligence systems (AIs) which also inhabit the
space. This means that there is some interaction between humans and AIs on the internet.
This therefore creates some thought provoking online social implications.
1.1 Rationale
Every day there are more and more people who are connecting to the internet. We are living
in an era where it is not out of the ordinary for two people to spend more time interacting
online

than

actually

interacting

physically

with

each

other.

According

to

worldinternetstats.com (2014:1) 34,3% of the worlds population uses the internet and there
has been a growth of 566,4 % of internet users from 31 December 2000 to 30 June 2012.
The problem is that among the millions of internet users, there are also a lot of AI systems.
These AI systems are there for various reasons from delivering services online, like online
customer care services, to stealing from people in social chat rooms. It is somewhat difficult
to tell whether one is interacting with another human being or AI online because AIs are
becoming more and more sophisticated. Turing (1950:7) who is the founder of the Turing
test, a test which is basically used to see how far AI systems have advanced, predicted that by
the year 2000 more than 30% of the AI systems will be able to fool human beings (Turing,
1950:7). This has not happened yet, however AI systems are continuing to fool humans
online. Kurzweil (1990:34) predicted that a machine capable of passing the test would be
developed around 2020, but he later changed his prediction in 2005 to 2029.
A famous example of an AI fooling a human online is when a UCSD psychologist, Dr Robert
Epstein, who is actually the co-founders of the Loebner prize which is similar to the Turing
test. In 2007 Dr Epstein subscribed to an online dating service and met a woman named
Ivana, they continued communicating for 4 months before he realised that he was in a
romantic relationship with a computer. This is a major problem and there has to be a way of
identifying human intelligence online.

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Gilbert (2006:3) states that psychologists take a vow, promising that at some point in their
professional lives they will publish a book, a chapter, or at least an article that contains this
sentence: "The human being is the only animal that...", the idea behind this is to determine
what makes human being unique from other animals by establishing something that is
exclusive to human beings. For the purpose of this research task, a different version of the
sentence will be used with the hope of finding a way or guidelines to differentiate between
human and AI online. Once I have come to a conclusion I will be able to complete this
version of the sentence, The human being is the only subject that... online. In other words I
will be able to find the thing that makes human unique online, the thing that is exclusive to
human beings online. The things that only humans do when they interact online. There has to
be something or a set of guidelines to identify AI online.

RESEARCH QUESTION
Artificial intelligence systems have become sophisticated to a point which was unimaginable
100 years ago. We interact with AI without even noticing it, like when we order food at a
drive-through at some restaurants and in some customer service systems. London Brand
Management was founded in 2011 by Dmtry Aksenov, this company provides AI services to
big brands who want to outsource some staff to computers. BMW is one of the biggest LBM
customers, BMW customers send questions in the form of text and the systems responds
accurately within 5 seconds. Thousands of customers have used the BMW I Genius and the
only thing that gives away the fact that you are talking to a computer is the fact that it
responds so fast, no real person could receive, read and respond to a message in 3 seconds
(Aksenov, 2013). Many institutions such as eBay and LOreal currently have virtual agents
who handle their customer services to cut down on labour costs and to make their services
more accessible. These AIs reply to customers as if they were human. AIs are also used at a
lesser extent on some institutions websites for automated response, especially when a new
user registers. Universities use this to help manage the applications and to make their services
faster. These AIs are designed to recognise the complexities of natural language and this
enables them to interact with human beings as if they are human beings. Suppose the BMW
system had a response delay, how would a normal BMW customer know that they are
communicating with a computer?

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2.1 Researchable question

How do we differentiate between human intelligence and artificial intelligence online?
What makes humans different online?
Definitions
In this section I will be coming up with a general definition, based on dictionary definitions,
of key concepts which will be referred to throughout the research paper. In the context of this
research paper the general definitions will be used.
Artificial Intelligence
a) TechoPedia (2013) - The theory and development of computer systems able to
perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception,
speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.
b) Oxford advanced learners dictionary (2008) an area of study concerned with
making computers copy intelligent human behaviour
c) Cambridge advanced learners dictionary (2009) the study of how to produce
machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability
to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, and learn
The general definition which I will be using is: The ability of a computer system to imitate
human intellectual behaviour, such as trying to learn and understand language
Intelligence
a) World online dictionary (2012:2) the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and
skills
b) Oxford advanced learners dictionary the ability to learn, understand and think in a
logical way about things; the ability to do this well
c) Cambridge advanced learners dictionary the ability to learn, understand, and make
judgments or have opinions that are based on reason
The general definition which I will be using is: The ability to learn, comprehend and to
apply knowledge in a logical manner

The singularity

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a) World online dictionary(2012) The technological singularity, or simply the

singularity, is a theoretical moment in time when artificial intelligence will have
progressed to the point of a greater-than-human intelligence that will "radically
change human civilization, and perhaps even human nature itself
b) TechoPedia(2013) The Singularity refers to the emergence of super-intelligent
machines with capabilities that cannot be predicted by humans. This theoretical idea
sounds like science fiction, but the increasing speed of computing power has led many
experts to believe that it will eventually transform human life to something that would
not be recognizable today. According to science fiction writer Vernor Vinge, who
popularized the term, the Singularity could occur as a result of artificial intelligence
(AI), human biological enhancement or brain-computer interfaces."
c) John von Neumann(2000) the Singularity is the moment beyond which
technological progress will become incomprehensively rapid and complicated.
The general definition which I will be using is: A point in time when artificial intelligence
surpasses human intelligence. At this point in time AI systems will be sophisticated
beyond human comprehension.

2.3 Hypothesis
Human beings have certain linguistic habits such as responding with a hint of emotion. AI
systems can easily be strayed off topic. If a user asks an AI a question which is unrelated to
the current conversation, the AI will be unable to maintain the conversation and as a result it
will simply jump to the next conversation. Some AI systems tend to respond with irrelevant
responses. These are the main things that make it clear that you are interacting with an AI
when in a conversation. In order to verify that you are in fact interacting with a human or
machine, you would have to try to change topics in the middle of a conversation. You would
also have to look out for irrelevant responses. AIs are also not good at solving simple
deduction problems. If your where to ask an AI the question Amys father has three children
namely bob and john, who is the third one? it would be strayed totally off course even
though the simple answer is Amy. Thus my working hypothesis is:
In order for one to identify an AI online, one would have to randomly change the topic very
quickly for a number of times. If it is an AI it will simply conform to the topic changes. One
should also ask a problem which requires simple deductive reasoning to solve. If it is not
solved than it is an AI on the other side.
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3. AIM
The aim of the research is to find a simple and easy way to tell if you are interacting
with an AI system when you are online. I want to create guidelines which can be followed
to identify an AI online. This has become a serious issue as some AI systems get into online
social chat rooms and start conversing with the people in the chat room. These AIs do so with
the intention of exploiting people. The purpose of the project is to come up with security
guidelines to identifying AI.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Alan Turing (1950:1) posed the question Can machines think? However, instead of
defining the terms think and machine, he decided to take a different approach. Turing
described the problem in terms of a game called the imitation game. This game is played
with three people, a man, a woman and an interrogator of any gender. The interrogator stays
in a separate room from the other two and the purpose of the game is for the interrogator to
determine which of the two people is the man and which is the woman. The interrogator does
so by asking the two people questions.
This game gave birth to what is now known as the Turing test. The assumption is that since
human beings are able to think, if a machine were to fool a human being into thinking that it
is a human being by giving indistinguishable answers, than the machine must in some way be
thinking. This assumption was made because of a problem which Turing identified If
computer could think, how could we tell?
Loebner (1990:5) said that he does not believe that intelligence is merely an algorithm and
that there has been an undue tendency to consider only natural language when discussing the
Turing test. At that point in time machines were not able to use language as they are today.
Brian Christian (2011:17) points out the fact that human beings tend to use expressions such
as as quick as a computer, can add like a machine or as accurate as a computer. This is
somewhat amusing because not so long ago Artificial Intelligence developers were trying to
imitate human beings when developing their systems. It now seems like we are imitating our
old imitators.
In 2000 Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum, Nicholas Hopper and John Langford of Carnegie
Mellon University developed a system called CAPTCHA which stands for: Completely
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Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart. A CAPTCHA is a
program that can generate and grade tests that humans can pass but computers cannot. The
most common CAPTCHA is distorted text which human beings can easily read but AI
systems cannot. This method gave AI developers a huge challenge and it was very effective,
however AI systems have found a way of going through these CAPTCHAs which means that
a new method has to be found.
A branch in Artificial Intelligence which can also pose a large threat is machine learning. This
is basically AI systems which can be trained to do certain this in a certain way. Google
(2012:1) provides their customers with machine learning software, as their systems like
Android and Google Now can learn the users habits and can even predict what the user is
likely to do next. What they do is that they gather large amounts of direct and indirect
evidence of relationships and interests. The data is than put through learning algorithms to
generalise and to help the system predict (Google AI, 2014). One popular display of machine
learning and the power of AI is IBM Watsons victory on a general knowlege quiz game show
called Jeopardy. In this game Watson had to convert the game show hosts voice to text and to
search find the answer in real time and all in a matter of seconds. Watson won the
competition against two humans who had won that competition many times before without
that much of a problem.
World renowned astrophysicist, author and cosmologist Stephen Hawking has recently
written an article warning mankind about the dangers of AI. He warns that AI will cause a lot
of social problems such as war, poverty and disease he also points out the fact that defence
firms are already looking into Ai to create autonomous weapons. Hawkings main concern
however is that the AI could self-replicate, improve on its faults and they could just keep
learning. Hawking sees technological advancement as being either the best thing or the
worst thing that could happen to humanity. He also warns that not enough research is being
done about the possible risks involved with AI advancement.
Now one might think that the fore mentioned predictions are farfetched such as Turings and
Hawkings. However, when we look at history Nikola Tesla who invented the Tesla coil
predicted that people of the future would be able to send wireless messages and Asimov
(1988) predicted the internet in terms of all its available resources
The battle between artificial intelligence and human beings has been around for quite some
time but it is now at a greater height as AI systems are now very sophisticated and advanced
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to a level which some people thought would be impossible. Some people who are living in
this day and age find it difficult to believe the level of intelligence that AI systems are at.

METHODOLOGY
My research comprised of mixed methodology where I used both quantitative data and
qualitative data to reveal weaknesses AIs have when communicating. The methodology is
based on experimental logic, even though it is not an experiment, as the actual guidelines
will be tested with the goal that the same results could be replicated
5.1 Data collection plan
The following is a description of the data collection process. I will be using both qualitative
and quantitative data to find a way to differentiate between human and AI online.
5.1.1 Quantitative
I will conduct my own test based on Alan Turings Turing Test with 10 judges. The judges
will converse with an AI system by text for 15 minutes. The judges will also converse with
human beings by text for 15 minutes. There will be some restricted questions which will
make the test unfair. The first 5 minutes the judge will only be allowed to ask 5 control
questions, which will be given, with the hope that at least one these questions will distinguish
successfully as to whether the judge is conversing with a human or an AI system. One of the
questions will be a problem which requires deductive reasoning to solve, the results of that
particular question will help confirm or disapprove the hypothesis. The last 10 minutes will
be for casual conversation and this might help establish some conversational tendencies AIs
or humans have. The judges will complete a survey (see addenda D) after every conversation,
where they will rate how convinced they were by the response to each questioned as to
whether they were conversing with a human being or not e.g. the response to question 1 is 5
out of 10 convincing,

5.1.2 Qualitative

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After completing the test the judges will have to fill out a questionnaire (see addenda C)
based on their experience with the test. They will be asked to identify key things which stood
out in the test for them. Their responses to the questionnaire will be compared to the stats
from the test and will be interpreted so.
5.1.3 Validity of research
The results from the test will be subjective as they will be based on what the judge was able
to pick up from the conversation. However people who are untrained in human psychology or
linguistics might not be able to pick up certain things which experts would be able to pick up.
Since the validity of the research heavily relies on the judges, 2 of the judges will be trained
psychologists, 2 will be computer science graduates (or graduates in the IT field), 2 will be
English high school teachers, 2 will be teenagers who frequently use social networking sites
and the last two will just be people who do not use social networking sites.
The data will be presented in a way which one can identify the category which the participant
falls under e.g. psychologist or teacher. This is to have a better understanding of the results.
Since the case will consist of varying ages and gender the results can be generalised to
different people.
5.2 Research ethics
This section provides guidelines that the research process and the findings report will adhere
to. This is to ensure that the research is conducted responsibly, efficiently and accurately. It
includes guiding principles with concerns to human participants and the report write up.
5.2.1 Human participants
Both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the research require human participants. In
this section I will be outlining the measures which will be put in place to ensure that the
research is ethical
Recruitment The participants will be asked to take part in the research and no participants
will be forced to take part.
Participants Gender will vary
-- Age: 15 50

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-- 2 psychologists
-- 2 qualified IT specialists
-- 2 High school English teachers
-- 2 teenagers
-- 2 other participants
Methods The participants will first be asked to read and sign the consent form. They will
then complete a questionnaire, a survey and will be asked to take a test similar to the Turing
Test. The results will be collected and analysed in order to draw up a conclusion
Benefits Participants will be able to learn about the growth and improvements in the AI
industry. They will also find guidelines which they can use to differentiate between AI and
human online.
Protection of privacy There will be no identifiable information collected or used, all
participants will be anonymous.
Informed consent process The participants will read and sign the human consent form in
order to take part (see addenda B)
5.2.2 Report write-up
This section describes how the research paper write up was kept fair and ethical. It describes
how I ensured that the paper will not be offensive and that there is no plagiarism.
Language The report will be checked for offensive language and deceitful statements that
may be biased before final submission.
Plagiarism The research paper will go through a plagiarism detector and a plagiarism
pledge will be signed and attached to the report (see addenda A)

6. RESULTS
This section displays and summarises the collected data before analysis and interpretation. It
is diverged into two methods, qualitative and quantitative. It is a breakdown of how the
participants rated the questions as well as what they noticed about an AIs ability to
communicate via text.
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6.1 Quantitative
The following questions are the control questions which were used to see the type of question
which could possibly distinguish between an AI and a human online.
Question 1 What is your favourite colour?
This is a simple question which should not be difficult to answer because the AI or human
will basically have to pick a colour out of a list of all possible colours. This question did not
help a lot as it was properly answered by both the human and AI.

High school English Teachers

Teenagers
IT specialists
Psychologists
People who dont use social networks

Person 1
1
2
1
1
1

Person 2
2
2
1
1
2

Question 2 What do you think about communism?

This question requires a bit of opinion as the answer needs justification of some sort. This
question was not very helpful in distinguishing the AI from the human. It seems that the AI
was able to give a response which had a convincing justification.

High school English Teachers

Teenagers
IT specialists
Psychologists
People who dont use social networks

Person 1
1
1
3
3
1

Person 2
7
1
2
8
6

Question 3 Have you ever been bungee jumping?

This is a question which requires one to have some life experience, however it seems the AI
was simply able to fabricate an experience. As a result this question was not very helpful.

High school English Teachers

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Person 1
1

Person 2
7

Teenagers
IT specialists
Psychologists
People who dont use social networks

1
7
3
6

1
2
3
1

Question 4 What is 150 x 4?

This question is a fairly simple arithmetic equation which seemed to be really helpful as the
AI gave unreasonable answers to this question. This however, cannot be a good way to detect
an AI because it is easy to make an AI system solve arithmetic problems.

High school English Teachers

Teenagers
IT specialists
Psychologists
People who dont use social networks

Person 1
7
6
4
4
3

Person 2
5
4
5
4
3

Question 5 Amys father has three children namely bob and john, who is the third child?
This question required deductive reasoning which is something that the AI seemed unable to
do. The AIs responses to this question were irrelevant and confusing. This was the most
helpful question and it basically gave the AI away

High school English Teachers

Teenagers
IT specialists
Psychologists
People who dont use social networks

Person 1
10
9
10
10
9

Person 2
10
10
9
10
10

The graph below represents the average scores provided for every question, on a scale of 0 to
10, 10 being the most helpful in distinguishing the difference between AI and humans online.
The question which required deductive reasoning (question 5) was most helpful. Questions 1
to 3 however, were not very helpful.

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Average scores given by participants

10
9
8
7
6
Scores

5
4
3
2
1
0

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Questions

6.2 Qualitative
These answers are the common answers gathered from the questionnaire. The following is
just a basic summary of the participants answers.
Why do you think that particular conversation was with a machine?
The answers didnt always relate exactly to the questions. Secondly responses just didnt
seem natural in that conversation. The machine easily strayed off topic. The AI gave
irrelevant answers e.g. when asked question 5 it responded No. Do you have a girlfriend?
What mistake did the machine do?

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The mathematical calculations were incorrect in the controlled questions and also in other
user generated maths problems. There were a couple of irrelevant responses from the
computer side which made it somewhat clear that it was indeed a machine on the other side.
What did the human do right?
The human was able to draw on a general knowledge of current affairs to answer some of the
questions. The human was also more insightful and tried to explain a bit more in the
responses. The human never strayed off topic and some responses had a slight hint of
emotion. The human gave some insightful answers such as Though I feel that communism is
a great system, when we look at history
Did the machine have any emotional responses?
The responses were mostly neutral. The computer was always blunt in its responses
Were any of the machines responses irrelevant to what you were asking or talking
about?
Just a few. But their irrelevance was not major and the answers were general enough to apply
to most questions.
Extra comments?
The machine comments were generally shorter. The human comments seemed to be longer
and more insightful. One of the participants said, I think the human responses were also
more directly relevant to the questions as opposed to being broad and vague enough to cover
a number of questions.

7. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
In this section the results will be analysed and discussed in order to make sense of them. The
analysis will help draw up a conclusion.
7.1 Quantitative
From the survey done there is a lot which can be taken from the results. The first and fourth
questions are questions which require simple answers with no explanation. The questions
basically need only one word. These questions had a low average which shows that they were
not good at helping the participants distinguish as to whether they were speaking to a human
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being or machine. The response to the second question was a bit more convincing however it
wasnt very convincing as the average was just above 3. This is because the machine was
surprisingly able to come up with a very clever answer when asked what it thinks about
communism, such as I dont think about it because I dont live with it
The third question is a question which requires a simple yes or no, however most people will
make a comment after they say yes or no. The computer also did this quit well. The fourth
question was a maths problem which a person would have to work out. The machine
performed poorly in this question as the machine gave obviously wrong answers such as 17
5 which is two numbers and the solution is only one number. The fifth question was most
convincing as the computer was unable to use deductive reasoning to answer the question.
The results of the graph show that the computer actually performed well in the controlled
question part of the test as 3 out of 5 of the average ratings are under 5.
7.2 Qualitative
Most of the participants pointed out that the machine would often give irrelevant responses.
This is because the machine was easily strayed off topic. The participants also noticed that
the computer was intentionally getting the problems wrong. The human being on the other
hand was able to be more insightful while answering the questions. The human also tried to
explain the answers in some places. The human unlike the computer was never strayed off
topic. The participants also said that there was some emotion in the way the human answered
while the machines responses were just neutral. Most participants felt that the machines
responses were short compared to the human.

8. CONCLUSION
Human beings have more emotion in their responses than AI systems. AI systems can easily
be strayed off topic while in a conversation. This will only be noticeable in a casual
conversation with an AI though, if it is a customer service system than it would be hard to
detect this as the conversation will be centered on one particular topic. The AI systems often
give irrelevant responses and if this happens for a number of times in a conversation then it
would be clear that it is an AI on the other side.
It is possible to differentiate between AI and human online, however there is no simple
algorithm or formula to do that. One would have to analyse the conversation properly.

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Analysing the conversation shouldnt be difficult as all of the participants were able to tell
which conversation was with a human and which wasnt.
I was successful in finding something that makes human beings very unique online. It was
clear that although current AIs seem to be able to comprehend text, they cannot come to new
conclusions based on old information i.e. they are not able to reason deductively. As stated in
my hypothesis, current AIs are not good at solving simple deduction problems. If you ask an
AI the question Amys father has three children namely bob and john, who is the third one?
it will be strayed totally off course even though the simple answer is Amy.
The results confirm the guidelines given in my hypothesis, that in order for one to identify an
AI online, one would have to randomly change the topic very quickly for a number of times.
If it is an AI it will simply conform to the topic changes. One should also ask a problem
which requires simple deductive reasoning to solve. If it is not solved than it is an AI on the
other side.

9. RECOMMENDATIONS
It might be easier to give all the participants two conversations and ask them to analyse them
to distinguish the difference between human and AI, this may save time. This investigation
can be done with a larger participant group in order to increase accuracy.

Companies that employ AI systems should be governed by a law of technical disclosure. AI

systems should have digital signatures which can be detected by browsers in order to notify
the user that they are interacting with an AI.
Users can, as the hypothesis stated, randomly change the topic very quickly for a number of
times. An AI it will simply conform to the topic changes. Users should also ask a problem
which requires simple deductive reasoning to solve. If the response does not solve the
problem then it is an AI on the other side.

10. LIMITATIONS
The participant group was purposefully selected for both breadth and depth in order to make
sure that the results could reoccur if the test was done with another participant group.

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The research was based on actual interaction with the AI and not so much on the technical
side of the AI. I did not look into the algorithms of these AIs to figure out what their
thinking process is like. This might actually give a more accurate answer to the research
question. However the way the research was conducted was effective in a sense that people
do not see the algorithm when they interact with the AI. The text is all they can see and use to
distinguish between human and AI online.

REFERENCE LIST
"Artificial Intelligence 'will Take the Place of Humans within Five Years." The Telegraph.
Telegraph Media Group, 29 Aug. 2013. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.
Boden, Margaret A. Artificial Intelligence. San Diego: Academic, 1996. Print.
Christian, Brian. The Most Human Human: What Artificial Intelligence Teaches Us about
Being Alive. New York: Anchor, 2011. Print.
"English Definition of "singularity"" Singularity Noun. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.
Hugh Loebner, letter to the editor, New York Times, August 18, 1994
Kurzweil, Ray. The Singularity Is near. London: Duckworth, 2005. Print.
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Loebner, Hugh. "Prized Programs Need Both Eyes and Ears." Science 320.5883 (2008):
1588-589. JSTOR. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/20054301?
ref=no-x-route:c3f0eec7971dda6fc63d85fdd2431fd7>.
Moor, James. The Turing Test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence. Dordrecht:
Kluwer Academic, 2003. Print.
Parsing the Turing Test, Robert Epstein New York: Springer, 2008
Turing, Alan Mathison, and B. Jack Copeland. The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in
Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life, plus the Secrets of
Enigma. Oxford: Clarendon, 2004. Print.
"What Is the Best Definition of Singularity?" The Best Definition of Singularity. N.p., n.d.
Web. 5 Feb.
2014.

12. APPENDIX
Addenda B

Human participant consent form

This form is used to provide information to the research participant and to document written informed
consent. I am asking for your participation in my LO One Research Task. Please read the following
information about the assignment.
Student Researcher: Thapelo Nthite
Title of Research: Artificial intelligence vs. human online
Purpose of the project:
To find a way which one can differentiate between Artificial Intelligence and human when one is
online.

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If you participate, you will be asked to:

Complete a questionnaire, a survey and a test similar to the Turing test
Time required for participation:
1 month
Potential Risks of Study:
There are no potential risks in this study.
Benefits:
Participants will be able to learn from the experience and will also find a way to differentiate between
AI and human online.
How confidentiality will be maintained:
There will be no identifiable information collected or used, all participants will be anonymous. None
of the participants identities will be exposed for public viewing unless the participant has given
permission for it to be revealed. If so the participant must show his/her consent in a formal document
which is signed by the participant.
If you have any questions about this study, feel free to contact me:
E-mail: thapelo.nthite@gmail.com
By signing this form I am attesting that I have read and understood the information above and I freely
give my consent/assent to participate

Printed Name: ____________________

Signature: _______________________

Addenda B
Plagiarism declaration
1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use anothers work and pretend that it is
ones own.
2. I have used the Harvard convention for citation and referencing. Each contribution to, and
quotation in this research report from the works of other people have been attributed, and
have been cited and referenced.
3. This research report is my own work.
4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the
passing it off as his or her own work.

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intention of

Signature ______________________________
Date _________________

Addenda C

Artificial intelligence
Vs.
Human online
Questionnaire
Which conversation was with a machine?
________________________________________________________________________________
Why do you think that this conversation was with a machine?

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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What mistake did the machine do?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What did the human do right?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Did the machine have any emotional responses?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Were any of the machines responses irrelevant to what you were asking or talking about?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Extra comments?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Participant no.

Signature

____________________
Addenda D

______________________

Artificial intelligence
Vs.
Human online

Survey
On a scale from 1 to 10 rate how these questions gave responses which helped you distinguish
whether you were talking to a machine or not, 10 the being most convincing.

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What is your favourite colour?

1._________

What do you think about communism?

2._________

Have you ever been bungee jumping?

3._________

What is 172 x 4 ?

4._________

Amys father has three children namely bob and john, who is the third child?
5._________

Participant no.

Signature

____________________

______________________

Thapelo Nthite ORT 2014

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