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Analysis Using
Workbench v15
Michael Bak
November 2014
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Thin columns, compression members, and vacuum tanks are all examples of
structures where stability considerations are important.
At the onset of instability (buckling) a structure will have a very large change in
displacement {u} under essentially no change in the load (beyond a small
load perturbation).
F
Stable
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Unstable
A structure generally becomes unstable at a load lower than the critical load
because of imperfections and nonlinear behavior.
F
Linear
Eigenvalue
Buckling
Pre-buckling
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Nonlinear
Buckling
u
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{P0 } = [K e ]{u0 }
to obtain
{u0} =
{} =
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{P} = {P0 }
{u} = {u0 }
{ } = { 0 }
[K ( )] = [K ( 0 )]
Thus, the incremental equilibrium equations expressed for the entire prebuckling range become
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At the onset of instability (the buckling load {Pcr}), the structure can exhibit
a change in deformation {u} in the case of no additional loading:
{P} {0}
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Buckling of a cylinder.
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Nonlinear Buckling
Bifurcation Point,
Eigenvalue
Buckling
Nonlinear
Buckling
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Nonlinear Buckling
In a nonlinear buckling analysis, the goal is to find the first limit point (the
maximum load before the solution becomes unstable).
Nonlinear buckling is more accurate than eigenvalue buckling and is
therefore recommended for the design or evaluation of structures.
Post-buckling can also be modeled in nonlinear buckling.
Nonlinear
Buckling
Post-buckling
First Limit
Point
u
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The applied load should be set to a value slightly higher (10 to 20%) than the
critical load predicted by the eigenvalue buckling analysis.
Write out results for a sufficient number of results steps so that you can
examine the load deflection curve.
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The buckling load can be found by reviewing the load deflection curve.
A flat (or near-flat) curve indicates buckling. The tangent stiffness will approach
zero as the structure nears its buckling load.
Fapp
Unconverged
Solution
KT > 0
Unconverged
Solution
KT 0
Last
Converged
Solution
Last
Converged
Solution
u
Numerical Instability
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Fapp
u
Physical Instability (buckling)
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Thank you!
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