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  • Examining Temporal Patterns in Evapotranspiration and Vegetation Cover in Santa Barbara County

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    jpeterson1
    193 Ansichten15 Seiten
    Jesse Schaffer, Hobart and William Smith Colleges - Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and is critical in quantifying water demand within an ecosystem. This characterization of water demand becomes increasingly important during times of drought when water is scarce. The goal of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in ET over the course of the California drought and examine how vegetation cover has responded to these changes. To do this we constructed a time series of meteorological and solar radiation data from January 1, 2011 to September 1, 2015 at two locations in Santa Barbara County. The first station is located along the coast at Coal Oil Point Reserve (COPR) and the second is inland at Sedgwick Reserve (AIRS). We calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the meteorological stations using the Penman-Monteith Equation. From there we used the Bowen Ratio to calculate actual evapotranspiration (AET). To examine the vegetation response over the same time period we used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products from MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua. In the study, we found no significant changes in PET, AET, and ET deficit (PET-AET) at COPR over the course of the drought. However, at AIRS we saw ~1 mm increase in PET while AET decreased by ~1 mm, thus leading to an increase in ET deficit. We related these PET, AET, and ET deficit values to EVI and NDVI values at each location and found that at both locations the best correlation was between NDVI and ET deficit, with an R2 value of 0.410 at AIRS and 0.485 at COPR. The overall trend of EVI and NDVI at each location was similar although at AIRS there was larger inter-seasonal variability consistent with the ET deficit.

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    Jesse Schaffer, Hobart and William Smith Colleges - Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and is critical in quantifying water demand within an ecosystem. This characterization of water demand becomes increasingly important during times of drought when water is scarce. The goal of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in ET over the course of the California drought and examine how vegetation cover has responded to these changes. To do this we constructed a time series of meteorological and solar radiation data from January 1, 2011 to September 1, 2015 at two locations in Santa Barbara County. The first station is located along the coast at Coal Oil Point Reserve (COPR) and the second is inland at Sedgwick Reserve (AIRS). We calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the meteorological stations using the Penman-Monteith Equation. From there we used the Bowen Ratio to calculate actual evapotranspiration (AET). To examine the vegetation response over the same time period we used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products from MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua. In the study, we found no significant changes in PET, AET, and ET deficit (PET-AET) at COPR over the course of the drought. However, at AIRS we saw ~1 mm increase in PET while AET decreased by ~1 mm, thus leading to an increase in ET deficit. We related these PET, AET, and ET deficit values to EVI and NDVI values at each location and found that at both locations the best correlation was between NDVI and ET deficit, with an R2 value of 0.410 at AIRS and 0.485 at COPR. The overall trend of EVI and NDVI at each location was similar although at AIRS there was larger inter-seasonal variability consistent with the ET deficit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    193 Ansichten15 Seiten

    Examining Temporal Patterns in Evapotranspiration and Vegetation Cover in Santa Barbara County

    Hochgeladen von

    jpeterson1
    Jesse Schaffer, Hobart and William Smith Colleges - Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle and is critical in quantifying water demand within an ecosystem. This characterization of water demand becomes increasingly important during times of drought when water is scarce. The goal of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in ET over the course of the California drought and examine how vegetation cover has responded to these changes. To do this we constructed a time series of meteorological and solar radiation data from January 1, 2011 to September 1, 2015 at two locations in Santa Barbara County. The first station is located along the coast at Coal Oil Point Reserve (COPR) and the second is inland at Sedgwick Reserve (AIRS). We calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) from the meteorological stations using the Penman-Monteith Equation. From there we used the Bowen Ratio to calculate actual evapotranspiration (AET). To examine the vegetation response over the same time period we used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products from MODIS Terra and MODIS Aqua. In the study, we found no significant changes in PET, AET, and ET deficit (PET-AET) at COPR over the course of the drought. However, at AIRS we saw ~1 mm increase in PET while AET decreased by ~1 mm, thus leading to an increase in ET deficit. We related these PET, AET, and ET deficit values to EVI and NDVI values at each location and found that at both locations the best correlation was between NDVI and ET deficit, with an R2 value of 0.410 at AIRS and 0.485 at COPR. The overall trend of EVI and NDVI at each location was similar although at AIRS there was larger inter-seasonal variability consistent with the ET deficit.

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    Terminology

    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods
    Results
    Conclusion

    PET Potential Evapotranspiration


    How much water would evaporate given an
    unlimited supply of water

    AET Actual Evapotranspiration

    ET Deficit - PET-AET

    http://geog.ucsb.edu/ideas/Locations.html

    Terminology

    Motivation

    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods
    Results
    Conclusion

    ET is one of the most important components of the


    hydrological cycle
    PET is used to quantify potential water demand
    across ecosystems worldwide
    Personally interested
    in how the
    atmosphere is
    affected by other
    parts of the geosphere

    https://cityandwaterblog.wordpress.com/2014/11/09/the-flying-rivers-of-amazonia/

    Terminology
    Motivation

    Research Questions

    Location
    Methods
    Results
    Conclusion

    What has the behavior of ET been over the


    course of the drought?
    How is vegetation responding to these
    changes?

    Is there variation
    between locations?

    http://geog.ucsb.edu/ideas/COPR.html

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions

    Location

    Methods
    Results
    Conclusion

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location

    Methods

    Results
    Conclusion

    January 1st 2011 - September 1st 2015

    UCSB Met Station Data at COPR & Sedgwick


    Reserve
    Penman-Monteith Eq.
    lET = Latent heat flux (Wm-2)
    Rn = Net Radiation (Wm-2)
    G = Soil Heat flux (Wm-2)*
    ra = density of dry air: 1.225kg/m3 at 15C +
    Cp = specific heat of air (1005 JKg-1K-1)
    es = Saturation Vapor Pressure (kPa)
    ea = Vapor Pressure (kPa)
    rs & ra (bulk and aerodynamic resistance: s/m)
    D = Slope of SVP curve at T (s is also used)
    g = psychrometric constant: 0.067 kPaC-1+

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location

    Methods

    Results
    Conclusion

    Use Bowen Ratio to


    calculate AET from PET

    Coal Oil Point Station

    b=H/LE
    LE = -(R+G)/(1+b)

    EVI & NDVI product from


    MODIS Terra and Aqua

    http://geog.ucsb.edu/ideas/

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location

    Methods

    Results
    Conclusion

    No surface temperature measurement at AIRS

    Developed a 2nd order polynomial


    function at COPR relating air temperature
    to surface
    temperature

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods

    PET at AIRS and COPR

    Results

    PET AIRS

    PET COPR

    Linear (PET AIRS)

    Conclusion

    Linear (PET COPR )

    12

    10

    ET (mm)

    0
    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    Date

    2015

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods

    AET at AIRS and COPR

    Results

    AET AIRS

    AET COPR

    Linear (AET AIRS)

    Conclusion

    Linear (AET COPR )

    10

    ET (mm)

    -2

    -4
    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    Date

    10

    2015

    ET Deficit at AIRS and COPR

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods

    Results

    Conclusion

    ET Deficit AIRS

    ET Deficit COPR

    Linear (ET Deficit AIRS)

    Linear (ET Deficit COPR )

    10

    ET (mm)

    -2

    -4

    -6
    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    Date
    11

    2015

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods

    NDVI at AIRS and COPR

    Results

    Conclusion

    NDVI at AIRS

    NDVI at COPR

    Linear (NDVI at AIRS)

    Linear (NDVI at COPR)

    8000
    7000

    NDVI (x10,000)

    6000
    5000
    4000
    3000
    2000
    1000
    0
    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    Date

    12

    2015

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods
    Results

    Conclusion

    13

    ET behavior along the coast has not changed


    Inland, PET has increased while AET has
    decreased
    ET deficit correlates best to plant stress
    Despite different trends in ET deficit between
    sites NDVI trends are alike

    David Miller
    Dr. Dar Roberts

    NSERC

    NASA SARP

    14

    Terminology
    Motivation
    Research Questions
    Location
    Methods
    Results
    Conclusion

    Rainfall at AIRS and COPR

    Rainfall at COPR

    120

    100

    20

    80

    40

    60

    60

    40

    80

    20

    100

    120

    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    Date

    15

    2015

    Rainfall at COPR (mm)

    Rainfall at AIRS (mm)

    Rainfall at AIRS

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