Electrical Measurements: [Code: EE203]

Credit: 3/Contact: 3L
Types of errors: Gross errors, systematic errors and random errors; probability of
errors- normal distribution of errors probable errors; limiting errors.
General features: Construction and principle of operation of Moving coil, Moving
iron, Dynamometer, Induction and Rectifier type deflecting instruments; deflecting,
controlling and damping torques; extension of instrument ranges using shunts,
multipliers.
Current transformer (CT) & Potential transformer (PT): Construction,
characteristics, errors and testing and calibration, extension of instrument ranges
using CTs & PTs.
Measurement of resistance: Measurement of low resistance- Kelvin double
bridge; Measurement of medium resistance- Wheatstone bridge, series & shunt type
ohmmeter; Measurement of high resistance-megger, measurement of surface
resistivity.
Localization of Cable Fault
A.C. bridge method: Maxwells bridge for self-inductance measurement, Hays
bridge for large self-inductance measurement; Carey Foster mutual inductance
measurement, Campbells bridge for comparison of mutual inductances; Schering
bridge and De-sauty bridge for the measurement of capacitances; frequency
measurement by Wien bridge; detectors.
Potentiometers: Principle of the potentiometer, multi-range potentiometers,
multi-range potentiometers, potentiometer sensitivity, potentiometer use for the
measurement of resistance, current and voltage; A.C. potentiometer, polar type &
co-ordinate type potentiometers.
Integrating type instruments: AC and DC energy meters, induction type energy
meter, testing of energy meter-phantom loading.
Measurement of active and reactive power: Dynamometer Wattmeter, polyphase circuits along with CT/PT connections
Magnetic measurements: Measurement of magnetic flux; magnetization curves
and hysteresis loops; magnetic measurements using Hall Effect.
Text Books:
1. Golding E.W. & Wides F.C., Electrical Measuring Instruments & Measurements,
Wheeler.
2. Sawhney A K, A course in Electrical & Electronic Measurements & Instruments,
Dhanpat Rai.
3. Ernest O. Doebelin, Measurement Systems Application and Design, McGraw Hill.
Reference Books:

1. Heltrick A.D. & Copoper W.D., Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measuring
Instruments, Wheeler.
2. Singh, Industrial Instrumentation &control, 2/e Tata Mcgraw-Hill.
3. Bolton W, Instrumentation & Process Measurement, Universities Press.