Age Psychosocial Psychosexual Piaget Physical Motor Toy Play Fear

Cognitive Developm Development

ent
NB- ▪Trust vs. ▪Oral Phase ▪Sensorimotor Neonate: ▪Neonate: ▪Birth to ▪Solitary Play ▪Separation
Infancy Mistrust - mouth is the -practical - gains 5-7 -behavior is 4 mos Birth-4 mos. from parents
- trust is the site of intelligence oz weekly reflex rattles, a. provide a. searches
foundation of gratification -babies for 1st 6 controlled musical variety of for parents
all psychosocial - activities communicate mos. -flexed toys, brightly with eyes
task include biting, through senses - grows 1 extremities brightly colored b. shows
-develop trust crying and and reflexes inch for 1st -can lift head colored objects with preference
by satisfying sucking -sees 6 mos. slightly off bed objects different sizes for parents
infant’s need on -should be environment as - head when prone of and textures c. develops
time, consistent provided with part of self; circumferen ▪1-4 mos different b.Hang stranger
and adequate oral egocentric ce: 33-33.5 -primitive sizes and mobiles anxiety
care and giving stimulation Birth-4mos. – cm, equal reflexes fade textures within 8-10 around 6
experiences that -never undifferentiated to or -gains head ▪5-7 inches of mos.
will add to discourage response to slightly control; mos. infant’s face ▪Pain
security such as thumb-sucking environment larger than balances head Brightly c.Expose to a. reacts with
touching, 4-12 mos. – chest; in sitting colored various generalized
hugging, eye to -activities not increases ½ position toys to environmental body
eye contact, related to the inch -rolls from hold and sounds movement
kissing and soft body monthly for back to side squeeze 2. 5-7 mos. and loud
music -discover 1st 6 mos. -begins such as a. provide crying
▪Psychosocial object’s or - brain 2/3 voluntary stuffed brightly b. can be
tasks person’s adult size at hand-to-mouth toys colored toys distracted
Neonatal – permanence 1 year activity ▪8-12 to hold and with talking,
- cries to ▪Cognitive ▪5-6mos. mos squeeze sucking
express Tasks - intentional Stack b. allow opportunities
displeasure Neonate – rolling over toys, infant to
- smiles reflexive - supports blocks, splash in bath
indiscriminately behavior only weight on pots, c. provide
-receives 1-4 mos. – arms pans, crib mirror
gratification -recognizes -creeping drums to ▪8-12 mos.
through sucking familiar faces - can grasp and bang on, a. provide
-makes throaty -interested in let go walker toys with
sounds surroundings voluntarily and movable
1-4 mos. – -discovers own - Transfers push-pull parts, noise
-vocalization body parts toys from one toys makers
distinct from 5-6 mos. – hand to b. play games
crying and - begins to another
differentiated imitate - sits with
crying, stares at -can find support
parent’s faces at partially hidden
one month objects
-smiles socially 7-9 mos.
at 2 months -begins to
-shows understand
excitement object
when happy, permanence
demands - reacts to adult
attention and anger; cries when
enjoys social scolded
interaction with - imitates simple
people at 4 acts and noises
months - responds to
5-6 mos. – simple
-begins to commands
imitate sounds 10-12 months –
-recognizes - recognizes
parents objects by name
-stranger - looks at and
anxiety and follows pictures
comfort habits in a book
begin - shows more
7-9 mos. – goal-directed
- verbalizes all activities
bowels and
most
consonants
-increased
stranger
anxiety and
anxiety over
separation
from parent
-exhibits
aggressiveness
by biting at
times
-understands
 word no
10-12 mos.
-imitates animal
sounds, can say
only 4-5 words
but understands
many more
-begins to
explore
surroundings
-plays games
such as pat-a-
cake and peek-
a-boo
-shows
emotions such
as jealousy,
affection,
anger, fear
Toddler Autonomy vs. Anal Phase: Sensorimotor: Tricycles Parallel Play Separation
Shame and - Site of Tertiary , wagons, Period Anxiety
Doubt gratification: Circular outdoor -imitation of
- independence anal Reaction12-24 gym, adults often
means self- - Activitties months sandbox, part of play
governance include - engaging in wading -begins
- give elimination, same activities pool, imaginative
opportunity for retention/defec with different construct and make-
decision- ation of feces objects or the ion sets, believe play
making may occur other way around blocks, - provide toys
-encourage - principles of Preoperational carpentry appropriate
child to make holding on and Stage: tols, for increased
decision rather letting go, Preoperational flash locomotive
than judge mother wins or Preconceptual cards, skills
-set limits child wins 2-4 y.o. illustrate -give toys to
-saying wrong -begin to d books, provide outlet
develops doubt understand puzzles, for aggressive
Psychosocial symbols paints, feelings
tasks: - use of language crayons, -provide toys
- increases and creative play clay, to held
independence - begins to think simple develop fine
- less likely to in terms of past, sewing motor skils
fear strangers present and sets
- able to help future
with - by
dressing/undres manipulating
sing by 18 symbols, child is
months and essentially
dresses self at thinking
24 months - quite egocentric
- has sustained Cognitive
attention span Tasks:
- may have -follows simple
temper directions by 2
tantrums which yrs
decrease by 2 ½ - begins to use
yrs. short sentences at
- vocabulary 18 mos. to 2 yrs.
increases from - can remember
10-20 words to and repeat 3 no.s
900 words by 3 by 3 yrs.
years - knows own
- has beginning name by 12
awareness of mos., refers to
ownership at 18 self, gives first
mos. And name by 24
shows proper mos., gives full
use of pronouns name by 3 yrs.
by 3 years - able to identify
- moves from geometric forms
hoarding and by 18 mos.
possessiveness - achieves object
at 18 months to permanence
sharing with - uses magical
peers by 3 years thinking
-toilet training - uses ritualistic
usually behavior
completed at 3 -may develop
years dependency on
transitional
object
Pre-school Initiative Vs. Phallic Phase: Preoperational Associative ▪Greatest
Guilt - Site of Stage: Intuitive Play Period number of
- learns how to gratification: 4-7 yrs. - enjoys real and
do basic things Genitalia - learns to imitative and imagined
- initiative gives -Activities: understand dramatic play fears of
and opportunity may show relationships: - provide toys childhood
in exploring exhibitionism, same and to develop during this
new places and and increased different; classes; gross motor period
events knowledge of number concepts skills ▪ Fears
-right time for two sexes - understands -provide toys concerning
amusement - Girl: Electra that when he to encourage body
parks Complex breaks rules he gross motor integrity are
Psychosocial - Boy: Oedipal will be punished skils, self- common
tasks: Complex Cognitive Dev’t: expression
- becomes - focuses on one and cognitive
independent: idea at a time development
feeds self - awareness of -imaginary
completely, racial and sexual playmates
dresses self and differences begin common
takes increased - has beginning during this
responsibility concept of period
for actions causality
- - understanding
aggressiveness of time develops
and impatience - has 2000-word
peak at 4 years vocabulary and
then abate, can name 4 or
child is eager to more colors by 5
please and years
manners - very inquisitive
become more
evident at 5
years
-egocentricity
changes to
awareness of
others
-rules become
important
-understands
 sharing
School Age Industry vs. Latent Phase Concrete Board Cooperative More
Inferiority - period of Operational games, Play realistic
- learns how to suppression Thought collectio -rules and fears than
do things well - child’s - can find ns, rituals younger
- give energy is solutions to books, dominate play children,
opportunity for diverted to a everyday televisio -team play: include
short more concrete problems with n, games or death,
assignments type of systematic painting sports disease or
and projects thinking reasoning materials -quiet games bodily
- unfinished - help the child - aware of , and activities injury,
project will achieve concept of bicycles, -athletic punishment,
develop positive reversibility and skates activities such school
inferiority experiences so concept of as swimming, phobia may
-efforts of he will be conservation bicycling, develop
learning should ready to face Cognitive Dev’t: skating
be supported he conflicts of - period of
Psychosocial adolescence industry:
task: interested in
- school exploration and
occupies half adventure, likes
waking hours; to accomplish or
has cognitive produce,
and social develops
impact confidence
- morality - concept of time
develops and space
-peer develops:
relationships understands
-enjoys family causality,
activities masters concept
- has some of conservation,
ability to masters
evaluate own arithmetic and
strengths and reading
weaknesses
- has increased
self-direction
- is aware of
won body,
 modesty
develops
Adolescence Identity vs. Genital Phase Formal Activities: ▪Threats to
Role - Site of Operational group body image:
Confusion Gratification: Thought: activities acne,
- learns who he/ Genitalia - cognition predominate obesity,
she is, what - Activities: achieved at its (sports are homosexuali
kind of person achieve sexual final form important) ty
he/she will maturity and - can solve ▪injury or
become by learn to hypothetical death
adjusting to establish problems with ▪ the
new body satisfactory scientific unknown
image and relationship reasoning
seeking with opposite - abstract and
emancipation sex mature thought
Psychosocial Cognitive Dev’t:
Tasks: - develops
▪ early abstract thinking
adolescence: abilities
ages 12 -13 - often unrealistic
- starts with - capable of
puberty scientific
- physical body reasoning and
changes result formal logic
in altered self- - enjoys
concept intellectual
-tends to abilities
compare own - able to view
body to media problems
idols comprehensively
- early and late
developers have
anxiety
regarding fear
of rejection
- fantasy life,
day dreams,
crushes are all
normal
-prone to mood
swings
- needs limits
and consistent
discipline
▪ middle
adolescence:
ages 14-16
-separate from
parents except
financially
-partakes in
peer group
- has increased
heterosexual
interests
-sex education
is complete at
this point
▪late
adolescence:
ages 17-19
-physically and
financially
independent
- chooses a
vocation
-participates ion
society
-finds an
identity
- finds a mate
- develops own
morality
- completes
physical and
emotional
maturity