The

Challenges of the

Changing Climate
and Local Communi4es

Bata, Kaya Natin To! Children can make a difference in
communities
building safe ad resilient

A Forum on Child-Centred DRR and CCA

16-17 October 2012
Bayleaf Hotel, Intramuros, Manila

Outline of Presenta4on

Climate Change Mi-ga-on vs. Disaster

Mi-ga-on
Sec-on 3 of the DRRM Act/RA 10121

Structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse

impact of natural hazards, environmental degrada-on, and technological
hazards and to ensure the ability of at-risk communi-es to address
vulnerabili-es aimed at minimizing the impact of disasters. Such measures
include, but are not limited to, hazard-resistant construc-on and
engineering works, the formula-on and implementa-on of plans,
programs, projects and ac-vi-es, awareness raising, knowledge
management, policies on land-use and resource management, as well as
the enforcement of comprehensive land-use planning, building and safety
standards, and legisla-on.

Sec-on 3n of the Climate Change Act/RA 9729

Mi4ga4on in the context of climate change, refers to human

interven-on to address anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals
by sinks of all GHG, including ozone deple-ng substances and their
subs-tutes.
Adapta4on refers to the adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected clima-c s-muli or their eects, which
moderates harm or exploits benecial opportuni-es.

Conceptual Linkages of Climate Change Adaptation

and Disaster Risk Management (CCA-DRM)
Climate Change Adaptation:

Disaster Risk Management

Reduce vulnerability to:

Gradual changes in
climatic parameters

Sea level
rise

Rising mean
temperature

Reduce vulnerability to:

Climate- and
weather-related
hazards

Extreme weather events

with increased frequency
and severity

Changes in
precipitation
patterns

Geophysical
hazards

Ecological
hazards

Direct connection

Potential connections

Exploit connections using

co-benefit strategies

Top-down / National
govt policies.

Bottom-up /
Community-based

(SOURCE: Castillo, Charlotte Kendra G, 2007)

Simplified Vulnerability Assessment Approach

Impact Assessment

Vulnerability
Assessment

Ac-on
(Adapta-on &
Mi-ga-on)
Assessment

Priori-ze and
Build Capacity

Monitoring and
Evalua-on

Priori-ze and
Implement Ac-ons

IPCC Biophysical Vulnerability Approach

The (IPCC) approach is a func-on of the character,

magnitude, and rate of climate change and
varia-on to which a system is exposed, its
sensi-vity, and its adap-ve capacity

V = f ( E, S, AC )

Natural Hazards Risk-Based Approach

Differences and Similarities

V = f ( E, S, AC )

Observed and Projected Annual Mean Temperature Anomalies for the Philippines
Period 1951 to 2100 (Departures from 1971-2000 normal values)
4.00

OBS

3.50

A1B

3.00

A2

Temperature Anomaly (C)

2.50
2.00
1.50

1.00
0.50

MEAN TEMPARATURE
PERIOD
A1B
A2
2020 28.4
28.1
2050 29.4
29.1
2100 30.5
30.8
BASELINE
27.40

0.00

-0.50

PAGASA-DOST

2096

2091

2086

2081

2076

2071

2061

2056

2051

2046

2041

2036

Year

2031

2026

2021

2016

2011

2006

2001

1996

1991

1986

1981

1976

1971

1966

1961

1956

1951

-1.00

Projected seasonal temperature increase (in C)

in the Philippines in 2020 and 2050
All areas of the
Philippines will
get warmer
All areas in the
Philippines are
expected to rise
by 0.9 C to 1.1 C
in 2020 and by
1.8 C to 2.2 C in
2050
Source: PAGASA

Projected rainfall change (increase/decrease) in

% in 2020 and 2050 in the Philippines
Usually wet
seasons become
wetter which could
lead to flood
occurrences
Usually dry
seasons become
drier which could
lead to drought
spells
Source: PAGASA

 SEA LEVEL RISE

Increasing Intensity of typhoons and precipita-on

(1945-2006)
A total of 1128 tropical cyclones
entered the PAR and 56 % of this
tropical cyclone reached typhoon
intensity. Each year, the
Philippines is hit by an average of
20 typhoons.

Most of the deadliest and excep-onally damaging typhoons that

hit the Philippines occurred in the last two decades: Over US$2
Billion in direct damages and causing the deaths of over 25,000
Filipinos (excluding damages from Ketsana and Parma)

Source: PAGASA

Climate Change Act of 2009

October 23, 2009 * Malacaang

R.A. 9729
R.A. 10174

Mainstreaming climate change

into government policy
formula-ons

Crea-ng the Climate Change

Commission

Formula-ng the Na-onal

Strategic Framework on Climate
Change

Formula-ng the Na-onal Climate

Change Ac-on Plan

Crea-ng the Peoples Survival

Fund

Climate Change Commission

Sole policy-making body of
the government tasked to
coordinate, monitor and
evaluate the programs and
ac-on plans of the
government rela-ng to
climate change
Independent and
autonomous body ajached
to the Oce of the President

Na4onal Strategic Framework

on Climate Change
Government policy and
countrys roadmap
towards climate change
mi-ga-on and adapta-on,
with emphasis on disaster
risk reduc-on (DRR)
Basis for the program on
climate change planning,
research and development,
extension, and monitoring
of ac-vi-es on climate
change

Office of the President of the

Philippines
Malacaang

Climate Change Commission

National Framewor
k Strategy
on Climate Change
2010-2022

National Framework Strat

egy on Climate Change 2010
-2022

Na4onal Framework Strategy

on Climate Change
CLIMATE PROCESS DRIVERS

Energy
Transport
Land Use Change & Forestry
Agriculture
Waste

CLIMATE CHANGE

Increasing temperatures
Changing rainfall pajerns
Sea level rise
Extreme weather events

VISION:
A climate risk-resilient Philippines with
healthy, safe, prosperous and self-reliant
communi?es, and thriving and produc?ve
ecosystems
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

Goal: To build the adaptive

capacity of communities and
increase the resilience of natural
ecosystems to climate change,
and optimize mitigation
opportunities towards
sustainable development.

MITIGATION

Energy Eciency & Conserva-on

Renewable Energy
Environmentally-Sustainable
Transport
Sustainable Infrastructure
Na-onal REDD+ Strategy
Waste Management
Capacity
Development

Knowledge
Management

IEC and Gender

Research and Development
Advocacy Mainstreaming Technology Transfer

CROSS-CUTTING STRATEGIES

SOCIETY

IMPACTS AND
VULNERABILITY
Ecosystems (River Basins, Coastal
& Marine, Biodiversity)
Food security
Water resources
Human health
Infrastructure
Energy
Human society

ENVIRONMENT

ECONOMY

ADAPTATION
Enhanced Vulnerability and Adapta-on
Assessments
Integrated Ecosystem-Based Management
Climate-Responsive Agriculture

Water Governance &Management

Climate-Responsive Health Sector
Disaster Risk Reduc-on &Management
Climate-proong of Infrastructure

Mul--stakeholder
Partnerships

Financing

Valua-on

Policy, Planning and

Mainstreaming

MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION

NSFCC Guiding Principles

The NCCAP

NCCAP:
Ultimate Goal

Build the adaptive capacities of women

and men in their communities, increase
the resilience of vulnerable sectors and
natural ecosystems to climate change,
and optimize mitigation opportunities
towards gender-responsive and rightsbased sustainable development

29

NCCAPS ULTIMATE GOAL

Build the adaptive capacities of women and men in their communities, increase the resilience of
vulnerable sectors and natural ecosystems to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities
towards gender-responsive and rights-based sustainable development

Intermediate Outcomes
Ecosystem and
Environmental
Stability

Human
Security

Water
Suciency

Climate-Smart
Industries and
Services

Sustainable
Energy
Knowledge and
Capacity
Development

Food
Security
Enhanced adap-ve capacity of communi-es,
resilience of natural ecosystems, and
sustainability of built environment to
climate change.

Successful transi-on
towards
climate-smart
development.

Ul-mate Outcomes

Na-onal Climate Change Ac-on Plan 2011-2028

ULTIMATE( 1.0$Enhanced$adaptive$capacity$of$communities,$resilience$of$natural$ecosystems,$and$sustainability$of$built$
OUTCOMES( environment$to$climate$change.$

2.0$Successful$transition$towards$
climate>smart$development.$

Cap Dev and Strategic Knowledge

The following are the key issues that should be addressed
under strategic knowledge:
Having access to relevant informa-on and localizing it

from the Philippine perspec-ve

Crea-ng a good data management and repor-ng system

Dissemina-ng relevant informa-on

RA 9729 (Climate Change Act) Sec. 14: Local

Climate Change Ac-on Plan
Barangay

Municipal and
City

Priori-ze CC issues and iden-fy and implement best

prac-ces
Directly involved w/ municipal and city governments

Consider CC adapta-on as one of their regular

func-ons

Provincial

Provide technical assistance, enforcement and

informa-on management in support of municipal and
city climate change ac-on plans

Na-onal
Government

Extend technical and nancial assistance to LGUs for

the accomplishment of their LCCAP

An inter-local government unit collabora-on shall be

maximized in the conduct of climate-related ac-vi-es

RA 9729 (Climate Change Act) Sec. 14:

Local Climate Change Ac-on Plan
LGUs shall be the frontline agencies in the formula-on,
planning and implementa-on of climate change ac-on
plans in their respec-ve areas, consistent with the
provisions of the Local Government Code, the
Framework and the Na-onal Climate Change Ac-on
Plan

ECO-TOWNS
Ecologically Stable
and Economically
Resilient Towns

TOP 10
POOREST PROVINCES
NSCB, 2009
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Zamboanga del Norte

Agusan del Sur
Surigao del Norte
Eastern Samar
Maguindanao
Zamboanga Sibugay
Romblon
Masbate
Davao Oriental
Northern Samar

Criteria for Selection

- Eastern Seaboard
- Top Ten Poorest Provinces
- Top Eco-Tourism Sites
- Key Biodiversity Areas

Batanes PLS

Northern Luzon

Apayao Lowland Forest

Penablanca
Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
North Central Sierra Madre
Mt. Dingalan

Southern Luzon

Visayas

Polilio Island

East Coast of Catanduanes

Samar Island Natural Park
Sohoton Cave

Mt. Isarog
Apo Reef
El Nido
Tubbataha Reef
Puerto Princesa Under-ground River
Mt. Matalingahan
Siargao PLS
Mt. Malindang Natural Park
Mt. Hilong-Hilong
Lituban-Quipit Watershed
Agusan Marsh
Mt. Apo

Mindanao

Tawi-Tawi

Enabling Climate Change Resilient Communities and Local Economy:

Ecotown Framework (Ecosystem Based Management)
(6)
CC Resilient
Communi-es &
Local Economy

ECOTOWN

(2)
Vulnerable
Popula-on

(6)
Ecosystembased Mgt

(3)
Climate
Change
Impacts &
Risks

(1)
Ecosystem
Services

(4)
Economic
Ac-vi-es

Financing thru
CCT+CCA

(5)
Bundle of
Assistance to
Improve CC
Resilience

Social Protec-on
& Risk Sharing
PPP
NG-LG Cost
Sharing
TA on
Adapta-on
measures &
technologies;
ecosystem
management

Enhancement of Carbon
Water Security
Food Security
Stocks
Renewable Energy from:
Enhancement of Gene4c Resources
Hydro Meteorological

Hydro
Green Industries and Eco-tourism
mi4ga4on

Solar

& Wind

CCA and DRR Integration

in LGUs
Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate
Change Adaptation (DRR/CCA) in Local
Development Planning and Decision-making Processes
Slides taken from
NEDA - REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION
STAFF, NDRRMC, DILG, VA programs and urban risk assessments from researchers and
financing institutions and international organizations

DRR/CCA Integration
Sectoral Impacts

CC Scenarios

Biophysical effects

Adaptation Strategies

VnA
VATool
Tool
(IntegratedDRR/CCA)
DRR/CCA)
(Integrated

DRR/CCA Plans

Demonstration
Projects

SNC
MDG-F
DRR/CCA Project

DRR/CCA Integration
Biophysical Effects
1. Spatial/temporal variability
2. Hazard characterization using CC
scenarios (e.g., hydrologic
modeling)
3. Inclusion of creeping or slow-onset
events

DRR/CCA Integration
Sectoral Impacts
1. Agriculture

4. Water

2. Forestry

5. Health

3. Coastal

U
N
H
A
B
I
T
A
T

Urban Risk Assessment Approach

Urban Risk Assessment

Zones of coastal regulation

To manage the unavoidable and

avoid the unmanageable

Epilogue

Epilogue

Climate Change Oce

Climate Change Commission
Rm 238 Mabini Hall, Malacaang Compound
San Miguel, Manila
Telefax: 736-1171
Dennis G. dela Torre
Email: info@climate.gov.ph; dennisdelatorre@gmail.com
www.climate.gov.ph