72 C

Examples (Chapter 6 -- 8)

Fx
Fy

p1A1 p 2 A 2 cos 60 o p 2 A 2 cos 60 o Fx Q V1 (

p1 = p2 = 0 (atmospheric)
then

Fx Q V1 = -1767 N

In the y-direction: (p1 = p2 = 0)

p 2 A 2 sin 60o p 2 A 2 sin 60o Fy

Q (0) (

Q
Q
) V2 sin 60o ( ) ( V2 sin 60o )
2
2

Then, Fy = 0
Therefore, the force on the plate is -1767 N ()

Q
Q
) V2 cos 60 o ( ) ( V2 ) cos 60 o
2
2

73 C

Z1=0

74 C

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78 C
A shallow circular dish has a sharped-edged orifice at its center. A horizontal water jet, with
a speed of V, strikes the dish concentrically. Evaluate the horizontal force (in Newtons) to hold
the dish in place.
V = 2 m/s ,

D = 6 cm , d = 2 cm
Q3

Q1

Q2

Q3

Solution
A D (0.03) 2 0.00283 m 2 A d (0.01) 2 0.000314164 m 2

Q1 ( 2)(0.00283) 0.00565 m 3 / s Q 2 ( 2)(0.000314164) 0.0006283 m 3 / s

Q 3 Q1 Q 2 0.00503 m 3 / s

FX F Q 2 V Q3 ( V sin 45o ) Q1V

(1000) [ (0.0006283)( 2) (0.00503)(2)(0.7071) (0.00565)(2)] 17.16 N
Thus

F = 17.16 N ()

79 C

y2

y n2 1

y22

( y n2 1 )3 0.19
3.021

80 C
The flow around a two-dimensional bluff body is investigated. It is known that vortices are
generated behind the body at a shedding frequency ( ), which depends on D, H, velocity (V), fluid
density ( ), and absolute viscosity ( ). Related quantities are listed as follows:
Variables

Prototype

Model

20 cm

2 cm

0.5 m

0.05 m

10 Km/hr

Vm

1.23 Kg/m3 (air) 998 Kg/m3 (water)

4 x 10-7 lbfsec/ft2 2.4 x 10-5 lbfsec/ft2

2 Hz

(1) By selecting "D" as one of the repeated variables (you need to properly choose the other two),
present the relationship in a dimensionless form. (15%)
(2) For similarity, determine Vm (in Km/hr) for the model. (8%)
(3) Compute p (in Hz).

(7%)

Solution

f1 ( , D, H , V, , ) 0
n=6 k=3

(M, L, t) (6 3) = 3

VD

D
H VD
,
)
f3 (

D
V

L
(

f2 (

D H V D
,
)0
,

V D

..(1)

Lm
1

L p 10

VD
VD
)m (
) p (1)

Vm (

p
m

)(

Dp
Dm

)(

p (

m
1.23 10 2.4
) Vp (
)( )(
) (10) 7.38 Km / hr .(2)
p
1000 1 0.04

D
D
)p (
)m
V
V

D m Vp
1
10
)(
) m ( ) (
) (1) 0.1355 Hz .(3)
D p Vm
10 7.38

81 C
A Venturi meter is a device for the measurement of the flow rate in a pipe. It is known that the
pressure difference (p) between points A and B depends on the pipe diameter (D), the pipe
speed (V), the fluid density (), the dynamic viscosity () and the gravitational acceleration (g).

D
V

g
p

Prototype Model
(m)
3
1
(ft/s)
10
?
3
(slug/m ) 1.94
3.0
(lbfs/ft2) 2 x 10-5 4 x 10-5
(m/s2)
9.81
9.81
?
2
(psi)

(1) Find the dimensionless form of the relationship between p and the related variables. (10%)
(2) Assume that the gravitational force is comparatively not important, what is V in model
(Vm) equal to ? (8%)
(3) Again, as the gravitational force is not important, calculate (p)P. (7%)
Solution n = 6 (6 ) k = 3 (M, L, t) (n-k) = 3 numbers.

f ( p , D , V , , , g ) 0 ,

Choose repeated variables: , V, D

p
1 f1 ( p, , V , D ) , 1
V2

2 f 2 (, , V , D) , 2

3 f3 ( g, , V , D) , 3

VD

V
;
gD

==>

p
VD
F(
,
2
V

To get complete similarity, Reynolds numbers are the same. Thus

Vm (

p D p m
1.94 3 4
)( )( ) V p (
)( )( )(10) 38.8 ft / s
3 1 2
m Dm p

V
)
gD

(1)

VD
VD
)m (
) ,

(2)

V
p
p
1.94 10 2
) ( 2) 0.0859 psi
) (
) , ( p ) p ( p )( p ) 2 ( p ) m (
)(
2 p
2 m
V
V
m Vm
3 38.8

82 C
The power (P) needed for the operation of an axial pump depends on the fluid density ( ), the
rotating speed (N), the blade diameter (D), the head loss (H) and volumetric flow rate (Q). Related
quantities are listed below:

Variables

Prototype

Model

(Kg/m3)

1000

800

(turn/min)

300

900

(cm)

15

(ft)

30

Hm

(ft3/s)

27

Qm

(HP)

PP

(1) By selecting "N" and D as two of the repeated variables (you need to properly choose the
third), present the relationship in a dimensionless form. (13%)
(2) For similarity, determine Qm for the model.

(6%)

(3) Predict PP. (6%)

Solutionn = 6 (6 ) k = 3 (M, L, t) (n-k) = 3 numbers.

Repeated variables: ND

1 f 1 ( , N , D, H ) 1

H
D

Q
N D3
P
3 f 3 ( , N , D, P ) 3
N 3 D5

2 f 2 ( , N , D, Q ) 2

==>

P
H Q
f( ,
)
3
5
N D
D N D3

N D
900 5 3
Q
Q
( ) ( 27) 3 ft 3 / s
] [
] Qm m ( m ) 3 Q P
3 m
3 P
300 15
ND
ND
N P DP
P
P
[
] [
]m
3
5 P
N D
N 3 D5

PP

P N P 3 DP 5
1000 300 3 15 5
(
) (
) Pm
(
) ( ) ( 2) 22.5 HP
800 900
5
m N m Dm

(1)

.(2)

(3)