Test Conditions for various vector groups

commonly under use are listed along with

pictorial representation. Assuming the
reader has sufficient exposure to
transformer winding connections.

Transformer
Vector
Group Test
conditions
YNd1, YNd11, Dyn11, YNyn0
and more
Pandian

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Index
Chapter
Cover page
Index
Introduction about Vector Group Notation
Test Conditions for Ii0 & Ii6
Test Conditions for YNyn0
Test Conditions for YNyn6
Test Conditions for Dd0
Test Conditions for Dd6
Test Conditions for YNd1
Test Conditions for YNd11
Test Conditions for Dyn11
Test Conditions for Dyn1

Page
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
11
12
13

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 1

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Introduction
In transformers the interconnection of the coils and the phase angle between the primary and
secondary side are denoted by standard form. Transformers with similar connections and phase shift
are grouped under a Vector group.
Standard notations to denote the connection are listed below

HV Winding

LV Winding

Connection
Star
Delta
Neutral
Zig Zag
Single Phase
Star
Delta
Zig Zag
Neutral
Single Phase

Notation
Y
D
N
Z
I
y
d
z
n
i

The phase shift between the primary and secondary side are denoted in the form of Clock Position.
Taking HV side as the reference (i.e. 12 o Clock position) phase shift of the LV side is mentioned in
numerical values in multiples of 30
0 denotes 0, 1 denotes 30, 6 denotes 180 and so on. In special transformer where the phase shift
is not in multiples of 30 particularly for the isolation transformer incorporated to reduce the
harmonics, directly the phase angle is been mentioned by the manufacturers
To carry out the Vector Group test one should establish the electrical connection between Primary
and Secondary since the separate winding transformers are inductively coupled whereas the auto
transformers are electrically coupled and so no need for latter.
After establishing the electrical connection between two windings under test, voltage may be
applied in either of the winding preferably in the HV side as it is safe and the voltage measured
between the various terminals will be indicative to ensure the phase shift. Testing Engineer should
derive at least three conditions to compare, add and or equate the particular set of voltage to be
measured. These conditions should be in such way to ensure the phase shift and phase sequence.
Usually 1U and 2u are connected but it is not necessarily to be so, Testing Engineer can choose by
his/her own choice and the conditions shall be derived accordingly.
If the derived conditions are satisfied the vector shall be confirmed.

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 2

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

1P

Ii0
Connect 1P and 2p
Keep the neutral(1N & 2n)l floating
Apply Voltage in HV side

2p

2n

1N
Condition
1P & 2p

Measure Voltage between

V1P2n

1. 1P and 2n (V1P2n )
2. 2n and 1N (V2n1N )
3. 1P and 1N (V1P1N )

2n
V1P1N
V1N2n

V1P2n + V2n1N = V1P1N

Ii6

1N

1P

2n

Connect 1P and 2p
Keep the neutral(1N & 2n)l floating
Apply Voltage in HV side

2p

1N

Condition
Measure Voltage between

2n
V1P2n
1P & 2p

1. 1P and 2n (V1P2n )
2. 2n and 1N (V2n1N )
3. 1P and 1N (V1P1N )
V1P2n + V1P1N = V2n1N

V2n1N
V1P1N

1N

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 3

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

YNyn0

1U
2u

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2n
2w

2v

1N
1W

1V

Condition 1
Measure Voltage between
1U&2u

1. 1U and 2n (V1U2n )
2. 2n and 1N (V2n1N )
3. 1U and 1N (V1U1N )

V1U2n
V1U1N

2n

V1U2n + V2n1N = V1U1N

V2n1N

2v

2w
1N
1W

1V

Condition 2
Measure Voltage between

1U&2u

1. 1W and 2w ( V1W2w )
2. 1V and 2v (V1V2v )

2n

V1W2w = V1V2v

V1W2w

2v

2w

V1V2v
1N

1W

1V

Condition 3
Measure Voltage between
1U&2u

1. 1W and 2w (V1W2w )
2. 1W and 2v (V1V2v )
V1W2w

<

V1W2v

2n

V1w2v

2v

2w

V1W2w
1W

1N
1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 4

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

YNyn6

1U

2v

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2n

2w

2u
1N
1W

1V

Condition 1
2v
Measure Voltage between

2n

2w

V2n1U

1. 1U and 2n (V2n1U )
2. 2n and 1N (V2n1N )
3. 1U and 1N (V1U1N )

1U& 2u

V2n1N

V1U1N

V2n1U + V1U1N = V2n1N

1N
1W

1V

2v

Condition 2

2n

2w

Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2v ( V1W2v )
2. 1V and 2w (V1V2w )

1U& 2u

V1W2v

V1V2w

V1W2v = V1V2w
1N
1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 5

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

YNyn6(contd)
2v

2n

2w

Condition 3
Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2v (V1W2v )
2. 1W and 2w (V1w2w )
V1W2w

>

1U& 2u

V1W2w

V1W2v

1N

V1w2v
1W

1V

*By connecting 1U and 2u the Voltage V1W2w may be high, hence the author feels
comfortable to connect 1U and 2n. Then the Condition 1 changes as follows
and the Conditions 2 & 3 remains unchanged

Measure Voltage between

2v

1. 1U and 2u (V1U2u )
2. 2u and 1N (V2u1N )
3. 1U and 1N (V1U1N )

2w
1U& 2n

V1U2u

2u

V1W2w

V2u1N

V1U2u + V2u1N = V1U1N

1N
1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 6

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

1U

Dd0

2u
Connect 1U and 2u
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2w

1W

2v

1V

Condition 1
Measure Voltage between

1U&2u

1. 1U and 2w (V1U2w )
2. 2w and 1W (V2w1W )
3. 1U and 1W (V1U1W )

2v

2w

V1U2w + V2w1W = V1U1W

1W

1V

Condition 2
Measure Voltage between

1U&2u

1. 1U and 2v (V1U2v )
2. 2v and 1V (V2v1V )
3. 1U and 1V (V1U1V )
V1U2v + V2v1V = V1U1V

2w

2v

1V

1W

Condition 3

1U&2u

Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2v (V1W2v )
2. 1W and 2w (V1w2w )
V1W2w

<

V1w2v

2w

1W

V1W2v

2v

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 7

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Dd6

1U
Connect 1U and 2u
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2w

2v

2u
1W

1V

Condition 1
2v

Measure Voltage between

1. 1U and 2w (V1U2w )
2. 2w and 1W (V1W2w )
3. 1U and 1W (V1U1W )

2w

1U&2u

V1U2w

V1W2w

V1U1W + V1U2w = V1W2w

1W

1V

Condition 2
2v

Measure Voltage between

1. 1U and 2v (V1U2v )
2. 2v and 1V (V1V2v )
3. 1U and 1V (V1U1V )

1U&2u

2w

V1U2v

V1V2v

V1U1V + V1U2v = V1V2v

1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 8

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Dd6(contd)
Condition 3
2v

Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2v (V1W2v )
2. 1W and 2w (V1w2w )
V1W2w

>

2w

1U&2u

V1W2w

V1w2v

1W

1V

*By connecting 1U and 2u the Voltage V1W2w may be high, hence the author feels
comfortable to connect 1U and 2v and conditions shall be derived accordingly.

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 9

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

YNd1

1U

2u
2w

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2v
1N
1W

1V

Condition - 1

1U & 2u

Measure Voltage between

1. 1U and 2v (V1U2v )
2. 2v and 1N (V2v1N )
3. 1U and 1N (V1U1N )

V1U2v

2w

V1U1N

2v
V2v1N
1N

1V

1W

V1U2v + V2v1N = V1U1N

1U & 2u

Condition 2
2w

Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2w ( V1W2w )
2. 1V and 2w (V1V2w )
V1W2w < V1V2w

2v
V1W2w

V1V2w
1N
1V

1W

Condition 3
1U & 2u
Measure Voltage between

2w

1. 1W and 2v (V1W2V )
2. 1V and 2v (V1V2v )

2v
V1V2v

V1W2v
1N

V1W2V

V1V2v
1W

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

1V

Page 10

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

YNd11
1U

2u

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2v
2w

1N
1W

1V

Condition - 1
1U & 2u

Measure Voltage between

1. 1U and 2w (V1U2w )
2. 2w and 1N (V2w1N )
3. 1U and 1N (V1U1N )
V1U2w + V2w1N = V1U1N

2v

V1U2w
2w

V1U1N

V2w1N
1N
1W

1V

Condition - 2
1U & 2u

Measure Voltage between

2v

1. 1W and 2v ( V1W2v )
2. 1V and 2v (V1V2v )

2w
V1W2v

V1W2v > V1V2v

V1V2v
1N

1W

1V

Condition -3
Measure Voltage between

1U & 2u

1. 1W and 2w (V1W2w )
2. 1V and 2w (V1V2w )

2v
2w

V1W2w

V1V2w

V1W2w

V1V2w
1N

1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 11

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Dyn11
1U

2u

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2v

2n
2w
1W

1V

1U& 2u

Condition - 1
Measure Voltage between

V1U2n
V1U1V

2n

2v

V2n1V

1. 1U and 2n (V1U2n )
2. 2n and 1V (V2n1V )
3. 1U and 1V (V1U1V )

2w
1W

1V

V1U2n + V2n1V = V1U1V

Condition - 2

1U& 2u

Measure Voltage between

V1W2w

2n

1. 1W and 2v ( V1W2v )
2. 1W and 2w (V1W2w )
V1W2v > V1W2w

2v

2w

V1W2v
1W

Condition -3

1V
1U& 2u

Measure Voltage between

2n

1. 1V and 2v (V1V2v )
2. 1V and 2w (V1V2w )
V1V2v

V1V2w

2v

2w
1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 12

Transformer Vector Group Test conditions

Dyn1

1U

2u

Connect 1U and 2u
Keep the neutral floating
Apply 3 Voltage in HV side

2w

2v
1W

1V

Condition - 1

1U&2u

V1U2n
Measure Voltage between

1. 1U and 2n (V1U2n )
2. 2n and 1W (V2n1W )
3. 1U and 1W (V1U1W )

2n

V1U1W

2n

2w

V2n1W
2v
1W

1V

V1U2n + V2n1W = V1U1W

1U&2u

V1V2v

Condition - 2
Measure Voltage between

1. 1V and 2v ( V1V2v )
2. 1V and 2w (V1V2w )
V1V2w > V1V2v

2w

2n
2v

1W

1V

V1V2w

Condition -3

1U&2u

Measure Voltage between

1. 1W and 2v (V1W2v )
2. 1W and 2w (V1W2w )

2w

V1V2w

2n
2v

V1V2v

V1W2v

V1W2w

1W

1V

1. Ensure only one terminal of HV and one terminal of LV is connected together

2. Ensure the additive voltage does not exceeds the safe limit

Page 13