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I
Prominent engineers consistently show
their preference for Solar Capacitors. Solar
pledges continued production of superior
quality capacitors to merit that preference.
Solar Manufacturing Corporation, 285
Mad ison Avenue, New York 17. N. Y.
C AP AC I T ORS &
E l IM-O .S TA TS
UNIVERSAL'S
NEW
D-20
M ICROPHONE
T he stage was set for something new and here it is . Universal's Dew 0 20
M icrop hone . .. soon on your radio parts jobbers' shelves to fill your essential requirements .. . uses Universal's "Dynotd" construction .. A dynamic
microphone of conventlonal cha ractertsttcs built to fill the uti lity requiremeri ts of war time p lus advance styling of the many mod em th ings to
come. Orders placed now with your Radio Parts Jobbers will assure early
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<FREE - U lnorv of CommlUli('lJt/onl Picture Portfolio. Conlai....
orer a dou," ll - t 14- pict uru uitable for~. den or hobby
room. W rite factI,", for ,",our Pvrtf olw
todav.
April . 1945
Model 5.37.
L_-r:===
Mod e l 5.3 6
equipmen t covers
the spectrum
H a llic raft e rs equi pment coven t he radio speetrum. From low to ult ra high fre q uencies t he re is a
Ha ll icraften receiver rea dy t o meet yo ur special
req uire me nh. Although certain eq uipme nt operati ng
in the ultra hig h freque ncies ca nno t be d escribed
at present for security rea son s, th e c ha racteristics
of H all icraft e rs sta nd ard line of receivers may be
disclosed . Th is line includes :
Mod el 5X28 A.
~ lnllt'l
S -3 7. FM AM receiver for ve ry high {requ en cy wor" O p e rates from 130 to 210 Me. Highest fr equ en c y rang e of a ny g e nera l cove rage
comme rcia l t yp e receiver
-CQ
APRIL, 1945
YOL o I, No.4
CONTENTS
CO. Published by
RADIO MAGAZINES, INC.
Ed itorial Staff
J ohn H. Potts
Auociot.
Editor
,A,si,ta nt Editor
Frank C. J on " _ W&AJF ,C ont ri b uti nq Edit or
COY E R
Q SL cards at W 2IOP's shack. (S ee article, !mge 25 )
ARTICLES
Elemen tary A ntennas for U H F Tran smission,
by A rt hur If. L ynch , 1V2DKJ
Practical data 0 11 ant enna design
Life-Raft T r an smitter-Receiver, by Paul L.
R affard, Jr.; 1V2GQM
H ow to build a sim ple transmitt erreceiver w hich has many applications
13
Business Staff
Sanford R. COw<!ln
SecyTre" l .
Ad v. Mllno19,r
Eloin, W ilson
Ad v. Prod uction
Di<!lna R. iuma n
17
23
25
28
MISCELLANEOUS
Zero Bia s
Advertising In dex
7
40
LABORATORIES
INC.
INDIANAPOLIS
Jlllnil , ..n n " uu f U UU TII;, U llIU III UTll IIS. AlI I m u m II ItIl I Pl UIl U
C9
Features
Str... mlin.d t....otou ubin.t
Acoustically d.,ig nl!d sp.ak.r
housln9
R.I.., r<llck mounting p<lln. 1
Six b<lln ds, SSO to 33,000 KC.
Automotic noise IIm it.r
St<ll billty-t. mp.rotur. compen s<lI ting p<ll dd.rs <lind loct<lll tubes
R.lay control <lind br.ok.in t.rm in<ll ls
Si9 n<ll l I. vel m.ter
Vorlabl. cr, sta l filter
8<lIndspru d . quival tnt to 7S
IInur inch" for .....ry 180 d egr swp of m<llin po inter
April. 1945
The ind irectly illumina ted scele is designed for hou rs of nonfatig uing ca li brated scale t o th e new acoustically designed speake r
scale wh it e le tte rs o n a n o p tic a lly bl a ck b ackg round - e na b le
the o pe ra tor t o lo g th e fr equ en cy o f t he incomi ng sig na l a ccuratel y
and e ffo rtlessly I
Reg <llrdle ss of th e ccnt e m pl e te d shifts in a m<llteUr fr equency
al location s, your RME 45 will not b ec ome o b so le te b ecau se it
band sp reads th e e nti re spectru m fro m 550 KC t o 33 ,000 KC.
In a ll, yo u will fi nd th e RME 45 a re markable rec eiver we ll worth waiting fori
and
---'Sil:::---
o -
THIS HANDY
BOOKLET
FREE!
lVAN
SYLVANIA ELECTRIC PRODUCTS INC., EMPORIUM, PA.
M.....ers 01 R-tio Tubes; ~thod. Ray Tubes; Eleebonic Dewiee5; nUCWaeellt lamps. Rdures.
AcC:!U CtNls:
lncandnc:ent U~
C9
ZERO BIAS
April. 1945
~Ieismer .
THIS IS PRECISIONEERING
by Mt. Carmel's famed "Precision!el"
Prec isionecrlng isn 't just another word for precision qua lity.
It means that pr ide and skilled craftsma nship a re repre 4
sented in every product. Tot hc mcn and women of Meissner,
precisioneering means that they a rc ma inta ining the same
high sta ndards of workmanship t hat ea rned them t he na me
"precision -el't-c- highest st a nda rd of an exacting ind ust ry.
T o yo u, t he users of Meissn er prec ision -built elect ro nic
equipment , it means t hat t hese precisioneered product s
give you added qua lit y, grea ter d ependabilit y.
sonsrso
CQ
ELEMENTARY ANTENNAS
f or UHF TRANSMISSION
LOCATE YOUR SKY-HOOK A S ffiGH
AS YOU CAN -
W2 D KJ
Th . aut hor is an old tim.r .hos. ori9inal lic.ns.
.as first-da n comm ercial tid et Issued in 1912.
Antenne s are his specialty, and his pet d i....rsion
is th e comm ission of mayh.m and hi9h treason
a9ainst many secred notions con ce rnin9 ant.nnu
and transmissi on lin es. But what he seys is becked
up with OX re cords on th e .i,.
A ntenna Th eory
You may, if you choose, begin your investigation of antennas (the correct wor d
is antennae, but who cares?) by studying
t he performance of electr ical wave motion
in space and on wires . It is not a bad idea ,
but it takes time and you may be sure that
a lot of very capable engineers an d investigators have covered t he ground before
a nd that the for mu las (form ulae, for the
purists ) t hey have evolved really have
some fo undation in fact. You will find that
a ntenna dimensions are often not too critical, un less it is necessary to squeeze out
the very las t mill iwatt of r adiation. Also,
no matter wha t yo u do, some " wise guy"
will te ll you how m uch better it could
have been done a nother way. Don't let
t hat d istu rb you, fo r you will find , in a
grea t many cases, that your adviser has
not even tried the system he recom mends.
For most practical purposes, there is
agreement that the s implest for m of antenna is one-half wave length long. T he
practical operating length of such an antenna (in inches ) is obtained by dividing
the figure 492 by the frequency in magacycles. For instance, the \VERS stations
a re permitted to operate on the frequencies
between 112 and 116 megacycles, which
is roughly called the two-and-one-half meter
band. Tak ing the upper limit, the center
of the band and the lower limit of this
frequency spectrum, we divide 492 by 112,
114 and 116, and arrive at 4.39, 4.31 and
4.23, respectively, There is not too much
10
difference, so a good compr omise, particula r ly if we would like to ope rate anywhere betwee n t he extremities of the bank,
is t he middle figure, Which, when changed
from t he dec imal, measures four feet, three
and three-quar ter inches. This length does
right well, under most conditions, up to
11 6 and down to 112 me. If doesn't make a
bit of difference how m uch power our
transmitter is getting to put out. It may '
be a flea-power wa lkie-talkie or a powerful television station. If we're going to
operate on 112-116 megacycles, t he length
of t he antenna will be the same. The same
size antenna will be suitable fo r receiving
as well as transmitti ng.
For the sake of this discussion, let us
consider our 51 % inch antenna as our
"fundamental" half wave. If a ll ou r- operation is to be done with such a s imple
radiator (as is the case in u-h-f work ) , it
is worth while to consider how we can
best get the power from our transmitter
in to the an tenna, and the siggnals we desire to hear from t he an tenna, whi ch then
is the picku p device', into our r eceiver. In
certain fo rms of operation. such as the
" walkie-talkie, it is more convenien t to employ only half the "fundamental" len gth.
The combination transmitter and r eceiver
t hen functions as t he ot her half of th e antenna , and is called a "Marconi" or quarter-wave a ntenna. This may well be th e
s ubject of another discussion but has no
prac tical bearing on present consider ations.
While it is common practice to provide
a whip-t ype a ntenna or a tubular r od somewhat less than a h alf inch in diameter for
operation on the frequencies and wi th the
power we are consider ing (WE RS stati ons
being limited to 25 watts inpu t ) , there is
a lot to be said in favo r of other rad iators
we shell describe.
Transmission Lines
The matter of getti ng t he most power
into the half-wave rod as well as the conven ience with which we are able to do it
are the two most important considerations
which merit ou r attention. If t he sys tem
is efficient for transmitting, it will be good
for receiving, other essential elements being the same which is the reason t hat most
of the information about this subject appearing in print is concer ned with t ransmitting aerials.
CQ
.'"
D _~i
--
- E,
. -- c
F,--
r.
A-
Er
Gr
-,
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r o-.~
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- ""\ .
- TR
II
: I
5'~
~
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"a current-fed, half-wa ve di-pole." Its impedance at t he center, where the transmi ssion line connec ts, a ppr oximates 70
ohms - which is pr etty close to the impedance of most twisted pairs. H ence we
are providing a good imped ance match between line a nd r adiator -and withou t t he
use of calculus.
A Simple Alternate
4-'
'
"TO
RADIO
SHACK
12
CQ
LIFE-RAFT
TRANSMITTER-RECEIVER
REQUIREMENTS OF
nns
EMERGENCY SERVICE
INLATE
pounds.
Sch ematic d iagram. L, - " .p rong , Ph " form . 20
turns No. 16, elese-weund. 1, - b- prong 11/..... No.
26 wire ; ant. coil, ] t urns on t op of form: 7 rid coil ,
If:," below an t. coil, 15 turn s spaced o.... r ~ : ticUer,
Y,," below g rid coil, 6 turns, close- wound.
OPC
.00025
L2
fN5GT
2.5
,,
...
... fD8GT.....
....
HEADPHONE
J AC K ,
,,
~'
",.
,, i
,,
1.0
M~.
,,
STANDARD
/ AUDIO
i TRAN SF.
mh o
c--r-r
\
<
~...J "
,,
,
,
50,000
Ohm,
.0001 Mfd .
,,
,
,
,
30,0 00 Ohms
ReceIve
500,000
Ohms
0"
,,
500.000
Ohm,
0.5
Mf d.
100,000 Ohms
TRANSMIT
A-
Mid .
,
~~:':"--<l===;1:,-r
.0001
.0001
"
lQ5 GT
'-,._MId~T
lQ5GT
B-
B'
l Q5 GT,
RFC
2.5
~
.~
-=
.,..
mh o
RFC
2.05 mho
Mfd .
a-SO Ma:"
RFC
2 .5
mho
50,000 onms
MILLIAMMETER
14
CQ
heterodyne was considered, but t he additional tu bes, coils a nd space r equired out weighed the slight a dva nt age of a superhet
ove r a regenerative receiver. The receiverin this uni t ha s been able to pick u p every
s ignal t hat wa s fa irly r eada ble on a 12-tu be
superhet. Most of the aeronau t ical g round
and marine coast stations employ high
power on relati vely clear channels, so selec tivit y and sens it ivity are no problems 111
a life-raft receiver. The regenerative det ector is a IN5GT a nd covers 4.9 me, t o
9.6 mc. with a coil as s hown . Oscillation is
smooth over the entire range and although
reception is best with a n antenna a pproximately 60 feet long, t he r eceiver will oper a te satisfactorily on much s horter lengths.
The out put of t he detector is t ransfo rmer
coupled to a two-stage a mpli fie r buil t
a round the triode a nd the pentode units or
a ID8GT. It is necessary to shield the grid
leads to prevent a udio oscillation. Hand
capacity effec t s to the r eceiver tuning condenser are eliminated by means of a small
sheet of aluminum mounted behind the
main panel as can be seen in t he photo.
graph.
Th e Tronsm itte r
The transmit ter employs a 1Q5GT in a
Pierce crysta l oscillator with a pair of
pa rallel lQ5GTs as a mplifiers. Use of tho
15
April . 1945
Pierce crystal oscillator elim inates osctllater tuning cont rols, an d with a crystal of
normally good activity operation is quite
satisfac tory. It is preferable to operate the
output stage as a st raight amplifie r but
doubling is possible with somewh a t reduced
ou put , For the purpose of battery economy,
the use of a crysta l oscillator by itself
might seem advisable but the far more
stable operation of a n amplifier in tuning
practically a ny length of antenna outweighs this adva n tage. Tuning is accomplished by means of the " pi" network and
with the coil a nd conde nsers shown, almost a ny length of wire from 15 to 100
ft. ca n be matched. However. some difficulty ma y be ex perienced in the neighborhood of a q ua r ter wave (33 feet in tne
case of 7 mc) as the loading or out put condenser effect becomes nil, a nd the a mount
of a mplifie r loadin g is dependent on th e
r ati o of the in put or resona ting conde nser
to the coil inductance a t r esonance. The
recommended len gth of wire is a nything
between 60 and 80 feet for 7-mc bana
operat ion.
Ope ra t ion
\Vit h the transm it-receive switch in the
t ransmitti ng position, plate current is observed fo r minimum current as t he input
condenser is resonated fo r various settings
of t he output condenser . The tank condenser s hould be adj usted to provide a
loading of approximately 25 rna. with the
16
Constructio n
The unit slips readily out of its plywood
case, to which it is secured by means of
four machine screws and wing nuts. The
machine screws are mounted on angles
which in turn are screwed to the inside
of the case. Four holes, on e in each corner
of the panel, accommodate the screws. The
washers and wing nuts are then fastened
on th e outside of the panel as can be seen
in the front view photograph. The case itplywood. The
self is const ructed of
front panel, made of %" tempered masonite, is secured to the aluminum chassis by
means of the two potentiometers a nd j acks
mounted a t the bottom. The chass is dimens ions a re 8 " wide, 4 ~ " deep a nd 1 ~ "
high. A handle is sc rewed t o the top of
the case to facili tate carr yin g. The battery
originally used with this uni t was a Bur.
gess 5DA60, providing 1'1, volts a nd 90
volts. Any similiar t ype may be emp loyed
providing the case dimensions will accommodate it. The chassis a nd panel a re
painted in a "Commu nications Gray"
wrinkle finish, the case a smooth. gl ossy
gray , whiJ e th e inside is varnished.
v.. "
CQ
CAA PllOTO
A VIATION
April, 1945
17
18
C9
t he cur rents in the two towers compr ising one of the Adcock antenna systems, so
th at they are no longer 180 degrees apart.
Permitting the center tower to receive
some excitation from the second r -f channel while it is switched to one of t he
Adcock systems will also cause a course
s h ift in the same manner as a phase shift.
These several methods can be combined
for extreme flexibility.
Directional Loops
T he loop-type range consists of t wo
loops crossed at right angles. R F is fed
t o the loops alternately by a motor-driven
switch. T he signal is modulated at a udio
frequency and keyed at the same time t o
prodnce the character N in t he field
formed hy one antenna, and t he letter A
in the field of the second a ntenna. The
letters a re so keyed th a t in the quadrant
of a n indi vidual a ntenna ei ther the A or
N signal will be heard. The keyed signa l
for both q uadrants is a ud ible approac hing the intersection of t wo Jobes and finally, when on the bisecter of the intersection of two lobes , the A a nd N signa ls of
the same intensity int erlock, a nd form a
steady (on-co urse) s igna l.
Night Elfects
April. 1945
19
20
CljI
Visual Indication
The visual radio range on the VHFs is
a special a pplica tion of t he aura l range.
In the case of a four- course range, it is
possi ble to have two visual and t wo aural
legs. The vis ual ra nge is succeeded by the
April. 1945
21
half-wave sections built in a line and opera ting in phase with each other. They are
aligned with the direction of flight, on the
center of the eq uisignal zone. A wire
screen, or cou nter poise, under the radiators
serves to project the field pattern vertically.
Boundary Markers
H igh fr equency
"z"
ma rker
-CAA Photo
22
,
Indrument LandIngs
The instrument landing system now most
widely used consists of four essential parts
[Co ntinued on page 39]
C9
BIASING METHODS
Negative Bias Can Be Expensive - In Dollars. Cents and Plate
Voltage. Sometimes You Can Get If For Nothing.
A. C. MATTHEWS, W3FWJ
C Bias Gratis
I I~----II I +
A.
V
I I~-------------- II I
23
,
lator g rid lea k to provide the r equired
bias . Fi g. 2 s hows a t ypical circu it a r r angemen t. The doc voltage developed
s hould be rea sona hly constant throughout
the tu ni ng range of t he recei ver. This is
necessary fo r un ifo r m translat ion gain a nd
therefore req uires no special cons ideration
when using the voltage fo r bias supply
purposes. A resistance-capacity filter will
be required between t he d-e source a nd the
output stage to m inim ize feedback, but
the circuit constants a re not cr itical.
Should the developed bias he h igher t han
req uired for normal operation (as is usua lly t he case) the RC filter constants a re so
chosen that a fractio n of the t otal voltage
is obtained. I n other words , the filt er func tions as a voltage d ividing potent iometer
a nd can be designed t o suit the partic ula r
requiremen ts at ha nd.
OUTPUT , --
'
"'"
c.
..'-.
"
--""
Figure 2
OUTPUT , - - - - - - - ,
RECT IFI ER
Of her Uses
Figure ]
.s
24
cq
SbJI
HAWAIIAN
>lJa,HAWAI
STACKED CARDS
April . 1945
25
st rictcd by postal regulations, which prohibits the one-cent rate on cards over
standard dimensions. If you mailed out
any great number of QSLs, postage was
worth thinking about. Amateurs outside
of the United States printed cards of every
conceivable size. Some were double cards
wh ich containing a profuse amount of stat ion and personal data. Europeans partieularly went in for advertising the local
town and its highspots. The New York
City s kyline made a beautiful background
fo r many loca l QSLs, but seldom did a
Pi t tsbur gh mill, or California orange grove
a ppear .
QSL Bureau s
Mailin g cards a few at a time isn't much
of a problem provided you ha ve the full
and correct add ress of you r QSO. The
Radio Ama t eur Ca ll Book maga zine was
printed fo ur times a year a nd contained
a n accu rate list of the world 's a mateurs.
\Vh ile publication is temporarily suspended,
this familiar a id to the ham may be expected to appea r again. The nine America n
d istricts occupied most of the call book, but
the lis ts of foreign hams was lengthy and
26
On
page 37)
e9
CHAIIAC JE."T1CS
"..,.-,
......
"P. ,....
'ASINO
I.e
C.+
0'AOII",.5
II.,.'......
....
C..,d. I.
'HOJOfUI' DA'A
r.AHS~O.""',
DAr"
CONDENSE. DATA
".51510" OArA
_ _ _ COLO.
o!t>DfS
fO
....
Ut
...
"LINE-OF-SIGHT"
TRANSMISSION
Putting A Signal Across "The Lost Horizon"
ZEH BOUCK, WBQMR.WLNG
2B
r"'-
,~
0- d
+ d'
EA RTH 'S
CENTER
r - 4 000 MILES
- 21,000,000 FEET
- 21 X 10 ' FEET
Ermoc
~~
"G rled
S 0fue4 9Ud ~ ~ (
Grid emission. with the resulting instability o f o peration. parasitic oscillations and prematurely burned
o u t fi lame nts. has become a thing of the past. The new
Eimac "X" grid will not emit elect rons even when
operated at inca ndescent heat.
The solution to the problem o f grid emission lifts a
great barrier v..hich has long stood in th e p ath o f elcctro n vacuum tube development and the progress o f
electro nics. Eimac Engineers in developing the "X"
grid have-m ade a real contribution .. . and a very important one . .. toward th e d evelopment o f new and
more effi cie n t v acuum tubes. It is suc h h e ad s -u p
Engineering th at has made Eimac tubes first cho ice o f
leadi ng electronic engineers through out the world . ..
and maintai ned them in that position ycar after year.
--
~-~
Follou-the leaders In
mCTRONIC
litEm
n'
"
Exports Agmts: FRAZAR & HA NSEN , 301 Clay
U. s. A.
..
d -
mensions in feet.
(r
(r
h )' h)
d -
V r
2rh
hi V 2rh + h I
V h (2r
h)
r'
\1
42 X V h
( oil
(I)
..,.
,'
,.
,.
,.
,.
,.
..
r
(2)
The height of the a ntenna, h , is negligible within the pa rent hesis even if, erected
on t op of a mountain, it ma y be several
thousand feet high, because 2r (some 42.000,000 feet) is so much greater; and h,
here, can be elimina t ed. ( However, h is
very important as a m ultiplying factor
30
V42 XHf xh
10- V 42 X h - 10- X
10' -+- 6.5 X V h
6500 v h
rl
From equa tion (1) you can compute distance d-knowing h, the height of the an.
t enna, a nd aproximately the earth's radius
as 21,000,000 or 21 x 10' f eet. That's the
simple a r it h met ic o f it, but the process
may be somewhat la borious, a nd the equa ti on admits of considera ble simplification.
Squaring ( r + h)
(3'
d' d -
V 2rh
CQ
RAYTHEON
Sp e cifications of O Z4 an d OZ4G
014
Mcui",,,,,,, Ov all 1.,."lh 25/8 i" .
Ma ll i ", ,,,,,, S-I..t H.IlIht 21 /16 I".
Mell1 i",,,,,,, Oia"'.I...
1-5/16 I" .
which will prompt engineers to incorporate them in numerous postwar prod ucu .
OZ4G
2 5/8 I,. .
2-1/16 I" .
13/64 I".
H. a l Po w.,
"'"od.
Mcul"'",,,,
"'II f a""
Ha....
No".
30 "'0
90 "'0
270 "'a
320 "'olu
24 "'0111
880 "'0111
0 1...1,10'"
DEVOTED TO RESEARCH AND THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE NEW ERA OF ElECTRONICS
April. 1945
31
_J
\
-,
"'.
-1 I,
='
1
I
I
65
d - - X vh
53
1-
. \1
I-
TRANSFORMERS
1.23v h
(5'
E quation (5) is the way we want it with distance, d, in miles, and antenna
height, h, in feet. Let's see how it works
c ut-e-and we'll pick a n easy one. Assume
a n ins tallation on fairly level terrain. It
does n't make a ny appreciable difference
(in r) whether this fiat a rea is at sea-level
or not. ( Remember. the mean radius of the
earth va ries from equator to pole by more
than twice the a ltitude of our highest
mountain peaks. ) w e'll tak e advantage of
a small hill about 50 feet high, put up a
50foot pole, a nd calI h 81 feet. Thend -
1.23 V 81 11 miles
1.23 x 9 -
11.07
...-::::iiiiii
.....:.:.:.:.:
..........................................................
..-:. .:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:
..
.....
....
....
...................................................," .
..................................................................................................
.........................................................................................:-,
32
-+
d
d'
1.23 V h
1.23 V h i
- 1.23X ( v h + V h ' )
( ft)
1.23 h ' h + V hi )
1.23 ( \I 81
V too l
1.23 f9 + 10)
1.23 X 19 - 23 % miles
(6)
This, of co urse, gi ves you the antenna to-antenna line-of-sight distance. The horizon lies a t some undetermined point
(Continued on page 38)
CQ
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VITROHM
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are universally recognized as outstandingly superior
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Distribut o r Divis i o n
33
April,1945
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April, 1945
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C Q
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CQ
STACKED CARDS
[Con ti nued f rom pa g e 261
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V 1' "
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QSL Cards make interel ti ng , attractive , and
unulual wallpap er
April. 1945
37
UHF ANTENNAS
BIASING METHODS
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Address Changes-
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38
"LINE-OF-SIGHT"
[Continued from page
.. ~ II ........ ,
32J
in between. and if t his is of interest, equation (5) sho uld be used. Obviously, if h
a nd h i are the same. the horizon is halfway
bet ween the two stations.
An average or normal amount of refraction or bending of the radio wave can be
expect ed on freq uencies between 224 a nd
30 megacycles. which increases t he radio
range o ve r the optical distance by about
15 %. Substituting the constant 1.41 for
1.23 in the a bove equations will take ca re
of this in computing ranges in the V. H. F.
spectrum, but to wha t extent such modifica tion is justifiable in t he microwave region r emains to be seen.
Occasional refractive phenomena mcrease the range of the very-high-frequency signals far beyond th e 15 % boost
of average refraction. It is not impossible
that something like this ma y happen as
we a pproach a trifle closer to the frequency
of light in the microwaves. After all, th e
mirage is a result of refraction. However.
while waiting for a mirage, just kee p in
mind that distance equals height multiplied
by 1.23.
CljI
I
URGENT?
STACKED CARDS
[Continu ed from page 37]
RADAR ASSEMBLIES
with 3 " x 5" car ds serves well. Cards ca n
be a llotted for districts a nd countr ies.
When a QSL is s ent out, the mailing is
Jotted down on the proper car d. In a locality wh ere numerous QSL's are sent , an
a lphabet ical breakdown can be made, putting say W9AAA to W9MZZ on one card,
a nd W9MZZ to W9ZZZ on a not her .
Abou t the only time you shouldn't QSL
is a t th e s pecific req uest of a station not
to do so. Several foreign count ries prohibited hams f rom operating-a verboten
that was not a lways effec tive. Sending
cards in t he open would be a dead give
a way. so QSLs went under cover , or wer e
not mailed a t all.
COMMUNICATIONS
ELECTRONIC CONTROLS
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Phone
W ire
ELECTRONIC
SPECIALTIES MFG. CO.
W ORCESTER 2. M A SS.
April,194S
NATION WIDE
MAil ORDER
DISTRIBUTORS
SINCE 1928
ft4-DfO
LCfRoA/tc
AND
DEVICES
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TRADE INDUSTRY
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APPLICATIONS
BURSTEIN-ApPLEBEE
Co.
39
AN OPEN LETTER!
Dear O. M..:
CQ baa qi. .. n u a this opportunity 10
teU u a of s u m of the qud thing. that are
coming aft.r V Dayl-But.
promi.ed
our manufacturers that we'd keep mum.
Y.t th.r. will b. many new thing. such
:18 (Ru mo r ha a it) xmtr. by Hammerlund.
Rnn by Mill en. apel rcvra by National
and ao many new it .ma thai w e baTe uJ.t
to now only dreamed of.-That Ham radio
a a w e Imew it will baTe Toniah.d to b .
replac ed by a TO.tty impro.... d technique.
w.
q_'
- 73' CUL-
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H cu n Pa r t. and Eq u ipment
EITELMcCULLOUGH. INC.
Electronic:: Tube .
ELECTRONiC LABORATORIES
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