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Chapter 04: Communication and IT

Q1. What is data communication?

Data communication is the function of transporting data from one point to another.
Q2. Write the elements/ components of communication system.
There are three elements/ components of communication system are sited below:
A sender (source) which create the message to be transmitted.
A medium which carries the message.
A receiver (destination) which receives the message.
Q3. Classify data transmission mode.
Or, what is the different data transmission mode?
There are three ways, or mode, for transmitting data from one point to another. They are Simplex
Half- duplex.
Full- duplex.
Q4. Define the terms Simplex, Half-duplex, Full-duplex.
Simplex: Simplex transmission is one where communication can take place in only one
direction.
Half- duplex: A half-duplex system can transmit data in both directions but only in one
direction at a time.
Full- duplex: Full-duplex system is one that allows information to flow simultaneously in
both directions on the transmission path.
Q5. How information is delivered over a network?
Information is delivered over a network by three basic methods
Unicast.
Broadcast.
Multicast.
Q6. Define the term Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast.
Or, Write the different between the Unicast, Broadcast and Multicast.
Unicast: Unicast is a type of transmission in which information is sent only one sender to one
receiver.
Broadcast: Broadcast is a type of transmission in which information is sent from just one
computer but is received by all the computers connected to the network.
Multicast: Multicast is a type of transmission system where there is only one sender and
information sent multiple destinations.
Q7. What is computer network?
A group to computers and other devices connected together is called computer network.
Q8. Write the classification of network under geographical area.
According to geographical area there are three type of computer network Local Area Network (LAN).
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Q9. Define the terms LAN, MAN & WAN.
Or, what is the different between LAN, MAN & WAN?
LAN: LAN stands for Local Area Network. It provides high speed communication in a
limited area, typically within a building, like college.

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Chapter 04: Communication and IT

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MAN: MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. Is covers a large city or metropolitan
area. A MAN typically covers an area between 5 to 50 km areas.
WAN: WAN stands for Wide Area Network. It is a type of communication network that
covers a wide geographical area such as state or country.
Q10. How computer network can be classified under structure?
According to the structure, computer network can be classified into following three ways Centralized network.
Distributed network.
Hybrid network.
Q11. What are the benefits of computer network?
Computer network provides us many benefits, namely Simultaneous access to programs and data.
Sharing hardware and software.
Personal communication using e-mail.
Making back-up of information.
Keep information reliable up to date.
Q12. Write down the various devices used in the network.
Or, Define the terms Router, Switch, Repeater, Bridge, Hub.
Router: A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected
to at least two networks commonly two LANs or WANs.
Switch: A switch is a small hardware device that joints multiple computers together within
one local area network.
Repeater: A repeater is a device that receives a digital signal on an electromagnetic or
optical transmission medium and regenerates the signal along the next leg of the medium.
Bridge: A device that connects two LAN or two segments of the same LAN.
Hub: A hub is a device where all the entre connecting mediums come together.
Q13. How many types of hub are there?
There are three types of hub, namely
Passive hub
Intelligent hub

Active hub

Q14. Write the different between the passive hub, active hub and intelligent hub.
Different between the passive hub, active hub and intelligent hub are sited below:
Passive hubs do not amplify the electrical signal.
On the other hand, active hub can perform the amplification of electrical signal.
Intelligent hubs add extra feature to an active hub that are particular importance to
business.
Q15. Define network topology.
A network topology is a method to connect various devices such as computer printer, over a
network
Q16. Write down the main type of topology.
There are six different common topology, these are sited below Linear bus topology
Ring topology
Star topology
Tree topology
Hierarchical topology
Mesh topology.

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Chapter 04: Communication and IT

ICEAW

Q17. Define various topologies with two advantage and disadvantage.

Linear bus topology:
A linear topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. All nodes are
connected to the linear bus.
Advantage:
Easy to setup
Required less cable than another topologies.
Disadvantage:
Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
Ring topology:
Ring topology is a topology where all devices are connected in a circle which has on
terminator.
Advantage:
More reliable than star topology
No data collisions
Disadvantage:
Hardly used now a days
Slow and need more cable
Star topology:
Stare topology is a topology where all devices are connected to a central hub.
Advantage:
Easy to setup/ install.
One cable cant crash network.
Disadvantage:
Need more cable.
If host computer fails, the entire network fails.
Tree topology:
It consists of groups star-configured workstations connected to a liner bus backbone cable.
Advantage:
Point to point wiring for individual segments
Supported by several hardware and software venders.
Disadvantage:
Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.
If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
Hierarchical topology:
The hierarchical topology is much like the star topology, except that it doesnt use a central
node.
Mesh topology:
In a mesh topology each device is connected to other device in the network by its own cable
Advantage:
Data will always be delivered.
Much speedy
Disadvantage:
Very expensive.
Very difficult to set-up for small enterprise.
Q18. Which matter to be considered for choosing topology?
The following matter to be considered before selecting a topology:
Reliability of the entire system
Expandability of the system
Cost involved
Availability to communication lines

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Chapter 04: Communication and IT

Q19. What is network software?

Network software is data communication software that is responsible for holding all data
communication systems together.
Q20. What are the functions of network software?
There are several functions of communication software, namely Access control
Transmission control
Network management
Error control, and
Security management.
Q21. What is communication protocol?
In a data communication, a protocol is a set of rules and procedures established to control
transmission between two points so that the receiver a property interpret the bit stream
transmitted by the sender.
Q22. What are the key elements of a protocol?
The key elements of a protocol are as follows Syntax: The term syntax refers to the structure and format of the data.
Semantics: The semantics refers to the meaning of each station of bits.
Timing: It refers to characteristics When data should be sent, and
How fast they can be sent.
Q23. What are the roles of protocol?
The role of protocol in the communication systems are Data sequencing
Data routing
Flow control
Error control
Data security
Log information
Q24. What is OSI model? How many layers have in OSI model?
Open system Interconnection (OSI) models is a reference models developed by ISO
(International Organization for Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual framework of
standards for communication in the network across different equipment and application by
different vendors.
Q25. How many layers have in OSI model?
OSI have seven layers are sited below:
1. Application layer
3. Session layer
5. Network layer
7. Physical layer

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2. Presentation layer
4. Transport layer
6. Data link layer.

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