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  • Investigating O3 Production in The San Joaquin Valley

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    Kyle Kabasares, University of California Merced - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley is home to four of the top ten most ozone polluted cities in the United States. Despite years of air quality controls and regulations, the San Joaquin Valley frequently violates California's 8-hour ozone standard of 70 ppb. Tropospheric ozone production results from nonlinear and complex chemistry involving a number of key precursors: odd hydrogen radicals (HOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study examines relationships between ozone production, organic reactivity, and NOx concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley based on measurements taken from the June 18th, 2016 SARP mission. The organic reactivity is defined as the abundance of VOCs weighted by reaction rates with the hydroxyl radical, which is a member of the HOx family. We utilize an analytical model to simulate ozone production and identify regions of interest in the San Joaquin Valley and test two potential controls over local ozone production: additional reductions in anthropogenic emissions in the region and the suppression of VOC emissions due to drought stress.

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    Investigating O3 Production in the San Joaquin Valley

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    Kyle Kabasares, University of California Merced - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley is home to four of the top ten most ozone polluted cities in the United States. Despite years of air quality controls and regulations, the San Joaquin Valley frequently violates California's 8-hour ozone standard of 70 ppb. Tropospheric ozone production results from nonlinear and complex chemistry involving a number of key precursors: odd hydrogen radicals (HOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study examines relationships between ozone production, organic reactivity, and NOx concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley based on measurements taken from the June 18th, 2016 SARP mission. The organic reactivity is defined as the abundance of VOCs weighted by reaction rates with the hydroxyl radical, which is a member of the HOx family. We utilize an analytical model to simulate ozone production and identify regions of interest in the San Joaquin Valley and test two potential controls over local ozone production: additional reductions in anthropogenic emissions in the region and the suppression of VOC emissions due to drought stress.

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    2K Ansichten23 Seiten

    Investigating O3 Production in The San Joaquin Valley

    Hochgeladen von

    jpeterson1
    Kyle Kabasares, University of California Merced - Abstract: The San Joaquin Valley is home to four of the top ten most ozone polluted cities in the United States. Despite years of air quality controls and regulations, the San Joaquin Valley frequently violates California's 8-hour ozone standard of 70 ppb. Tropospheric ozone production results from nonlinear and complex chemistry involving a number of key precursors: odd hydrogen radicals (HOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study examines relationships between ozone production, organic reactivity, and NOx concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley based on measurements taken from the June 18th, 2016 SARP mission. The organic reactivity is defined as the abundance of VOCs weighted by reaction rates with the hydroxyl radical, which is a member of the HOx family. We utilize an analytical model to simulate ozone production and identify regions of interest in the San Joaquin Valley and test two potential controls over local ozone production: additional reductions in anthropogenic emissions in the region and the suppression of VOC emissions due to drought stress.

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    Investigating O3 Production in the San

    Joaquin Valley
    K. Kabasares, University of California, Merced
    S. E. Pusede, University of Virginia
    A. Kotsakis, University of Houston
    J. Geddes, Boston University

    Motivation: Why do we care?


    The San Joaquin Valley frequently
    violates Californias 8 hr. ozone
    standard of 70 ppb.

    Are our air quality policies working?

    Motivation: Why do I care?


    Most Ozone Polluted Cities in the US

    California is my
    home.

    UC Merced

    http://www.movoto.com/blog/top-ten/most-boring-places-in-california/

    http://www.lung.org/our-initiatives/healthy-air/sota/cityrankings/most-polluted-cities.html

    Questions

    How do increases/decreases in
    ozone precursors affect ozone
    production?

    Has drought affected ozone


    precursors?

    https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/drought/historical-palmers/

    O3: A Brief Overview


    hv

    O2

    Troposphere
    Ozone production is a nonlinear
    function of its precursors

    My project is mainly concerned with


    NOx and VOCR effects on O3
    production (PO3).

    O3

    O3

    hv

    NO2
    Soil NOx

    O2
    RON

    O+O

    Vertical
    transport

    O + O2 = O3

    NO2

    RO2
    NO2

    O + O2 =
    O3

    hv

    hv

    Stratosphere

    NO

    hv

    O3
    O2 + O(1D)

    NO2
    2OH

    NO2
    NO2

    HO2
    RO

    OH
    RO2

    R-H: Organic
    molecule
    VOCs

    H2O
    deposition

    OH

    Data Collection

    https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/instrument/facility

    1. Airborne Tropospheric Hydrogen


    Oxides Sensor (ATHOS)
    2. NCAR NOxyO3
    3. Whole Air Samples

    NOx

    4. Proton Transfer-Reaction Mass


    Spectrometer (PTR-MS)

    O3

    2
    3

    VOCs

    Flight Path: 6/18/2016

    Analytical O3 Model
    Responsive
    to controls on NOx

    Uses a set of chemical


    equations to model O3
    production.

    Responsive to controls
    On VOCR
    VOCR: 20 s-1

    VOCR: 10 s-1

    Results
    VOCR: 10 s-1

    VOCR: 4 s-1

    VOCR: 2 s-1

    Results (cont.)

    10

    Results (cont.)

    11

    Results (cont.)

    12

    Results (cont.)

    13

    Modeling 50% NOx Reduction

    14

    What about the drought?


    15

    Isoprene (C5H8)
    Globally, Isoprene is the most important
    BVOC in the atmosphere.
    Emitted by plants and trees.
    C5H8

    Emissions affected by temperature.


    How has the drought affected
    Isoprene and other BVOC
    emissions?

    16

    Decreasing Isoprene Levels in Fresno


    2.5

    isoprene (ppb)

    1.5

    0.5

    0
    1998

    2000

    2002

    2004

    2006

    2008

    2010

    2012

    2014

    2016

    year
    https://www3.epa.gov/ttnamti1/pamsmain.html

    17

    18

    Modeling 60% VOCR Reduction

    19

    Conclusions
    1.

    Identified that the region in the


    SJV we flew over is highly
    responsive to NOx
    control.

    2. Reductions in VOC emissions by


    drought would have little impact
    on PO3 in the SJV, due to its
    chemical regime.

    20

    Acknowledgements
    I would like to thank:

    Dr. Sally Pusede


    Dr. Jeff Geddes
    Alex Kotsakis
    Our tropospheric chemistry
    group aka Team Noxoholics!
    The SARP Class of 2016
    All the graduate student mentors
    Dr. Jessie Sagona
    Dr. Emily Schaller and NSERC

    21

    Questions?
    22

    References
    1. Pusede, S. E. and Cohen, R. C.: On the observed response of ozone to NOx and VOC reactivity reductions in San Joaquin Valley, California
    1995present,
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 83288339, doi:10.5194/acp-12-8323-2012, 2012
    2. Pusede, S. E., et. al : On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission
    controls in San Joaquin Valley, California, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 33733395, doi:10.5194/acp-14-3373-2014, 2014.
    3. Murphy, J. G., et. al: The weekend effect within and downwind of Sacramento Part 1: Observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and VOC
    reactivity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 53275339, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5327-2007, 2007.
    4. A. E. Perring,,S. E. Pusede, and R. C. Cohen: An Observational Perspective on the Atmospheric Impacts of Alkyl and Multifunctional Nitrates
    on Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol

    23

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