SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

SEBATIAN KARBON / CARBON COMPOUND

ALKANA / ALKANE
1

Manakah antara sebatian berikut adalah sebatian organic?

Which of the compounds is an organic compound?
A Glukosa
C
Karbon dioksida
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
B Karbon monoksida
D
Kalsium karbonat
Carbon monoxide
Calcium carbonate
Aras Rendah

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang hidrokarbon?

Which of the following is true about hydrocarbon?
A Hidrokarbon adalah sebatian organic tepu
Hydrocarbons are saturated organic compounds
B Hidrokarbon mengandungi hidrogen dan karbon sahaja
Hydrocarbons contain hydrogen and carbon only.
C

Hidrokarbon adalah larut di dalam pelarut inorganik.

Hydrocarbons are soluble in inorganic solvents.

Hidrokarbon adalah semua sebatian organik.

Hydrocarbons are all organic compounds.
Aras Rendah

Persamaan antara etana dan etena ialah kedua-duanya,

The similarity between ethane and ethene is both,
A Mempunyai dua atom karbon di
C
dalam siri homolog yang sama
dalam molekulnya
are in the same homologous series
have two carbon atoms in the
molecule
B merupakan hidrokarbon tepu
D
larut dalam air
are saturated hydrocarbons
are soluble in water
Aras Rendah

Manakah antara berikut adalah formula am bagi alkana?

Which of the following is the general formula of an alkane?
A CnH2n
C
CnH2n+2
B CnH2n+1
D
CnH2n+1OH
Aras sederhana

Which of the following is an alkane ?

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

HCC H
H

COOH

Aras sederhana
Persamaan menunjukkan tindak balas diantara satu hidrokarbon dengan klorin.
The equation shows the reaction between a hydrocarbon with chlorine.

UV

Manakah berikut adalah formula molekul bagi X ?

Which of the following is the molecular formula of X?
A C2H6
C
C3H8
B

C3H6

C4H10
Aras tinggi

Gas metana boleh menyebabkan kesan rumah hijau.

Proses yang manakah membebaskan gas metana ke udara?
Methane gas can cause greenhouse effect.
Which process releases methane gas into the air?
A

Pembakaran petrol
Combustion of petrol

Reputan tumbuh-tumbuhan
Decay of plants

Aktiviti gunung berapi

Volcanic activity

Fotosintesis
Photosynthesis
Aras Rendah

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Persamaan kimia berikut mewakili pembakaran lengkap etana.

The following chemical equation represents the complete combustion of ethane.
2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)
Berapakah isipadu minimum gas oksigen yang diperlukan untuk pembakaran lengkap 1 mol
gas etana pada keadaan bilik?
What is the minimum volume of oxygen gas needed to burnt 1 mol of ethane gas completely
at room condition?
1 mol gas etana pada keadaan bilik?
[ 1 mol of gas occupying 24 dm3 at room condition ]
A

24 dm3

84 dm3

48 dm3

168 dm3
Aras tinggi

Formula struktur manakah adalah isomer bagi pentane?

Which structural formulae is isomer of pentane?
III

I
H

H
H

II

H
C

IV

HH

HH

HH

C
H

H
H

H
H

H
A

I and II

H
HH

H
B

I dan III

II dan IV

III dan IV
Aras Sederhana

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Propana, C3H8 mengalami pembakaran lengkap untuk menghasilkan karbon dioksida, CO2
dan air, H2O.
Propane, C3H8 undergoes complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide, CO2 and water,
H2O.
Kira isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil apabila 0.5 mol propane terbakar dengan
lengkap pada suhu bilik.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced when 0.5 mol propane burns completely at
room temperature
[ Isipadu molar = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu bilik ]
[ Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature ]
A 72.0 dm3
24.0 dm3
B

36.0 dm3

12.5 dm3
Aras tinggi

ALKENA / ALKENE
1

Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas alkena

The equation below shows a reaction of alkene.
CH3CH=CH2 + Y CH3CH2CH2Br
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah Y?
Which of the following is Y?
A Bromin, Br2
C
Bromine, Br2
B

Hidrogen bromida, HBr

Hydrogen bromide, HBr

Natrium bromida, NaBr

Sodium bromide, NaBr
Magnesium bromida, MgBr2
Magnesium bromide, MgBr2
Aras tinggi

Manakah formula molekul bagi hidrokarbon tak tepu?

Which of the molecular formula is unsaturated hydrocarbon?

C3H6

C4H10

C5H12

C6H14
Aras sederhana

Etena dapat dibezakan daripada etana kerana etena dapat

Ethene can be differentiate from ethane because ethene can

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

terlarut campur dengan air manakala etana tidak

miscrible in water whereas ethane cannot

terbakar dalam udara manakala etana tidak

burn in air whereas ethane cannot

bertindak balas dengan ester manakala etana tidak

react with alcohol to produce ester whereas ethane cannot
melunturkan warna perang air bromin pada suhu bilik manakala etana tidak
decolourised the brown colour of bromine water at room temperature whereas ethane
cannot

Aras sederhana
4

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula molekul bagi dua sebatian hidrokarbon.

Diagram below shows molecular formulae of two hydrocarbon compounds.
C4H8
C4H10
Compound A
Compound B

Antara berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sebatian A dan B?

Which of the following is true about compounds A and B?
A Sebatian A menghasilkan lebih jelaga apabila terbakar dalam udara
Compound A produces more soot when burnt in air
B Sebatian B menyahwarnakan warna perang air bromine, sebatian A tidak
Compound B decolorizes brown bromine water, compound A does not

Sebatian A adalah hidrokarbon tepu, sebatian B adalah hidrokarbon tak tepu

Compound A is a saturated hydrocarbon, compound B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Sebatian A mengalami tindak balas penukargantian, sebatian B mengalami tindak

balas penambahan
Compound A undergoes substitution reaction, compound B undergoes addition
reaction
Aras sederhana

Nama IUPAC bagi sebatian antara tindak balas propena dan bromin ialah
The IUPAC name of the compound formed by the reaction between propene and bromine is
A

Bromopropana / Bromopropane

1,2-dibromopropana /1,2-dibromopropane

1,1-dibromopropana
1,1-dibromopropane

1,3-dibromopropana / 1,3-dibromopropane
Aras sederhana

Sifat-sifat yang manakah sama bagi propana dan propena?

Which properties of propane and propene are the same?

Larut dalam air

Soluble in water

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

menyahwarnakan warna perang air bromin

Decolourise brown colour of bromine water

Terbakar lengkap dalam udara menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air

Burn completely in air to produce carbon dioxide and water

Menyahwarnakan warna ungu larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid

Decolourise purple colour of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution
Aras sederhana

Persamaan di bawah mewakilii tindak balas penyediaan etanol dalam industri.

The equation below represents the reaction in the industrial prepraration of athanol.
CH2 = CH2 + H2O

Phosphoric
acid

CH2 CH2 OH

300C / 60 atm
Apakah nama proses penyediakan etanol industri?
What is the name of the process for the preparation of ethanol in industry?
A

Pengoksidaan
Oxidation

B Penghidratan
Hydration

Pendehidratan
Dehydration

D Penghidrogenan
Hydrogenation
Aras sederhana

Rajah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu sebatian.

Diagram shows the structural formula of an organic compound.

H CH H

Apakah nama sebatian itu berdasarkan penamaan IUPAC?

What is the name of the compound based on IUPAC nomenclature?
A Pent-2-ene
C
2-methylbut-2-ene
B

2-methylbut-1-ene

3-methylbut-2-ene
Aras sederhana

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian karbon J.

Diagram below shows the structural formula of carbon compound J.

H
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah benar?

Which of the following statements are true?
[ Isipadu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1
Jisim atom relative : H = 1 ; C = 12 ]
[ Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ]
I
Formula empirik J ialah C4H8
Empirical formula of J is C4H8
II

Sebatian J ialah but-1-ena

Compound J is but-1-ene

III

Penghidratan sebatian J menghasilkan butan-1-ol

Hydration of compound J produce butan-1-ol

IV

Pembakaran lengkap sebatian J menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan air

Complete combustion of compound J produce carbon dioxide gas and water

I dan II sahaja

III dan IV sahaja

C I, II dan III sahaja

D II, III dan IV sahaja

Aras sederhana

10

The chemical formula of butene is C4H8. Determine the relative molecular mass for the
alcohol that same number of carbon with butene.
Formula kimia bagi butena ialah C4H8. Tentukan jisim molekul relatif bagi alkohol yang
mempunyai bilangan atom karbon yang sama dengan butena.
[ Relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12, O=16 ]
[ Jisim atom relatif H=1, C=12, O=16 ]
A 30

48

56

74
Aras tinggi

11

Propene can be change to propanol by the process of

Propena boleh ditukar kepada propanal melalui proses
A

Oxidation
B
Pengoksidaan
Penghidrogenan

Dehydration
Penghidratan

Fermentation
Penapaian

Hydrogenation
Aras sederhana

12 Diagram below shows the structural formula of an unsaturated hydrocarbon Q.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu Q.

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

H
H

H
H

H
Which of the following is the isomer of hydrocarbon Q?
Antara berikut, yang manakah merupakan isomer bagi hidrokarbon Q?

H
H

H
H

H
H

H
H

H
H

H
Aras Rendah

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Rajah menunjukkan susunan radas dalam penyediaan gas Y

The diagram shows the apparatus set-up in preparing gas Y.

P orcelain
chips
Serpihan

Gas Y
Gas Y

Water
Air

Heat
Panaskan

Glass wool + ethanol

Wul kaca + ethanol
Apakah gas Y? / What is gas Y?
A
Etana
B Etena
Ethane
Ethene

Metana
Methane

D Karbon dioksida
Carbon dioxide
Aras sederhana

14

The following equation represents a reaction for industrial preparation of propanol.

Persamaan berikut mewakili tindak balas penyediaan etanol secara industri.

P + H2O

CH3CH2CH2OH

Mangkin X, 300 C / 60 atm

Catalyst X, 300 C/ 60 atm
Apakah P dan mangkin X?
What is P and catalyst X?
P

Mangkin X / Catalyst X

A
B
C

C2H4
C3H6
C2H4

Platinum / Platinum
Nickel / Nikel
Asid sulfurik / Sulphuric acid

C3H6

Asid fosforik / Phosphoric acid

Aras tinggi

ALKOHOL, ASID KARBOKSILIK, ESTER

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

ALCOHOL, CARBOXYLIC ACID, ESTER

1

Apakah kumpulan berfungsi bagi suatu alkohol?

What is the functional group of an alcohol?
A

-OH

C=C

-COO-

COOH
Aras rendah

Persamaan berikut menunjukkan pembakaran lengkap etanol untuk menghasilkan gas X

dan sebatian R. Apakah nama gas X dan sebatian R?
The following equation shows a complete combustion of ethanol to form gas X and
compound R. What is the name of gas X and compound R?
C2H5OH + 3O2 2X + 3R
A
B

Nitrogen dan air

Nitrogen and water
Karbon dioksida dan air
Carbon dioxide and water

C
D

Karbon monoksida dan nitrogen

Carbon monoxide and nitrogen
Hidrogen dan karbon dioksida
Hydrogen and carbon dioxide
Aras sederhana

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu sebatian organik.

The diagram below show the structural formula of an organic compound.

CH3 H

OH H

Apakah nama sebatian organik itu?

What is the name of the organic compound?
A

Butan-2-ol
Butan-2-ol

2-metilbutan-2-ol
2-methylbutan-2-ol

2-etilpropan-1-ol
2-ethylpropan-1-ol

2-metilpropan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
Aras rendah

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Etanol digunakan sebagai pelarut di dalam penyediaan ubat batuk. Antara berikut yang
manakah siri homolog bagi etanol?
Ethanol is used as a solvent in the preparation of cough syrup. Which of the following is
the homologous series of ethanol?
A

Alkana / Alkane

Alkohol / Alcohol

Alkena/ Alkene

Asid karbosilik / Carboxylic acid

Aras rendah

Persamaan berikut mewakili proses penapaian.

The equation represents fermentation process.

Yeast
Yis

ethanol + Y
etanol

Apakah P dan Y?
What is P and Y?
Bahan yang ditapai
Substances fermented

Gas yang dibebaskan semasa penapaian

Gas evolved during fermentation

Glukosa / Glucose

Gas karbon dioksida / Carbon dioxide gas

B
C
D

Hidrokarbon / Hydrocarbons

Gas oksigen / Oxygen gas

Glukosa / Glucose

Gas oksigen / Oxygen gas

Hidrokarbon / Hydrocarbons

Gas karbon dioksida / Carbon dioxide gas

Pengetahuan/ sederhana

Ester yang berformula C3H7COOCH3 boleh dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara
An ester which has the formula C3H7COOCH3 can be produced from the reaction
between
A

C2H5OH and CH3COOH

C2H5OH and HCOOCH3

C
D

CH3OH and C3H7COOH

CH3OH and HCOOC2H5
Aplikasi / rendah

11

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan formula struktur bagi molekul P dan Q.

Diagram below shows the structural formulae of two molecules P and Q.

HH
H C C OH
H PH

HHH
HC CCH
HOH
QH

Pernyataan yang manakah benar bagi kedua-dua molekul P dan Q?

Which statement is true of both molecules P and Q?
A

Kedua-duanya mempunyai kumpulan berfungsi yang berlainan

They have different functional groups

Semua sifat fiziknya sama

All their physical properties are similar

Semua sifat kimianya berbeza

All their chemical properties are different

Kedua-dua boleh diwakili oleh satu formula am yang sama

They can be represented by the same general formula
Aras sederhana

Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan pendehidratan propanol kepada gas propena

The following chemical equation shows the dehydration of propanol to produce
propene gas.
C3H5OH C3H6 + H2O
Jika 15.0 g propanol telah didehidratkan, hitung isipadu gas propena yang terhasil pada
suhu bilik.
If 15.0 g of propanol is dehydrated, calculate the volume of propene gas produced at
room temperature.
[ Relative atomic mass : C=12 ; O=16 ; H=1]
[ Molar volume of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 mol-1 ]
A 18.00 dm3

8.57 dm3

B 17.14 dm3

6.00 dm3
Aras tinggi

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Rajah menunjukkan carta alir bagi proses M dalam penyediaan bahan P

The diagram shows a flow chart of process M in preparing substances P.
.

Etanol
Etanol

Propanoic acid
Asid propanoik

Process M
Proses M

Substance P
Bahan P
Antara berikut yang manakah benar?
Which of the following is true?
Proses M / Process M

Bahan P / Substances P

Pengesteran / Esterification

Etil propanoat / Ethyl propanoate

Penghidrogenan / Hydrogenation

Propil etanoat / Propyl ethanoate

Penghidrogenan / Hydrogenation

Etil propanoat / Ethyl propanoate

Pengesteran / Esterification

Propil etanoat / Propyl ethanoate

Aras rendah

10

Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan pendehidratan propanol kepada gas propena

The following chemical equation shows the dehydration of propanol to produce propene
gas.
C3H5OH C3H6 + H2O
Jika 15.0 g propanol telah didehidratkan, hitung isipadu gas propena yang terhasil pada
suhu bilik.
If 15.0 g of propanol is dehydrated, calculate the volume of propene gas produced at
room temperature.
[ Relative atomic mass : C=12 ; O=16 ; H=1]
[ Molar volume of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3 mol-1 ]
A 18.00 dm3
C
8.57 dm3
3
B 17.14 dm
D
6.00 dm3
Aras tinggi

13

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Wap etanol disalurkan melalui serpihan pasu berliang yang panas. Sejenis gas terhasil.
Manakah yang berikut menerangkan gas yang terhasil?
Ethanol vapour is passed though the hot porcelain chips. A gas is produced. Which of
the following explain the gas produced?
I

menyahwarnakan warna ungu larutan kalium manganat (VII) berasid

decolourised the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution

II

menyahwarnakan warna perang air bromin

decolourised the brown colour of bromine water

III

terbakar dengan lengkap dalam udara untuk menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan
air
burnt completely in air to produce carbon dioxide gas and water

IV

menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah

change the colour of blue litmus paper to red

I dan III sahaja

I and III only

I, II dan III sahaja

I, II and III only

II dan IV sahaja
II and IV only

I, II, III dan IV

I, II, III and IV
Aras tinggi

12

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan penukaran X kepada dua sebatian organik melalui proses
pengoksidaan dan penurunan. Apakah X?
Diagram below shows the conversion of X to two organic compounds through oxidation
process and dehydration process. What is X?

Oxidation
Pengoksidaan

CHCOOH

X
CH 4

Dehydration
Dehidrasi
A

CH3COOC2H5

C2H5OH

C2H5COOH

CH3OH
Aras sederhana

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

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CARBON COMPOUND

Jadual menunjukkan empat jenis ester berlainan yang dihasilkan melalui tindak balas
antara alcohol tertentu dengan asid karboksilik yang berbeza.
The table shows four different types of esters produced by reacting certain alcohols with
different carboxylic acids.
Ester
Ester

Alcohol
Alcohol

Asid karboksilik
Carboxylic acid

Methanol, CH3OH
Methanol, CH3OH

Asid butanoik, C3H7COOH

Butanoic acid, C3H7COOH

Ethanol, C2H5OH
Etanol, C2H5OH

Asid metanoik, HCOOH

Methanoic acid, HCOOH

Propanol, C3H7OH
Propanol, C3H7OH

Asid etanoik, CH3COOH

Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH

Butanol, C4H9OH
Butanol, C4H9OH

Asid propanoik, C2H5COOH

Propanoic acid, C2H5COOH

Pasangan ester yang manakah mempunyai formula molekul yang sama?

Which pair of esters has the same molecular formula?
A

P dan R

R dan S

P dan Q

Q dan S
Aras sederhana

14

Which of the following is not a chemical property of ethanoic acid?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan sifat kimia bagi asid etanoik?
A
B
C
D

Reacts with ethanol to produce ethyl ethanoate and hydrogen

Bertindak balas dengan etanol untuk menghasilkan etil etanoat dan hidrogen
Reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium ethanoate and water
Bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida untuk menghasilkan natrium etanoat dan
air
Reacts with magnesium to produce magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen
Bertindak balas dengan magnesium untuk menghasilkan magnesium etanoat dan
hidrogen
Reacts with potassium carbonate to produce potassium ethanoate, carbon dioxide
and water
Bertindak balas dengan kalium karbonat untuk menghasilkan kalium etanoat,
karbon dioksida dan air
Aras tinggi

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CARBON COMPOUND

Rajah menunjukkan satu carta alir perubahan alkena kepada asid karboksilik dan
alkane.
Diagram shows a flow chart showing the conversion of alkene to carboxylic acid and
alkene.

Alkane
Alkana

Alkene
Alkena

Alcohol
Alkohol
3

Carboxylic acid
Alkohol Karboksilik
Apakah tindak balas 1,2 dan 3?
What are reaction of 1,2 and 3?
1
A
Penghidrogenan
Hydrogenation
B
Penghidrogenan
Hydrogenation

2
Penghidratan
Hydration
Pengoksidaan
Oxidation

3
Pengoksidaan
Oxidation
Pendehidratan
Dehydration

Pengoksidaan
Oxidation

Penghidratan
Hydration

Pendehidratan
Dehydration

Penghidratan
Hydration

Penghidrogenan
Hydrogenation

Pengoksidaan
Oxidation
Aras rendah

16

Apakah siri homolog bagi propil propanoat?

What is the homologous series of propyl propanoate?
A Ester / Ester
C
Alkohol / Alcohol
B

Alkena / Alkene

Asid karboksilik / Carboxylic acid

Aras rendah

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

LEMAK / GETAH
FATS / NATURAL RUBBER
1

Which of the following is incorrect about the conversion of unsaturated fats to saturated
fats?
Antara berikut, yang manakah tidak benar berkaitan pernukaran lemak tak tepu kepada
lemak tepu
A
B
C
D

The boiling point of the oil increases

Takat didih minyak meningkat
Physical state changes from liquid to solid
Sifat fizik berubah dari cecair kepada pepejal
Relative molecular mass of the oil molecule increases
Jisim molekul relatif molekul minyak meningkat
Intermolecular forces become weaker
Daya tarikan antara molekul semakin lemah
Kefahaman / sederhana

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah merupakan sifat getah tervulkan?

Which of the following is a property of vulcanised rubber?
A Less elastic
C
Harder and stronger
Kurang kenyal
Lebih keras dan kuat
B Easily oxidized
D
Less heat resistant
Mudah dioksidakan
Kurang tahan haba
Aras sederhana

Apakah tujuan menambah asid formic ke dalam lateks?

What is the purpose of adding formic acid in latex?
A

Untuk mengawet lateks

To preserve latex

Untuk menambah baik kualiti lateks

To improve the quality of latex

Untuk menggumpalkan lateks

To coagulate latex

Untuk mencegah penggumpalan

lateks
To prevent coagulation of latex
Aras rendah

Antara bahan kimia berikut, yang manakah digunakan untuk mengekalkan lateks dalam
keadaan cecair?
Which of the following chemicals is used to keep latex in its liquid state?
A Ammonia akueous
C
Metanol
Aqueous ammonia
Methanol

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

B

CARBON COMPOUND

Asid ethanoik
Ethanoic acid

Air
Water
Aras rendah

Tayar kapal terbang diperbuat daripada getah tervulkan. Apakah sifat getah tervulkan
yang menyebabkan sesuai digunakan dalam pembuatan tayar kapal terbang?
The aircraft tyres are made from vulcanized rubber. What property of vulcanized rubber
makes it suitable to be used for making these aircraft tyres?
A
B

Ia boleh menerima tegangan yang terlalu besar dan kuat

It can take the tremendous stress and strength
Ia keras dan kuat
It is harder and stronger

Ia tahan pengoksidaan
It resist to the oxidation

Ia boleh mengekalkan keelastikannya

It can maintain their elasticity
Aras tinggi

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur Getah U dan Getah V.

Diagram below shows the structure of Rubber U and Rubber V.

Rubber U
Getah U

Rubber V
Getah V

Pilih padanan yang betul mengenai Getah U dan Getah V.

Choose the correct match between Rubber U and Rubber V.
Rubber U
Getah U
A
B
C

Rubber V
Getah V

Lebih kenyal
More elastic
Kuat dan keras
Stronger and harder
Takat lebur tinggi
High melting point

Kurang kenyal
Less elastic
Lemah dan lembut
Weaker and softer
Takat lebur rendah
Low melting point

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

D

CARBON COMPOUND

Mudah teroksida
Easily oxidized

Tidak mudah teroksida

Difficult to oxidize
Aras rendah

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