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LESSON TWO
Feminine Gender, Dual and Plural
1. Feminine Gender )(
a) The usual feminine ending, as said in the first lesson, is ,
a. e.g. a village, a cow,
b. However, two feminine nouns have long at the end.
c. Sister, daughter
b) The second feminine ending is known as alif maqsurah ) ( short
alif which is pronounced as a, e.g.
(names of women),
(blind woman),
(beautiful woman)
d) There are, however, feminine nouns that do not have any of these
endings. They may be classified in the following categories:
1. Names of women, e.g.
2. Females, e.g.
bride
mother
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eye
arm
hand
foot, leg
Egypt
Syria
house,
fire
sky
sun
earth
soul
All the nouns that do not fall in these categories are masculine. You may
also say that all nouns are masculine except those that belong to these
categories.
2. Number
Arabic has three numbers: singular )(, dual )(, and plural )
(
(a) The dual
To form the dual, add to the singular, masculine as well as
feminine, e.g.
Singular
Dual
merchant
Muslim
eye
cat
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irregular plural
Regular Plurals
Regular plurals of masculine and feminine are formed in different ways.
In the case of masculine, add to the singular. For example:
Singular
plural
servant
`writer
merchant
farmer
In the case of feminine, drop, first, the ending , and then add .
For example:
Singular
plural
girl student
Muslim woman
cow
Irregular plural
Most masculine and feminine nouns are not pluralized according to
the above rules; their plurals are conventional. However, there are some
definite patterns on which they are pluralized. Following are some of
them. For others, see appendix 1
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Singular
1.
writer
2.
mountain
river
4.
3.
Plural
bird
Some nuns gave both regular and irregular plurals. For example:
has and
, has and etc.
3. Agreement of Subject and Predicate in Number
a. Usually the predicate agrees with the subject in number, e.g.
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4. Interrogative Sentences
The common way to make an interrogative sentence is to put or
hamzah ) (in the beginning
Indicative
Interrogative
Is Khalid true?
Note: To facilitate reading, the sukun on the lam of is changed into kasrah, and
lam is joined with the next letter.
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To Memorise
Table of Irab
Singular
Dual
Plural
Masculine
Feminine
Masculine
Feminine
Masculine
Feminine