Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
01(a).
Sol:
Cache memory:- It is the fastest and costliest
memory
(i) It occupies top position in the memory
Hierarchy
(ii) It acts as bridge between CPU and main
memory to prevent speed mismatch.
(iii) It maintains locality reference
Main memory:- It occupies central position in
memory hierarchy
(i) It is faster than secondary memory but slower
than cache memory
(ii) It is generally designed with dynamic RAM
technology
01(b).
Sol: Carbide tools are coated with aluminum and
zirconium coatings on the tool surface at a
high temperature and retard diffusion wear
of the tool. Similarly the resistance to crater
wear of tungsten carbide tools can be
significantly increased by a few microns
thickness of titanium carbide.
The ease with which the machining of a
given work piece can be done is called
machinability. The easiness of machining
can be measured in terms of surface finish,
tool life, forces in machining, power
consumption, specific cutting energy, MRR,
temperature of the chip, shear angle etc.
Sometimes machinability also can be
indicated by using machinability index, M.I
= Vt / Vs, Vt is the cutting velocity for
60min tool life on test work piece and Vs is
the cutting velocity for 60min tool life on
standard work piece.
01(c).
Sol: Features of diamond and CBN cutting tools
are
a. In diamond tool the major constituent
element is carbon where as in CBN the
major constituent element is boron.
ACE Engg. Academy
CPM
(i) Activity oriented
(ii) Deterministic
(iii) Time is fixed
(iv) No limitation of
resources.
01(e).
Sol: The present value of Rs. 100 received after
one year is,
A
100
P1
Rs 90.9
n
1 i 1 0.1
100
Rs. 100 after 2 years is, P2
82.6
1.12
100
Rs. 100 after 3years is, P3
75.1
1.13
100
Rs. 100 after 4years is, P4
68.3
1.14
P = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 = Rs. 316.9
:3:
01(f).
Sol: Value Analysis Procedure
The basic steps are:
(i) Blast:
Identify the product (1)
Collect relevant information (2)
Define different functions (3)
(ii) Create:
Create different alternatives (4)
Critically evaluate the alternatives(5)
(iii) Refine:
Develop the best alternative (6)
Implement the alternative (7)
01(g).
Sol: Composite materials have emerged as the
materials of choice for increasing the
performance and reducing the weight and
cost of military, general aviation, and
transport aircraft and space launch vehicles.
Major advancements have been made in the
ability to design, fabricate, and analyze
large complex aerospace structures.
Composite materials maximise weight
reduction as they typically are 20 per cent
lighter than aluminium and are known to
be more reliable than other traditional
metallic materials, leading to reduced
aircraft maintenance costs, and a lower
number of inspections during service.
Additional
benefits
of
composite
technologies include added strength and
superior durability for a longer lifespan.
01(h)
Sol:
Deterministic
Probabilistic
125 kN
B
a
VA=125 kN
MC=125a
VB=125 kN
MD=125a
143.75 kNm
4
4
Extreme bending stress
M 143.75 106
148.9 N/mm2
3
Z
965.3 10
(less than 165 N/mm2)
The beam section is safe.
CD,
02(b).
Sol: The factors which are responsible for
formation of discontinuous Chips are
During machining of hard and brittle
materials : i.e. during machining of hard
and brittle materials with whatever may
be the machining parameters it is possible
to produce only the discontinuous chips.
Low speed machining: During machining
of soft and ductile work pieces with low
:4:
02(c).
60nL 95 h
106
60(720)(10000)
432million rev
106
Sol: L 95
1 / 1.17
1 / 1.17
1
1
n 0.95
L95 R 95
n 1
L90 n 1
0.90
R 90
= 0.5405
L 95
432
L 90
0.5405 0.5405
= 799.26 million revolutions
C = P (L90)1/3
= 3000 (799.26)1/3
= 27840.94 N
Rs = (R)N = (0.95)4
= 0.8145 = 81.45%
02(d).
Sol: V1 95 km / hr
95 103
m / s 26.39m / s
60 60
and V2 = 0
(i)
(V1 V2 )
t
(26.39 0)
6=
t
t = 4.4 s
1
1
V1 (26.39) m / s
2
2
Deceleration =
Vave
:5:
1
(26.39)(4.4)=58.06 m
2
KE of the vehicle = Ev
1
1 13.5 103
2
2
(26.39) 2
E v m(V1 V2 )
2
2 9.81
Where, Et = kinetic energy of rotating parts
Et = 1.1 Ev
= 131 779 J
V
26.39
ave ave
rad / s
r
2(0.375)
26.39
ave t
(4.4) 154.82rad
2(0.375)
(iv) M t
E t 131779
851.18 N m
154.82
(v) T
E t 131779
28.65o C
mc 10(460)
03(a).
Sol: Tensile stress due to the weight of the disc
100 9.81
=
78.06 N/mm2
2
( 4)
4
Let = maximum shear stress due to torsion
The principal stresses are,
2
2
4
2
Major principal stress, 1 = 2
2
4
2
2
Minor principal stress, 2 =
2
4
2 =100 N/mm2
2
4
8 10 4
2
(b) Maximum shear stress consideration
2
For this case, max= 2 = 50 N/mm2
4
39.032 2 = 50
39.032 + 2 = 2500
= 31.25 N/mm2
Corresponding angle of twist
l
.
G R
2000 31.25
= 0.391 radians
8 10 4
2
From the above two considerations,
Maximum angle of twist permissible
= 0.391 radian = 22o.40
03(b).
35 0
17.5 N / mm 2
2
35 0
a
17.5 N / mm 2
2
30 (15)
m
7.5 N / mm 2
2
30 (15)
a
22.5 N / mm 2
2
Sol: m
1 2
2
2
4
2
m e
( m ) 2 3( m ) 2 (7.5) 2 3(17.5) 2
= 31.22 N/mm2
:6:
a e
tan
04(a).
a e
m e
37.75
1.2
31.22
Sm
S
S
a 1 and a tan 1.2
540 200
Sm
2
Sa=152.83 N/mm and Sm=127.36 N/mm2
S
152.83
FS a
4.05
a e 37.75
03(c).
Sol: A = 2(50 t) = 100 t mm2
P 10000 100
2
1
N / mm
A 100 t t
502
2
J1 = J2 = A1 1 r12 50t
12
12 25
2
41667 t mm
J = J1+J2 = 2 J1 = 83333 t mm4
M r (175 104 )(35.36)
J
(83 333) t
2 7.28 104 15
12.54 51664.9 N
5002
64
Reduction in critical load
=55109.2-51664.9=3444.3 N
Percentage reduction in critical load
3444.3
=
100 6.25 %
55109.2
=
742.56
2
N / mm
t
Solid rod
(25) 4
Is=
mm 4
64
Hollow rod
D14 D 42
15 4
Ih=
16D 42 D 42
D2
64
64
64
15
=
(12.5) 4 mm 4
64
2
Critical load, Ph = 2 (EI) h
e
100 742.56
742.56
max
cos45
sin 45
t t
t
816.34
N / mm 2
t
816.34
95
t
t = 8.59 mm
of
2
Critical load = Ps= 2 (EI) h
e
e = 150 + 25=175 mm
M = P e = 10000 175 = 175104 Nmm
3
Area
4
= 50.4
04(b).
Sol: Permissible stresses for shafts and keys:
S
0.5Syt 0.5(240)
sy
40 N / mm 2
FOS FOS
3
S
S
240
c yc yt
80 N / mm 2
FS FS
3
:7:
Permissible shear stress for pins:
= 35 N/mm2
S
240
t yt
80 N / mm 2
FS
3
Shaft diameter:
60 106 P 60 106 (5)
Mt
2N
2(720)
= 66 314.56 N-mm
16M t
16(66314.56)
40
3
d
d 3
d=20.36 mm 22 mm ---- (i)
Dimensions of key:
d 22
b=h=
=5.5 6 mm
4 4
=1.5d = 33 mm
Size of key: 6633 mm
2M t 2(66314.56)
30.45 N / mm 2
db
(22)(6)(33)
4M t 4(66314.56)
c
60.90 N/mm2
dh
(22)(6)(33)
< 40 N/mm2 and c < 80 N/mm2
Dimensions of bushes: N = 4
D = 4d = 422 = 88 mm
2M t 2(66314.56)
D 2b
DN
(88)(4)
Db = 19.41 20 mm
b = Db = 20 mm
Diameter of pins:
2M t 2(66314.56)
P=
DN
(88)(4)
= 376.79 N
20
Mb=P b 5 376.79 5
2
= 5651.81-mm
32M b
32(5651.81)
80
3
d1
d13
d =8.96 9 mm
b
H/2
W
R
R
Q
H/2
TQ = mgR
m
= m
12 12
2
2 H 2
= m
12 3
From dynamic equilibrium
2 H 2
gH
m gR
m
0
2
12 3
g R H / 2 0
2 H2
12 3
Natural frequency of rocking motion of
gR H / 2
rectangular block = 2
2
H
12 3
1
2
:8:
If R<H/2, the unbalanced torque accelerates
the block so the block roll over the surface
and finally detached from surface.
05(a).
Sol:
M1 M 2 M 3 M 4
J1 0 2 6 1
J 2 3 0 4 1
J 3 0 3 6 3
J 4 7 1 5 0
Since the third column has no zero element, we
subtract the smallest element 4 from all the
elements.
M1 M 2
J1 0
J 2 3
J 3 0
J 4 7
M3
2
0
3
1
M4
1
1
3
2
0
2
1
J1 0
J 2 3
J 3 0
J 4 7
2
0
3
1
M3
2
0
2
1
M4
1
1
3
J1
J2
J3
J4
M2
M3
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
M4
1
2
3
M1 M 2
J1 0
J 2 5
J 3 0
J 4 8
0
0
1
0
M3
0
0
0
0
M4
0
2
2
N=4=n=4
:9:
Hence, we can make an assignment.
M1 M 2
J1 0
J 2 5
J 3 0
J 4 8
0
0
1
0
M3
0
0
0
0
M4
0
2
2
Optimal assignment
Job
J1
J2
J3
J4
Machine
M4
M2
M1
M3
Machine
M1
M2
M3
M4
AI
g / sec
ZF
Where,
A = gram atomic weight of work piece material,
05(d).
Sol: JIG: JIG is a device used for holding and
positioning of the work piece, locating and
guiding the tool. Usually JIGs are light in
construction. These are used in the drilling,
reaming, taping etc .
Fixture: Fixture is a device used for
holding and positioning of work piece,
locating and setting of the tool but no
guidance is given to the tool. Fixtures are
heavy in construction and used in turning,
milling, grinding etc.
: 10 :
Advantages:
1. Accuracy of the component produced is
very good.
2. Consistency in manufacturing is possible
3. Due to consistency in manufacturing
100% inspection of component is not
required. Therefore cost of inspection is
reduced.
4. The loading and unloading of the
components is easier and faster.
5. Skilled persons are not required for
loading and unloading.
6. Rate of production will be increased.
7. Cost of manufacturing will be reduced.
Limitations:
1. Unless
sufficient
quantities
are
manufactured, the usage of jigs and fixtures
cannot be justifiable economically.
2.
3.
06(a).
Sol: Production of acetylene:CaC2 + 2H2O C2H2 + Ca(OH) 2
Acetylene can be produced in two ways.
1. Water to carbide used in production of Low
pressure acetylene and where small gas yields
and portability are required
ACE Engg. Academy
Water
CaC2
06(b).
Sol:
T
A
600 N-m
T1
60
120
180 240
B E
300 360
C
420
: 11 :
Power developed by the engine = Tmean
2NTmean
=
28.26 kW
60
Coefficient of fluctuation of energy:
T1 600
60 120
(from similar triangles ABC and CDE)
T1 = 300 N-m
Resultant Turning moment diagram :
T
600
450
06(c).
Sol: Given,
300
60 2 120
180
240
300
60 1
60
1 = 30,
2 = 90
Fluctuation in energy
1
= 2 1
600 450
2
180
= 25
Coefficient of fluctuation of energy
fluctuation in energy
=
work done
25
=
0.0278 2.78%
900
(iii) Coefficient of fluctuation of speed (CS)
I2CS = 25
2 600
16 0.25
C S 25
60
CS = 0.0199 = 1.99%
360
d = 50 mm
p = 10 kW
N = 200 rpm
Syt = Syc
= 380 N/mm2
FOS = 3
Ssy
FOS
219.26
= 73.08 N/mm2
3
T
2 200
2
= 477464.82 N-mm
Key dimensions:
The industrial practices is to use a square
key with sides equal to one quarter of the
shaft diameter
Therefore,
d
bh
4
50
12.5 mm
4
Torque transmitted,
pd
______ (1)
T
2
(a) According to shear failure
p
______ (2)
b
[when bl = area where shear failure takes
place]
From eqn (1) & (2)
2T
b
d
: 12 :
2T
bd
2 477464.84
= 20.9 mm
73.08 12.5 50
1
(Pb ) m [5750 4500] 5125 N
2
1
(Pb ) a [5750 4500] 625 N
2
Sm Sa
1 ------(1)
Sut Se
P
Where , Sm i Sa ------(2)
A
From eqn 1 & 2 we get
2
d
4T
c dh
4 477464.82
= 24.12 mm
126.67 50 12.5
From both crushing failure and shear
failure, the length of the key should be 25
mm.
The dimensions of the key are
= 12.5 12.5 25
07(a).
Sol: Se = 0.5Sut = 0.5(630) =315N/mm2
For 50% reliability,
kc = 1
1 1
kd
kf 3
Se=KcKd Se = 1(1/3)(315)=105 N/mm2
kc 3kb
kb
kb P
P P
P
0.25P
kb kc
kb 3kb 4
Pb=Pi+P=Pi+0.25P
(Pb)max=Pi+0.25P=4500+0.25(5000)=5750 N
(Pb)min=Pi+0.25P=4500+0.25(0)=4500 N
ACE Engg. Academy
1 (Sut / Se )
1 (630 / 105)
= 72.44 N/mm2
Sa (Pb ) a
72.44 625
FS
A
FS
36.6
Sa
FS = 4.24 5
07(b).
Sol:
tE =
t o 4t m t p
6
2
t to
2 p
=
6
6-9-18
10
1
9
5-8-17
9
4-7-22
4-7-16
8
3
Activity
1-2
1-3
2-4
3-4
2-5
4-5
3-5
4-7-10
7
4-10-22
4
11
5
2-5-8
to tm tp
6-9-18
5-8-17
4-7-22
4-7-16
4-7-10
4-10-22
2-5-8
Te
10
9
9
8
7
11
5
2
4
4
9
4
1
9
1
: 13 :
Critical path:
Job
125
= 10 + 7
1 2 4 5 = 10 + 9 + 11
1 3 4 5 = 9 + 8 + 11
135
= 9+5
= 17
= 30
= 28
= 14
Critical path = 1 2 4 5
Te = 30 days; Ts = 36 days
T Te
Z= s
1
4
5
2
3
M/c B
P.T
4
6
5
9
8
In
0
4
10
15
24
M/c A
P.T
5
3
4
6
2
Out
4
10
15
24
32
In
4
10
15
24
32
Out
9
13
19
30
34
I.T
0
0
2
5
2
M/c C
P.I
In
8
9
7
17
11
24
10
35
6
45
Out
17
24
35
45
51
I.T
0
0
0
0
0
07(d).
Sol:
To calculate :
2 of critical path
2 = 4 + 9 + 9 = 22
= 22 = 4.69
36 30
Z=
= 1.27 1.3
4.69
From the table
Z = 1.3 probability = 90.32 %
A
22 cm
15 cm
B
10 cm
07(c).
Sol:
Order B A C
Job
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
OB 10 cm
Processing time
B A C
4
5
8
9
6
10
8
2
6
6
3
7
5
4
11
OA + OB > AB
(since this position is possible)
This will be the last position after which
rotation is not possible.
Input link cant act as crank.
Input link in order to act as crank without
Processing Time
B+A A+C
9
13
15
16
10
8
9
10
9
15
Optimal sequence
1 4 5 2
ACE Engg. Academy
B
10
O
22
: 14 :
B
A
O
stroke
A
Stroke =
=
OA AB2 102
12 222 10 2 = 32.5 cm
: 15 :
: 16 :