ABAP and Netweaver Day 3: Hong Kong, China 3 - 7 July 2012

ABAP and Netweaver
Day 3
Hong Kong, China
3 7 July 2012
* Materials for this workshop are adapted from available resources from SAP UA
Agenda
ABAP Objects
BSP (Business Server Pages)

Web AS
BAPIs (Business Application Programming Interface)
BSP
MVC Architecture
Web Dynpro
Overview
Programming Web Dynpro
2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
ABAP Objects
Introduction ABAP Objects
Object-oriented enhancement of ABAP
Stepwise conversion of existing ABAP source code

into ABAP Objects
Major tools:
ABAP Editor
Class Builder
Principles of Object Orientation I
Classes are the definition of an object including

attributes and methods of this object
Objects are instances of classes

Example:
Class: Car
Instance: My car with the license number xxx
Use of classes and methods

Procedurale approach
Object-oriented approach
Braking
Car_accelerate
Show_speed
Accelerate
Car_braking
Car_show_speed
Car
Car_stop
Car_Gear_change_up
Car_Gear_change_down
Stop
Gear_change up
Gear_change_down
Principles of Object Orientation II

Encapsulation:
The implementation of a class is invisible

outside the class. Interaction takes place only by a defined
interface.
Polymorphism:
Identically-named methods used for different

classes respond according to an appropriate class-specific
behavior.
Inheritance: A new
class can inherit attributes and methods

from an existing class that can be extended by additional,
own attributes and methods.
Example for Object Orientation

Class Vehicle
Inheritance
Attributes:
Methods:
Class Car
Attributes: Manufacturer
No. of wheels
No. of seats
Methods:
Create
Show attributes
Used seats
Manufacturer
No. of wheels
Inheritance
Create
Show attribute
Class Motor Truck

Attributes:
Manufacturer
No. of wheels
Vehicle payload
Methods:
Create
Show attributes
Cargo capacity
Soure: Own illustration
Classification of methods and attributes
Private public
Private methods/attributes can be called/accessed only from the

class own methods (e.g. method braking shouldnt be called by
everyone)
Public methods/attributes can always be called/accessed (e.g. what
colour has your car?)
Instance static
Instance methods/attributes exist for each instance of a class (e.g.

method get colour, as each instance has its own colour)
Static methods/attributes exist only once for all instances (e.g. listing
of all instances of a class)
Declaration of a class
Classes can be created using ABAP Editor or Class

Builder
Separation of definition and implementation of a class
Definition includes the declaration of all components

of a class (e.g. methods, attributes..)
Implementation includes the coding for all methods of

a class
10
Definition of a class
CLASS <Class name> DEFINITION.

PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS:
<Method1>
IMPORTING <Import Parameter1> TYPE <Data type>
<Import Parameter2> TYPE <Data type>
CLASS-METHODS:
<Method2>
DATA:
<Variable1> TYPE <Data type>
CLASS-DATA:
<Variable2> TYPE <Data type>
PRIVATE SECTION.
METHODS:
CLASS-METHODS:
DATA:
CLASS-DATA:
ENDCLASS.
11
Implementation of a class
CLASS <Class name>

IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD <Method name>.

ABAP-Code
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
12
Calling methods and accessing attributes
Instance method:
[CALL METHOD] <Instance name>

-><Method>( <Import parameter> = Value ).
Class method:
[CALL METHOD] <Class name>

=><Method>( <Import parameter> = Value ).
Instance attributes:
<Instance name>-><Attribute>.
Static attributes:
<Class name>=><Attribute>.
13
Constructor
Explicitly or implicitly defined method constructor used for
creating new instances
Automatically called by CREATE OBJECT
In case of missing implementation simply a new instance is

created
In case of explicit implementation within the PUBLIC

SECTION additional steps can be executed when creating
new instances (e.g. setting of default values)
14
Example constructor
PUBLIC SECTION
METHODS: constructor IMPORTING
im_name type string
im_planetype type string.
CREATE OBJECT r_plane EXPORTING

im_name = Munich
im_planetype= 747.
15
BSP (Business Server Pages)
Web AS
BAPIs (Business Application Programming Interface)
BSP
MVC Architecture
Web AS
What is Web AS?
Web AS is a platform independent foundation for

writing applications for business.
17
Web AS
What is Web AS?
It provides two runtime environment for executing

custom business applications.
18
Web AS
What is Web AS?
Has toolkits and utilities to help develop scalable and

reliable business applications, with an emphasise on low
operating and upgrade costs.
It includes support for the ABAP language, the Java

language as show in the pervious slide.
In addition it includes the Web Dynpro environment.
19
Web AS
What is Web AS?
The web Dynpro environment is used for creating web

applications, user interfaces and web services.
(*note* the web Dynpro environment will be expanded upon
in more detail in a different set of slides. )
20
Web AS
How Web AS Works Incoming requests
You have incoming requests for data held by SAP R/3.

These requests can come in from BSP with HTML/ HTMLB
Web Dynpro, as well as web services, XML messages...
(*note* these are by no means all of the standards and

technologies that can request data from SAP using Web
AS)
21
Web AS
How Web AS Works
Once SAP Web AS accepts the information form a

request it passes the information on to a program written in
either ABAP or Java which runs inside SAP Web AS.
These Programs can employ the assistance of toolkits

found within SAP that support workflow, archival and other
common business functions.
22
Web AS
How Web AS Works
After accepting and processing the request Web AS

stores and retrieves the data requested from a database
using Open SQL.
23
Web AS
Where Web AS fits in to NetWeaver
The major benefit of Open SQL is support for the most

popular databases, resulting in code that be portable and
flexible.
SAP Web AS has components available for managing

the life cycle of an application from cradle to grave.
24
BAPI
Usage of BAPIs in BSPs I
Business Application Programming Interface = BAPI

BAPI represent an interface to the outside world
SAP systems offer a wide range of different BAPIs
BAPI calls are executed using RFC
Transaction BAPI shows all available BAPIs of the
current SAP system
Search for BAPIs using BAPI Browser, cross-system
access possible
Use of BAPIs with help of information available in the
BAPI Browser
25
BAPI
Usage of BAPIs in BSPs II
Browser
SAP System 2
EXPORTING
BAPI
RFC
BSP
IMPORTING
This example: Call of an external BAPI

Other possible examples: Call of an internal BAPI
26
BAPI
Using BAPI Browser I
Call BAPI Browser in transaction SE80

Menu item Goto BAPI Browser
27
BAPI
Using BAPI Browser II
BAPI Browser components:

Interface
definition
RFCConnection
Available
BAPIs for
RFCConnection
Call example
28
BAPI
Usage of BAPIs in BSPs III
Example scenario:
Call BAPI BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL

Show details of a certain user
BAPI offers broad functionality for query of user data
Use of BAPI in order to show the last changed on
date
29
BSP
Business Server Pages
Web extension for ABAP
Enables the use of ABAP and server-side JavaScript

within HTML pages created and hosted on a SAP System
Can be used for the realization of extensive portal

solutions
Availability of BSPs starting with SAP Web Application

Server 6.20
30
BSP
Maintenance and execution of BSPs
Maintenance by transaction SICF
Execution: http://<host>:<ABAP Port>/sap/bc/bsp/sap/

<Program name>\<Page name>.htm
E.g.:http://uccwdisp2.fit.qut.edu.au:1097/sap(bD1lbiZjPTE
wMA==)/bc/bsp/sap/ztzbsp3/default.htm
31
BSP
Example: Call BAPI in BSP Step 1
Step 1: Definition of variables
Temporary variables
data username type c.
data tmp_islocked type BAPISLOCKD.
data tmp_moddat type BAPIMODDAT.
Interface variables
data ISLOCKED type BAPISLOCKD.
data LASTMODIFIED type BAPIMODDAT.
32
BSP
Step 2: Definition CALL FUNCTION

CALL FUNCTION 'BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL'
DESTINATION 'G11clnt101
EXPORTING ..
IMPORTING ...
CALL FUNCTION refers to the BAPI name
DESTINATION refers to the RFC-connection
EXPORTING refers to input parameters of a BAPI
IMPORTING refers to output parameters of a BAPI
33
BSP
Step 3: Complete call within a BSP:

data: list type BAPIRET2 occurs 0 with header line.
EXPORTING
username
IMPORTING
lastmodified
TABLES
return
= 'master-adm'
= tmp_moddat.
= list
Query of the Last changed on date (lastmodified) of

user master-adm
Output is assigned to variable tmp_moddat
34
BSP
Example: Call BAPI in BSP Result
Result:
35
Complete source code:

<%@page language="abap" %>
<%@extension name="htmlb" prefix="htmlb" %>
<htmlb:content>
<htmlb:page title="Flugresultate" >
<table width="100%" height="100%" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2" border="0">
<tr class="sapTbvCellStd"> <td bgcolor="Whitesmoke" valign="top">
<h2> User details </h2>
<%
data: username type c.
data ISLOCKED type BAPISLOCKD.

data: list type BAPIRET2 occurs 0 with header line.
data lastmodified type bapimoddat.
data tmp_islocked type bapislockd.
data tmp_moddat type bapimoddat.
EXPORTING
USERNAME
= 'master-adm
TABLES
return
= list
IMPORTING
islocked
= tmp_islocked
lastmodified
= tmp_moddat.
%>
36
<tr>
<td bgcolor="Whitesmoke" valign="top"> Master-Adm last modified? </td>
<td bgcolor="Whitesmoke" valign="top"><%= tmp_moddat %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="Whitesmoke" valign="top"> Master-Adm locked? </td>
<td bgcolor="Whitesmoke" valign="top"><%= tmp_islocked %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</htmlb:page>
</htmlb:content>
37
BSP
HTMLB
Extension of HTML by SAP
HTML-Business
HTML-Business for Java
HTML-Business for ABAP
HTMLB is used e.g. for Enterprise Portal
38
BSP
Comparison HTML / HTMLB
HTML
<%@page language=abap %>
<html>
<head>
<title>My BSP</title>
<% data: vari type i. %>
</head>
<body>
<%--This is a comment --%>
<% vari = 5 %>
In assigend
this coding
followingvari:
value
is
to variable
<%= vari %>
<br>
Thats it.
</body>
</html>
HTMLB
<%@page language="abap" %>
<%@extension name="htmlb"
prefix="htmlb" %>
<htmlb:content design="design2003" >
<htmlb:page title=My BSP" >
<% data: vari type i. %>
<%--This is a comment --%>

<% vari = 5. %>
In this coding following value is
assigend to variable vari:
<%= vari. %>
<br>
Thats it using HTMLB.
</htmlb:page>
</htmlb:content>
39
BSP
HTMLB Statements
<%@extension name="htmlb" prefix="htmlb" %>
Naming of extension; in this case htmlb

<htmlb:content design="design2003" >
Begin of content-tags with explicit design definition

Standard designs: design2003, design2002 and classic
Design2003 can be used only for MS IE Version 5.5 or higher
<htmlb:page title="Meine BSP" >
Begin of page-tags with definition of title for BSP

Explicit <head> tag is not required any more
Explicit <body> tag is not required any more
</htmlb:page>
</htmlb:content>
Closing tags for page and content

40
BSP
HTMLB Text fields
Text fields:
<htmlb:textView text = Hi this is a textView design

=Emphasized />
Text fields include different attributes:

Text: The displayed text
Design: Different design types
Emphasized
Header 1-3 - Headlines
Reference italic Reference
Standard
etc.
41
BSP
HTMLB Forms, Input fields
Forms
<htmlb:form id = "myFormId" method = "post"

encodingType = "multipart/form-data" >
Equivalent of form in HTML
Input Fields
<htmlb:inputField id="IP1" />
Input field:
42
BSP
HTMLB Buttons, Events
Buttons
<htmlb:button id = "SaveChanges" onClick

=
"SubmitChange" text = "Submit Button" onClientClick =
"onInputProcessing(htmlbevent);" />
Button for sending forms
Important: onClientClick raises event, in this case:

onInputProcessing(htmlbevent)
Event is called onInputProcessing
Event_id is called: htmlbevent
43
BSP
HTMLB - Eventhandler
Events are defined in the Eventhandler!
44
BSP
HTMLB RadioButtons I
Radiobuttons
<htmlb:radioButtonGroup id = "myID" columnCount = "2" >
<htmlb:radioButton id = "RBGenderFemale" text =
"female" tooltip = "I am female" disabled = "false" />
<htmlb:radioButton id = "RBGenderMale" text = "male"
tooltip = "I am male (and this button is disabled)" disabled =
"true" />
</htmlb:radioButtonGroup>
RadioButtons always belong to a RadioButtonGroup
RadioButtonGroup with attributes
Id: Unique ID
columnCount: Number of columns
currentItem: Defines the active item
45
BSP
HTMLB RadioButtons II
<htmlb:radioButtonGroup id = "myID" columnCount = "2" >

<htmlb:radioButton id = "RBGenderFemale" text =
"female" tooltip = "I am female" disabled = "false" />
<htmlb:radioButton id = "RBGenderMale" text = "male"
tooltip = "I am male (and this button is disabled)" disabled =
"true" />
</htmlb:radioButtonGroup>
RadioButton with attributes
Id: Unique ID
Text: Text of RadioButtons
Tooltip: Text that is displayed as tooltip
Disabled: RadioButton cannot be selected
46
BSP
HTMLB - Layout
RadioButtons
Tree with treeNodes
TabStrips
TableView
47
BSP
Model View Controller
Up-to-now: Presentation logic and application logic both are

included in a BSP
Model View Controller: Separation between logical layers
SAP System
SAP System
Model
BSP
Controller
View
48
MVC Architecture
Model
Interface to the backend system
Enables data access for the Web Dynpro application
Controller
Controls
interaction between Model and View

One Web Dynpro application can include different controller
View
Responsible
for the data presentation

Each Web Dynpro application has at least one view
49
BSP
Model View Controller
Model
Consists of a class derived from CL_BSP_MODEL
Processing takes place in background
Controller
Handles Requests and forwards to Model
View
Calls Controller
Only responsible for
the visualization of data
SAP System
Model
Controller
View
50
BSP
Model View Controller - Example
No
direct call
HTTP-Request
SAP System
Controller
example_co.do
DO_REQUEST
Model
ZCL_BSP_MYMVCTEST
Attribute
NAME
View
view_test.htm
Application logic
51
BSP
Create Controller example_co.do
Derive own class ZCL_BSP_MYMVCTEST from

CL_BSP_CONTROLLER2
Redefine method DO_REQUEST
Define view view_test.htm
Define attribute NAME
Call Controller
52
BSP
53
Exercise 9
ABAP Objects and Business

Server Pages
54
Web Dynpro
Overview
Programming Web Dynpro
Web Dynpro
Overview
Objectives of Web Dynpros:
Model based UI development
Future proof UI declaration
Central implementation of UI standards
Support of major platforms (ABAP as of NW 7, JAVA as

of NW 2004)
56
Web Dynpro
Web Dynpro Component
Window
One or more views
Navigation links
View
UI elements
Plugs enable navigation between
views
View Controller
Processing user input
Access context data
Component Controller
Visible for all component controllers
Interface Controller
Visible for all component controllers
Also visible outside the component
Web-Dynpro-Component
Component
Contoller
Context
Events
Methods
Interface
Contoller
Context
Events
Methods
Window
View
Contoller
Events
Methods
View
Context
Plugs
UI Elements Actions
View Container
Source:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/en/7c/3545415ea6f5
23e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
57
Web Dynpro
Web Dynpro View
View Designer
UI Element Category
Smallest visible unit of a Web

Dynpro application
Include different UI elements,
like tables, textfields, or input fields
View Designer enables drag &
drop of UI elements
UI Element Hierarchy determines
order and nesting of UI elements
UI Element properties and
actions are listed in the properties
table
Layout
Element 1
Element 2
Element 2a
UI Element Hierarchy
ROOT UI ELEMENT
CONTAINER
Element 1
Element 2
Element 2a
Element 2b
Element 2b
Properties:
Element 2a
Source:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/en/7c/3545415
ea6f523e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
58
Web Dynpro
View Context and Data Binding
View context structures and stores application data of a view

Hierarchical data structure, using CONTEXT as root node
Context attributes include name and data type of attribute
UI properties are linked to context elements by data binding
Data binding of a UI element property is set up in the view
layout
Data transfer between views is realized by the global context
View 1
View Layout
View Context
CONTEXT
Input 1
Input 2
Context
CONTEXT
View 2
View Context
CONTEXT
Table SPLFI
Table
SPLFI
Carrid
Connid
Cityfrom
Carrid
Connid
CITYFROM
Table SFLIGHT
View Layout
C1 c2
c3
Table
SPLFI
Carrid
Connid
Cityfrom
59
Web Dynpro
View Controller - Event Handler
UI elements (e.g. Button) can contain actions
Actions are triggered by user activities (e.g. click

on Button)
Actions are processes by the event handler of the

view controller
Each action is linked to exactly one event handler

method
Event handler methods have the prefix

ONACTION followed by the action name defined
within an UI element
60
Web Dynpro
Each Web Dynpro component contains exactly one

component controller
Contains context, events, and methods
Visible for all views of a component
Context mapping = Link between view context node and
component controller context node
View Controller 1
View Controller 2
61
Web Dynpro
Controller Methods
Method
Description
Availability
WDDOEXIT
Cleanup method of the controller
All controllers
WDDOINIT
Initialization method of the controller,

runs the first time the controller is
called
All controllers
WDDOBEFOREACTION
Implement own validations before an

action is triggered
View controller
WDDOAFTERACTION
Called for all visible views at the time

an action is executed
View controller
WDDOBEFORENAVIGA
TION
Error handling before the navigation

through the application
Component
controller
WDDOPOSTPROCESSI
NG
Handling of errors that occurred

during the context validation
Component
controller
WDDOMODIFYVIEW
Method for modifying the view before

rendering
View controller
62
Web Dynpro
User input
Data Container
Data is accessible
only at runtime
my name
Client
Validation
of user input
assigned
Controller Context
WDDOBERFOREACTION
Error message
Event handling
validation Indep.
handlers
standard
handlers
WDDOAFTERACTION
WDDOBEFORENAVIGATION
Navigation and View initialization
View modifying WDDOMODIFYVIEW
WDDOPOSTPROCESSING
Rendering
if validation failed
Source:
http://help.sap.com/erp2005_ehp_04/helpdata/EN/d2/8acd409cc4dd50e100
00000a1550b0/frameset.htm
Controller Methods
63
Web Dynpro
Controller Attributes
WD_CONTEXT
Reference to the root node of the context of the
controller
Used to edit the content of a context node in a
controller method
WD_THIS
Reference to the local controller interface
Used to access methods and attributes of the local
controller interfaces
64
Web Dynpro
Web Dynpro Window
Web Dynpro component includes at least one

window
Navigation between views can be set up in the
window
To set up navigation between two views, you must
create an inbound plug for one view and an outbound
plug for the other view.
Window
View
SELECT_DATA
View
DISPLAY_DATA
Outbound
Plug
Navigation Link
Inbound
Plug
65
Web Dynpro
Exercise: Flight data application
Window
View MAIN
View ADD_INFO
Context
Controller Methods
oBAPI_FLIGHT_GETLIST
-- IMPORTING
Airline
-- CHANGING
Flight_List
Additional_Info
o EXECUTE_BAPI_FLIGHT_GETLIST
o GET_ADD_INFO (Supply Function)
66
Exercise 10
Web Dynpro
67
Thank you
Contact information:
Taizan Chan
t.chan@qut.edu.au

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ABAP and Netweaver

BSP (Business Server Pages)

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Introduction ABAP Objects

Object-oriented enhancement of ABAP

Stepwise conversion of existing ABAP source code

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Principles of Object Orientation I

Classes are the definition of an object including

Objects are instances of classes

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Use of classes and methods

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Principles of Object Orientation II

The implementation of a class is invisible

Identically-named methods used for different

class can inherit attributes and methods

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Example for Object Orientation

Class Motor Truck

Soure: Own illustration

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Classification of methods and attributes

Private methods/attributes can be called/accessed only from the

Instance methods/attributes exist for each instance of a class (e.g.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Classes can be created using ABAP Editor or Class

Separation of definition and implementation of a class

Definition includes the declaration of all components

Implementation includes the coding for all methods of

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

CLASS <Class name> DEFINITION.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

CLASS <Class name>

METHOD <Method name>.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Calling methods and accessing attributes

[CALL METHOD] <Instance name>

[CALL METHOD] <Class name>

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Automatically called by CREATE OBJECT

In case of missing implementation simply a new instance is

In case of explicit implementation within the PUBLIC

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

CREATE OBJECT r_plane EXPORTING

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

BSP (Business Server Pages)

BAPIs (Business Application Programming Interface)

Web AS is a platform independent foundation for

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

It provides two runtime environment for executing

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Has toolkits and utilities to help develop scalable and

It includes support for the ABAP language, the Java

In addition it includes the Web Dynpro environment.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The web Dynpro environment is used for creating web

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

You have incoming requests for data held by SAP R/3.

(*note* these are by no means all of the standards and

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Once SAP Web AS accepts the information form a

These Programs can employ the assistance of toolkits

(note these are by no means all of the standards and