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Animal Tissues and

Organ Systems

Stem Cell Research

Stem cells remarkable potential
internal repair system

Important for the maintenance and

repair of bodily tissues and organs.

Tissues to Organs
Tissue - interacting cells
- extracellular
- one or more specialized tasks.
Four types of tissues:
Epithelial Tissues
Connective Tissues
Muscle Tissues
Nervous Tissues

Tissues to Organs
Organs - structural unit of two or more tissues
- specific organization
- specialized functions
Organ systems two or more organs
physical and chemical
interaction

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Cell Junctions

Epithelial Tissues
Epithelial tissues covers outer body surfaces
- lining of the internal cavity
Classified according to SHAPE:
1.Squamous
2.Cuboidal
3.Columnar
Classified according to NUMBER OF LAYERS:
1.Simple epithelium
2.Stratified epithelium

Epithelial Tissues

Glandular Epithelium
Glands only present in epithelial tissues
- produce and secrete substances onto the skin,
into a body cavity or interstitial fluid
Two types:
1.Exocrine glands
2.Endocrine glands

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Connective Tissues

Connective Tissues

Connective tissues connects body parts

- structural and functional support
- extracellular matrix ( own secretions)
Classified by cell type and extracellular matrix composition.
Two types of soft connective tissues:
1.Loose
2.Dense

Loose Connective Tissues

Dense Regular Connective Tissues

Collagen fibers

Fibroblast nuclei

Fibroblast nuclei
Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

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Dense Irregular Connective Tissues

Fibroblast nuclei
Collagen fibers

Specialized Connective Tissues

Types of specialized connective tissues:
1. Cartilage tissues
2. Adipose tissues
3. Bone tissues
4. Blood tissues

Cartilage

Adipose

Perichondrium

Hyaline matrix
Adipocytes
Nucleus of
adipose
cells

Chondrocytes

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Bone

Blood

Haversian
canal

osteocytes

Canaliculus

Muscle Tissues

Types of Muscle Tissues

Muscle tissues made of cells that can contract.

Three types of muscle tissues:
1.Skeletal muscle
2.Cardiac muscle
3.Smooth muscle

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Vertebrates
Humans is a member of the Phylum Chordata (called
chordates).
All chordates have a structure called a notochord.
A notochord is a flexible, rod-shaped structure found
in the embryos of all chordates.

Vertebrates
All vertebrates have an internal skeleton for
support, protection, and a place for
muscles to be attached.
The bones and muscles of vertebrates work
together to provide a structural framework
for movement.

Vertebrates
All vertebrates have a
backbone and a skull.
The backbone is a
segmented column of
interlocking bones called
vertebrae.

Vertebrates
All vertebrates have a
body cavity that holds the
organ systems.
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity

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Vertebrate Organ Systems

Vertebrate Organ Systems

Nervous Tissues receives and transmits impulses

- consist of neuron (signalling cells)
Add nervous tissue picture