Som Prob Set

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.
Strength Of Materials
CHAPTER 1
MOMENT OF INERTIA
For the plane lamina shown,
a. Find M.I. about X and Y axis and
b. Find M.I. about centroidal axes.
c. Radius of gyration w.r.t centroidal axes.
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Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

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CHAPTER 2
STRESS AND STRAIN

TYPE I: INTRODUCTION
1. A steel rod of 25 mm diameter and 3.5 m long is subjected to an axial pull of 22 kN. Determine (i) stress
(ii) strain (iii) elongation of rod. Take E = 2l05 N/mm2.
2. A short hollow circular steel column having wall thickness 8 mm has to carry a compressive load of 100
kN. Determine the outside diameter if the ultimate stress for steel is 220 N/mm 2. Use factor of safety of 4.
Also determine the deformation of the column if the length of column is 2 m and E = 2.1105 N/mm2.
TYPE II: PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

3. A brass bar having a cross-sectional area of 1000 mm 2 is subjected to axial forces. Find the total change
in length of the bar. Take E = 1.05 l05 N/mm2
TYPE III: BARS OF VARYING CROSS-SECTION

4. A member ABCD is subjected to loads as shown in Fig.(a). Find the total change in length of member.
Take E = 2 l05 N/mm2
5. A member ABCDE of varying circular cross-section is subjected to axial loads at different locations as
shown. Determine a) the force P for the equilibrium of the members b) the total change in the length of
the member. Take E = 2105 N/mm2.
6. Fig. shows a steel bar of varying cross section subjected to equivalent external loads P 1, P2, P3 and P4.
Determine P3 which will produce equilibrium and hence determine the total elongation of AD. Take E S =

2.1 105MPa, P1 = 45 kN, P2 = 450 kN and P4 = 130 kN.
7. A steel bar 50 mm diameter and 640 mm long has an axial hole 30 mm diameter drilled from one end
along the length. The length of the hole is such that the extension of the hollow part of the bar is equal to
the extension of solid part when axially loaded by tensile forces. Calculate the length of the hole. E = 210
GN/m2.
8. A stepped round bar ABCD is fixed to a unyielding supports at section A and section D as shown in
Figure. It is subjected to an axial loads at section B and C. Determine stresses in each portion of bar and
deflections of sections B and C. Take E = 200 GN/m2
9. Determine support reactions when member ABC is axially loaded by a 7 kN load at B as shown. E = 2 10
MPa.
10. The bar shown in Fig. is subjected to a tensile load of 152 kN. Find the diameter of middle portion if the
stress there, is to be limited to 140 N/mm 2. Find also the length of middle portion if total elongation of bar is to
be 0.16 mm. Take E = 2 105 N/mm2.
TYPE IV:DEFORMATION OF TAPERING MEMBERS

(A) Deformation of Uniformly Tapering Circular Section Bar
11. A steel rod circular in c/s tapers uniformly from 20 mm diameter at one end to 5 mm at the other in a length
of 750 mm. How much will it stretch under an axial pull of5kN.Take E=2 105 N/mm2.
(B) Deformation of Uniformly Tapering Rectangular Section Bar


12. A straight bar of steel is 3 m long and has a rectangular section which varies uniformly from 100 mm12
mm at one end to 25 mm 12 mm at the other. What change will occur to its length when subjected to an axial
load of 25 kN. Take E 2I05 N/mm2.
13. A steel flat tapers uniformly from 10 cm width at one end to 30 cm width at the other end in length of 100
cm. The thickness of the flat is 1 cm and is uniform throughout. Find the tensile force applied at the end which
can elongate it by 0.01 cm. Take E = 2 l04 kN/cm2.
TYPE V:DEFORMATION DUE TO SELF WEIGHT

14. A steel wire ABC 16 m long having cross sectional area of d4 mm 2 is shown in the figure. The wire weighs
20 N. If the modulus of elasticity for wire material is 200 GPa. Find the deflection at C and B.
TYPE VI: BARS OF COMPOSITE SECTION

15. A copper rod 36 mm diameter is encased and rigidly attached at the ends of steel tube which is 50 mm
external diameter, thickness of metal being 5 mm. The composite section is then subjected to an axial pull of
100 kN. Find the stresses induced in each metal and the extension on the length of 1.5 m. E S= 2 105 N/mm2,
EC = 1.1 105 N/mm2.
16.A concrete column 30 cm x 50 cm in cross section is reinforced with 6 bars of steel 22 mm in diameter. If the
permissible stress in steel and concrete are not to exceed 13 kN/cm 2 and 600 N/cm respectively. ES = 2 105
N/mm2 and EC = 1104 N/mm2. Find the maximum load the column can carry. If the length of column is 4.5 m,
what will be the change in the length?
17. A 50 mm diameter steel rod is surrounded by a brass tube of 60 mm outer diameter and 5 mm thickness
having 200 mm length. The length of the steel rod is 0.4 mm shorter than that of brass tube as shown in the Fig.
and the assembly is subjected to an axial thrust of 200 kN. Estimate load carried by rod and tube. Also find the
changes in the lengths. Take E for brass = 100 GPa

18. A rigid massless bar AB is supported by two flexible wires AC and BD as shown in Fig. so that the bar is
horizontal in the unloaded state. A load of 20 kN is to be placed at such a point so that extension of each wire is
same (i.e. AB remains horizontal). Calculate the position of load and force in each wire.TakeE AC = 2.1 105
N/mm2, AAC = 50 mm2, LAC = 2000 mm, EBD = 1105 N/mm2, ABD = 75 mm , LBD = 5000 mm. Take distance
between wires as 300 mm.
19. A rigid massless rod ABC is supported by two rods as shown. Determine a) the tensile stress in both the
rods. b) the hinge reaction at A.
20. Find the value of P. stress insteel and copper wires if the rigid beam ADrotates clockwise causing a
deflection of3 mm at D.ES = 2 105MPa, EC = 1 105MPa.
21. A rigid bar with negligible mass is pinned at O and attached to two vertical rods. What maximum load P can
be applied without exceeding stresses of 150 MPa in the steel rod and 70 MPa in the bronze rod.
TYPE VII:SHEAR STRESS

22. Three holes of diameter 30 mm, 25 mm and 25 mm are punched Into a rectangular plate of size 200 mm x

400 mm x 28 mm such that their centres are at A, B and C as shown. Finda) The minimum punching force PA,
PB and Pc required to be supplied to the punching device for the holes at A, B and C respectively.b) The
maximum allowable tensile load F that can be applied to theplate safely.Take Ultimate shear stress = 400
MPaYield stress = 230 MPaFactor of safety = 2
TYPE VIII: TEMPERATURE STRESSES

23. A steel rod is 2 m long at 20 0 C. What is its free expansion when it is heated to80 C. If the expansion is
fully prevented, what is the stress developed.E = 2.2 105 N/mm2,
= 12 10-6 /C
24. A rod of steel 16.5 m in length is at a temperature of 27 C. Find (a) the free expansion and corresponding
stress when It is subjected to a rise in temperature and raised to 110 0 C. (b) stress if no expansion is allowed (c)
stress when the expansion of 7 mm is allowed. Take
= 12 10-6 /C , E = 220 GN/m2
25. A mild steel bar 20 mm diameter and 300 mm long is encased in a brass tube whose external diameter is 30
mm and internal diameter is 25 mm. The ends of the two materials are rigidly connected together. The
composite bar is heated through 60 C. Calculate the change in length and stress induced in each metal. S=
11.2 10-6/C, b= 16.5x 10-6/C,ES = 2 105 N/mm2, Eb = 1 105 N/mm2
26. A composite bar is made by tightly fitting copper rod inside a steel tube. Thec/s area of the copper rod and
steel tube is same and both materials are same inlength. This composite bar when heated through a temperature
of 3000 C was found toelongate by 1.6 mm. Determine the original length of the bar if E s = 2 105 N/mm2,EC =
1 105 N/mm2, S =12 10-6/C, c= 18 10-6 /0C.
27. At 200 C a 0.5 mm gapexists between the ends of rods asshown. Taking for aluminumE = 70 GPa, AL =
2310-6 /0C, AAL = 2000 mm2 and for steel Es = 190 GPa, S= 18 10/C, As = 800 mm2. When the temperature
reaches 140 C determinea) Normal stress in aluminumb) Exact length of aluminum rod
28. A steam pipe line measured 20 m at a temperature of 20 C. The steam pipe carries super heated steam at a
temperature of 300 C. If 80 % of the possible expansion is prevented from taking place, find the stress induced
in the material of thepipe having E = 210 kN/mm2, = 11.2 10-6 /C
29. A bar made up ofaluminum and steel is fixed between two supports as shown. If the temperature rises by
200 C. find the stresses in the two materials if the supports yield by 0.1 mm:Take E s = 2.1 105 N/mm2, EAL = 2
105 N/mm2.Coefficient of thermal expansion for steel= 12 10-6/C and for aluminum = 23 10-6/C

30. An air cooler consists of 200 straight copper tubes each 20 mm outside diameter and 18 mm inside diameter
and 1.2 m long between two rigid plates. When in use the temperature of the tube rises by 80 C. Due to fault
the tubes are able to expand not more than 1 mm lengthwise. Calculate the total force exerted by the tubeson the
side plates.c= 1.7 10-6 /0C.Ec = 90 GN/m2
31. A tapering circular rod is held between two rigid supports. Determine the maximum and minimum stress
developed in the rod when the temperature is raised through 60 C. E =2 105 N/mm2, = 12 10-6 /C
TYPE IX:RELATION BETWEEN ELASTIC CONSTANTS, VOLUMETRIC

STRAIN, VOLUMETRIC STRAIN FOR TRI-AXIAL LOADING
32. A steel bar 1000 mm 25 mm10 mm carries an axial tensile load of 10 kN. Find change in length, breadth
and depth of the bar. Also find change in volume of the bar. TakeE=2 105N/mm2,m=3.1
33. In an experiment a bar of 30 mm diameter is subjected to a pull of 60 kN. Themeasured extension of the
gauge length of 200 mm is 0.09 mm and the change indiameter is 0.0039 mm. Calculate the Poissons ratio and
the values of the threemoduli.
34. In a tensile test on a mild steel tube of external diameter 20 mm and internal diameter 10 mm produced an
elongation of 5 10-3 mm over a gauge length of 80 mm under a tensile load of 3000 N. The outer diameter
suffered a compression of4 l0-4 mm. Calculate the value of the Poissons ratio, Youngs Modulus of
Elasticity,Modulus of Rigidity and Bulk Modulus.
35. A cast iron pillar 200 mm 200 mm square c/s carries an axial compressiveload of 2400 kN. Taking E =
120 103 N/mm2 and Poissons ratio of 0.25, find thechange in the area of c/s of the pillar.
36. A cement concrete block is tested in a compression testing machine by applying load P. It was observed that
height AC decreased by 0.275 mm and side AB increased by 0.025 mm. If E = 13 GPa, determine 1) Poissons
ratio2) value of P 3) volumetric strain of the block.
37. A rectangular block is loaded as shown. Find the change in dimensions andalso the change in volume.Take
E = 2l05MPaPoissons ratio = 0.25Given: AB = 300 mm BC= 150 mmBE = 100 mm

38. Find the axial forces Px and Py, acting on a bar 200 mm100 mm 50 mm (x, y, z) causing the increase in x
direction by 0. 15 mm and z direction by 0.00625 mm. Find also the decrease in dimension in y direction.Take
E = 1.2 105 N/mm2 and = 0.25. No load acts in y direction.

CHAPTER3
SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS IN

BEAMS
TYPE I: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
Draw A.F.D.(wherever possible), S.F.D. and B.M.D. for the beams shown.
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TYPE II: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS WITH OVERHANG

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RA=RB ; W=? DRAW S.F.D. &B.M.D.

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TYPE III: CANTILEVER BEAMS

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TYPE IV: BEAMS WITH INTERNAL HINGES

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27
30
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TYPE V: REVERSE TYPE

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34. Figure shows shear force diagram for a beam which rests on two supports, one being at the left hand
end. The loads are in kN and distances are in metres. Deduce directly from the shear force diagram
(a) Loading on the beam (b) bending moments at 2 m intervals along the beam (ci position of the second
support (d) Bending moment diagram (e) Indicate maximum value of bending moment (f) indicate point
of contra flexure if any.
35.The S.F. diagram of a beam is shown in figure. Draw load and bending moment diagram. Take
= 2 m, BC= CD = DE = 1 m.
AB
36.. Draw the load diagram and B.M.D for the beam, the S.F.D for which is shown in figure. The moment
at the ends of the beam is zero.
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CHAPTER 4
BENDING STRESSES IN BEAMS

TYPE 1: TO DETERMINE STRESS WHEN M OR LOADING DIAGRAM
&SECTION DETAIL ARE GIVEN
1. A cast iron beam is of T section as shown in figure, which is simply supported on a span of 8m and
subjected to uniformly distributed load of 1200 N/m over entire span. Sketch bending stress distribution
diagram at mid span section, showing the maximum values and compressive stresses. Also find the total
tensile force produced at the section
2. A simply supported beam AB, carries a triangular loading as shown in figure. Determine for the entire beam the
maximum tensile normal stress resulting form the loading. State the location of the stress. Cross section of the
beam is 150 mm wide and 300 mm deep
3.Find maximum bending stress at location C and D on the beam AB shown in Fig (a) and (b). Note that
cross section of the beam is in the form of inverted T.
4. The cross section of a beam in Fig is subjected to a hogging bending moment of 400 N.m. Determine the
bending stress induced along the fibers a-a, b-b and c-c. Draw a sketch showing the variation of bending
stress in the section
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5. For the loaded beam shown in Fig.(a) draw bending stress variation for section at A and section at B.
Fig. (b) shows the cross section of the beam
6. A symmetrical I-section with flanges each (300 mm x 20 mm) and web (560 mm 12 mm) with overall
depth of section as 600 mm is subjected to sagging bending moment M. Calculate the percentage bending
moment resisted by two flanges
7.Two 50 mm 150 mm rectangular timber sections are glued together to form T section. If a sagging
bending moment of 5.1 kN.m is applied to this beam about x-x axis find
i. Stresses developed at the extreme fibers,
ii.
Compressive force developed by the normal stress above the N.A.
iii. Tensile force developed due to bending stress
TYPE 2: TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM BM OR LOADING WHEN

MAX.TENSILE/COMPRESSIVE STRESS & SECTION DETAILS ARE
KNOWN
8. A beam of I-section with dimensions shown in Fig is simply supported over a span of 4m with an
overhang of 1 m on either side of the supports. It carries load W each at its ends and load 2W at the
centre. Calculate maximum value of W, if allowable bending stresses are 35 N/mm in tension and 45
N/mm in compression. Find also the radius of curvature at midspan load W. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2.
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9. Determine the bending moment capacity around the horizontal axis for the cross sectional area with
the dimension shown in figure. The allowable stress is 165 MPa
10. A T beam of span 5m has a flange 12.5 mm 125 mm and web 187.5 mm x 8 mm. If the maximum
permissible stress is 150 MPa find the maximum UDL the beam can carry.Also calculate force resisted by
flange.
11. A beam of I section, of moment of inertia 9540000 mm4 and depth 140 mm, is freely supported at its
ends. Over what span can a uniform load of 5000 N/m be carried if max-bending stress is 60 N/mm?
What additional central load can be carried when the max-bending stress is allowed to reach 100 N/mm 2?
centre. Calculate maximum value of W, if allowable bending stresses are 35 N/mm 2 in tension and 45
N/mm2 in compression. Find also the radius of curvature at midspan load W. Take E = 2 105 N/mm2
13. A cast iron beam section is of I section with top flange 80 mm 20 mm thick, bottom flange 160 mm
40 mm thick and the web 200 mm deep and 20 mm thick. The beam is simply supported on a span of 5
meters. If the tensile stress is not to exceed 20 N/mm 2 , find the safe uniformly distributed load which the
beam can carry. Find also the maximum compressive stress.
TYPE 3: TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM BM OR LOADING WHEN BOTH

MAX. TENSILE & COMPRESSIVE STRESS & SECTION DETAILS
ARE KNOWN
centre. Calculate maximum value of W, if allowable bending stresses are 35 N/mm in tension and 45
N/mm in compression. Find also the radius of curvature at midspan load W. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2
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15. A beam ABC is loaded as shown in figure. The cross section of the beam is T-shaped with dimensions
as shown. Calculate maximum value of the load P that can be applied safely if the allowable stresses in
the material of the beam are 40 MPain tension and 70 MPa in compression
16.The cross section of a beam is shown in Fig. The beam resists bending moment about horizontal
neutral axis. The permissible stresses in tension and compression are 20 N/mm and 80 N/mm 2
respectively. Calculate the moment of resistance of the section for (i) Sagging i.e. positive bending
moment (ii) Hogging i.e. negative bending moment
17.. A beam ABC has hinge support at A and roller support at C. It has to carry a point load W acting
vertically upward or downward at B; The length AB = 2.1 m and BC = 0.9m. The cross-section of the
beam is a T section having following dimensions.
Top flange : 100 mm wide and 20 mm thick
Overall depth : 225 mm.
Thickness of web : 20mm
Determine the safe largest values of W (upward) as well as W (downward), if the permissible bending
stresses in tension and compression are 160 N/mm and 140 N/mm respectively.
{Ans: 1stW = 20.59 kN; 2nd W = 18.01 kN}
TYPE 4: TO DETERMINE MISSING DIMENSIONS OF SECTION

IF C : TRATIO GIVEN
18.A beam is subjected to sagging bending M. Beam is of T section as shown in Fig. Determine the
thickness of the flange and the web if the flange is 2 times as thick as web and maximum tensile stress is 2
times the maximum compressive stress
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19. A beam having a cross section in the form of unsymmetrical I-section shown in Fig is subjected to
bending moment about the horizontal axis of the cross section. Determine the width 'b' of the top flange
in order that the stresses at the top and bottom will be in the ratio of 4:3 respectively.
20. An I-section of the beam consists of upper flange (b mm x 20 mm) , lower flange 200 mm x 20 mm and
web 20 mm x 260 mm. The ratio of maximum compressive stress to tensile stress induced is 4 to 3,
determine the dimension b assuming that section is subjected to sagging moment
TYPE 5: TO DETERMINE FORCE & RESISTANCE ON PARTIAL

AREA OF C/S
21. A beam section 100 mm x 200 mm is subjected to a sagging moment producing maximum bending
stress of 8 N/mm2. Find
i. The total force on the area shaded,
ii.
Moment of this force about N.A.

80150 mm
22. A beam having solid rectangular cross section with dimensions shown in Fig is subjected to a sagging
B.M. of 80 Kn.m acting about the horizontal axis.
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Find
i.
ii.
Compressive force and its moment about N.A. acting on the shaded area of cross section.
The tensile force and its moment about N.A. acting on the hatched area of the section.
23. A beam, having a solid rectangular section 120 mm wide and 180 mm deep, is simply supported over a
span of 4 m and loaded by uniformly distributed load of 8 kN/m over the entire span. Find the maximum
tensile stress developed. Sketch the bending stress distribution across the section. Find also the tensile
force acting on the shaded area abed of the section at mid span. Refer Fig.
TYPE 6: FLITCHED BEAMS

24. A timber beam of size (150 mm 300 mm) is strengthened by 6 mm steel plates shown in Fig. How
much uniformly distributed load can this beam carry if it is used as a simply supported beam over a span
of 6 m.
Take Es/Et = 20, t = 8 N/mm2, s = 150 N/mm2.
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25. A flitched beam consists of wooden beam 300 mm wide 600 mm deep. It is strengthened by two
plates 10 mm 400 mm placed on either side as shown if figure. If stresses in steel and wood are not to
exceed 7 N/mm2 and 120 N/mm2, find the moment of resistance of the beam. Take Es/Ew = 20
26. A wooden beam 250 mm x 150 mm has a steel strap 10 mm x 150 mm fixed at the bottom. The beam is
subjected to bending moment of 3 kN.m around horizontal axis. Determine the stresses in steel and wood.
Take Es = 200 GPa, Ew = 100 GPa
28. A flitched beam consists of timber joists 100 mm wide and 300 mm deep with a steel plate 15 mm
thick and 200 mm deep placed symmetrically and bolted with timber. If allowable stress in timber is 7.5
MPa, calculate the total moment of resistance of composite section assuming Es = 20Ew.
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29. Using the transformed sections, determine the maximum bending stresses in each of the two materials
for the composite beam section shown in Fig when subjected to sagging bending moment of 80 kN.m.
Take EAl = 70 GPa and Esteel=210 GPa.
30. A steel plate (80 mm 20 mm) is embedded within two timber pieces as shown in Fig. Calculate the
moment of resistance of composite beam if allowable stresses in timber and steel are 7 N/mm and 112
N/mm2. Take ES = 20 ET.
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CHAPTER 5
DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES

1. A short column 200 mm 100 mm is subjected to an eccentric load of 60 kN at an eccentricity of 40
mm in the plane bisecting the 100 mm side. Find maximum and minimum intensities of stresses at the
base.
2. A diamond shaped pier with diagonals 3 m and 6 m is subjected to eccentric load of 1500 kN at a
distance of 1 m from centroid and on the longer diagonal. Calculate maximum stress induced in the
section.
3. A cast iron hollow cylinder column section has external diameter of 250 mm and internal diameter of
200 mm. It is subjected to a vertical force of 20 kN at a distance 400 mm from the vertical axis of the
column. Calculate maximum and minimum stresses at the base of the column and draw stress diagram
indicating these values.
4. A beam with rectangular cross section of dimensions 150 mm
175 mm is loaded as shown in Fig..
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses acting normal to the section through the beam.
COMPOUND SECTION
5. The section shown in Fig. is subjected to a compressive load of 600 kN acting at the load point L. Find
the maximum and minimum stress intensities across the section.
6. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the weakest section of a flat bar 150mm wide and
20 mm thick carrying axial load of 150 kN if it is punched at a distance of 50 mm from axis of the bar
with 20 mm wide hole.
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7. A tile member has a square cross section 60

member a rectangular piece 60
60
60 mm. It carries an axial force of 60 kN. From the
20 mm is removed as shown in Fig. Find stresses across section
AB and CD.
8.A T column of cross section shown in Fig. is subjected to compressive load of100 kN, acting at point C as
shown. Find the stresses produced at A and C. [Jan. 2001]
Type 2: Eccentricity with Respect to Both Axis

9. A square column of size 400mm
400mm is subjected to axial load of 400 kN. In addition to this a load
of 40 kN acts at an eccentricity of 20 mm about both axes XX and YY. Find thestresses at all the four corners.
10. A short vertical column is of rectangular section 40 cm 30 cm. It carries a compressive load of 80 kN at
a point 5 cm away from the section on a diagonal as shown in Fig.. Calculate the stresses at the four corners of
the column in plan.
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11. Calculate the normal stresses at four outside corners of horizontal section of a short hollow pier ABCD, 2.5
m square outside, and 1.5 m square inside, supporting a vertical load of 140 kN near A on the diagonal AC at a
distance of 0.6 m from diagonal BD. Neglect the selfweight of the pier.
12. The cross-section of a concrete pier is shown in Fig.. It is subjected to five compressive loads:P 1 = 150 kN,
P2 = 100 kN, P3 = 200 kN, P4 = 250 kN, P5 = 100 kN acting asshown. Find stress at each of the points, A, B, C,
D and O
.
13. A rolled steel I-section with top and bottomflanges 200 mm 20 mm and web 15 mm wide and 250mm
deep is used as a short column to carry a load of 1000 kN. The load line is eccentric 50 mm above x-x and 30 m
to the left of y-y. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensity induced in the section.
Type 3: Chimneys subjected to wind pressure.

14. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base of uniform circular chimney having external
and internal diameters of 5 m and 3 m. The height of chimney is 25 m and is subjected to wind pressure 1.5
kN/m3. The density of masonry may be taken as 21 kN/m2.
15. A square masonry chimney is 3 m
3 m (outside) and 0.75 m thick and 20 m high. A wind pressure is
acting on it at an intensity of 1.2 kN/m2. If the weight of masonry is 18 kN/m3, findthe stresses at the base of
chimney.
Type 4: No Tension In the Section or Core of Section or Kernel of

Section
16. For the section shown in Fig. calculate the area of core of the section.
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17. A short column of external diameter 400 mm and internal diameter 200 mm carries an eccentric load of 80
kN. Find the greatest eccentricity which the load can have without producing tension on the cross section.
18. The cross section of a short column is of the shape of an arrow. Find the position of the vertical force on the
line of symmetry of section so that at A stress is just zero.
19. Make the core of the section and calculate the area of the core section, for I-section. Take flange and web
thickness as 10 mm, width of flanges 100 mm, depth of web 130 mm withoverall depth 150 mm.
209. A square column 300 mm
300 mm carries an axial load of 200 kN. Find the position of 30 kN load
along the axis bisecting the width of cross section so that end stresses developed at the other extreme of the
column will be zero.
21. A simply supported beam of span 6 m carries uniformly distributed load of intensity 20 kNfm throughout.
The beam has a rectangular cross-section as shown in Fig. Find the eccentricity e of the load P = 500 kN, so
that the stress at mid-span of the beam cross- section is wholly compressive.
22. A short hollow column of circular section 300 mm outside diameter and 200 mm inside diameter is
subjected to an axial compressive load of 450 kN. It also carries a compressive load W with an eccentricity of
175 mm. Calculate the maximum value of W if there should not be tensile stress in the column. What then is the
maximum compressive stress?
23. A circular chimney having external diameter three times internal diameter and 8 m height is subjected to
wind pressure 1.5kN/m2. Weight of masonry is 20 kN/m 3. Calculate the external and internal diameter, so that
no tension will develop in the masonry. Sketch the stress distribution. Coefficient of Wind resistance is 0.6.
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24. A 20 m high chimney is 2 m square at base and tapers to 1 m square at top. The tapered central flue is 1 m
diameter at base. If the total weight of brick masonry above the base is 1300 kN, find for what uniform intensity
of wind pressure on one face of the chimney the stress distribution across the base just ceases to be wholly
compressive.
25. (i) Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base of uniform circular chimney having
external diameter 2000 mm and internal diameter 1600 mm. The heightof steel chimney is 25 m and is
subjected to a wind pressure of 1.5 kN/m2. The density of steel may be taken as 78.5 kN/m3.(ii) Find the
maximum height of the chimney in (i) above so that tensile stresses are not developed at the bottom. Take same
pressure, material density and diameters as mentioned in (i).
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CHAPTER6
SHEAR STRESSES IN BEAMS

1. Consider a simply supported beam of length 3 m and cross-section 100 mm x 200 mm carrying a
uniform load of 4 kN/m. Neglecting the weight of the beam, find
a.
The maximum bending stress in the beam.
b. The maximum shearing stress in the beam.

c.
The shearing stress at a point 1m to the right of the left support and 25 mm below the top surface
of the beam.
[Ans: 6.75 N/mm2, 0.45 N/mm2, 13.125 N/mm2]

2. A timber beam of rectangular section 200 mm wide and 400 mm deep supports a point load 'W as
shown in the Fig. If the safe stresses are 30 N/mm 2 in bending and 4 N/mm in shear, calculate the
maximum permissible value of the load W, which can be supported by the beam.
[Ans: 240 kN]

3. An unequal angle 150 mm x 75 mm, thickness of metal 8 mm, with the longer leg vertical is used as a
beam and carries a load of 6 kN/m over a span of 3 m. Find the maximum shear stress developed and
sketch the distribution of shear stress across the section giving important values. Refer Fig.
[Ans: 10.26 N/mm2]

4. Find the ratio of maximum shear stress to the mean shear stress for the beam section shown in Fig
[Ans: 1.7216]
27

5. An extruded aluminium alloy section is of the shape and dimensions as shown in Fig. Determine the
dimension d if the average shear stress in the section is 10 N/mm 2. Plot the shear stress distribution along
the depth of the section.
6. A laminated wooden beam 100 mm wide and 150 mm deep is made of three 50 mm deep x 100 mm
wide planks glued together to resist longitudinal shear. The beam is simply supported over a span of 2 m.
If the allowable shear stress in the glued joint is 0.4 N/mm 2 find the safe concentrated load that can be
applied to the beam at its mid span.
Shear Stress Calculation at Glued Joint

[Ans: 9000 N]
7. In a beam of I-section the thickness of web is half that of flanges. The thickness of the flanges is half the
breadth of the beam. If the breadth of the beam is one third the depth, find the ratio of maximum to
mean shearing stress in the section.
[Ans:
2.6
1
8. A wooden section 400 mm x 400 mm has a central bore of 100 mm diameter as shown in Fig. If it is
used as a beam to resist a shear force of 12 kN, find shearing stress at the crown of the bore and at
neutral axis.
28

[Ans: 0.1057 N/mm2, 0.1488 N/mm2]

9. A box shown in Fig is made up of four wooden planks connected by screws. Each screw can safely
transmit a shear force of 1250 N. Estimate the minimum necessary spacing of screws along the length of
beam, if maximum shear force transmitted by the section is 5000 N. Sketch the corresponding shear
stress distribution across the section.
[Ans: 109.50 mm]

10. A 3 m long cantilever is subjected to a U.D.L. of 20 kN/m throughout its length and a point load of 40
kN at its free end. Determine the shear stress induced along the plane a-a and b-b in the section of the
cantilever.
[Ans: 24.7089 N/mm2]
11. A simply supported beam AB, 6 m long is loaded with a U.D.L. of 50 kN/m over the entire span. At a
section 1.2 m from end A, find S.F. and B.M. magnitudes to be resisted and draw the shear stress and
bending stress distribution diagrams. Also find the magnitudes of shear stress and bending stress at a
position 5 cm below the neutral axis. The cross section of the beam is shown in Fig.
29

[Ans: 2.833 N/mm2, 56.66 N/mm2, 62.225 N/mm2, 54.95 N/mm2, 465.25 N/mm2 (Tensile), 1361.12 N/mm2
(Tensile)]
12. A beam has a cross-sectional area in the form of an isosceles triangle whose base is 80 mm and height
160 mm. If the maximum permissible stress is not to exceed 0.8 MPa, what maximum shear force the
beam can carry? Also determine the shear stress at 40 mm from the vertex and at the C.G. of the triangle.
[Ans: 3411.2 N, 0.6 N/mm2]
13. Four ISA [60 x 60 x 10] angles are rivetted to 20 mm thick, 1250 mm high web to form a beam that
transmits a shear force of 450 kN. Determine the shear stress in the 25 mm diameter rivets which are
spaced at 100 mm. Properties of each channel are as follows
y
2
Area A = 110 mm , Ixx = 12.6 x 10 mm ,
= 18 mm.
[Ans: 14.0 N/mm2]

14. A beam consists of two steel joists of ISST 250 sections connected together back to back by means of
rivets as shown in Fig. The beam is simply supported on a span of 3 m and carries central load W kN
producing a maximum bending stress of 110 N/mm in the beam. If spacing of rivets is 180 mm along the
length of the beam, find maximum shear force each rivet will be subjected. For each ISST section: I xx =
[2.7744 x 107] mm4, Area A = [4.775 x 103] mm2, Cxx = [64] mm. Find also the intensity of shear stress at
the flange and web section.
[Ans: 8067.8396 N, 9.1375 N/mm2]

15. Three wooden planks of size 50 mm x 100 mm each are fastened together by vertical bolts of 10 mm
diameter as shown in Fig. Centre to centre distance of bolt is 240 mm. If the section carries a shear force
of 6 kN find the shear stress developed in the bolt. If the bolts of size 8 mm are used find the centre to
centre distance spacing of bolts if permissible shear stress is 160 MPa. Find also percentage of shear force
carried by middle plank.
30

[Ans: 162.975 mm2, 150.806 mm, 48.18%]

16. A timber beam having a rectangular cross section is loaded with a uniform load of 10w N/m as shown
in Fig. If the allowable design stresses are 10 N/mm 2 in bending and 1 N/mm2 in shear, what is the span to
depth ratio such that allowable flexural and shear stresses will occur simultaneously?
[Ans: 10]
17. Draw the shear stress variation diagram throughout the depth of the section when the section is
subjected to a vertical shear force of 400 N. What is the ratio of maximum shear stress to the mean shear
stress?
18. A box beam supports the loads as shown in Fig. Compute the maximum value of P that will not exceed
bending stress = 8 MPa or shearing stress = 1.2 Mpa for sections between supports.
[Ans: 9.257 kN]
19. In the beam section shown in Fig prove that maximum horizontal shearing stress occurs at a layer
above or below the N.A.
31
h
8

[Ans:
h
8
, maximum shear stress occur. This is also true below neutral axis]
20. The cross section of a beam is a hollow rectangle as shown in Fig. The shear force is 40 kN. Draw the
shear stress variation diagram.
[Ans: 33.2636 N/mm2]

21. The cross section of a beam consists of a channel with rectangular section welded as shown in fig. If it
has to resist a shear force of 25 kN find
a.
Shear stress in the weld
b. Maximum shear stress
[Ans: 3.0158 N/mm2]
32

CHAPTER7
TORSION
1. What percentage of strength of a solid circular steel shaft 100 mm diameter is lost by boring 50
mm axial hole in it? Compare the strength and weight ratio of the two cases.
2. Prove that a hollow shaft is stronger and stiffer than solid shaft of the same material, length and
weight.
3. A hollow shaft having an inside diameter 70 % of its outer diameter is to replace a solid shaft
transmitting same power at same speed. Calculate the percentage saving in material, if the
material to be used is also same.
4. A solid steel shaft of 6 m long is securely fixed at each end. A torque of 2000 N.m is applied at a
section of 3.2 m from right end. What are the fixing torques set up at the ends of the shaft ? If the
diameter of shaft is 30 mm what are the maximum shear stresses in two portions ? Calculate also
the angle of twist for the section where the torque is applied. Take G 84 x N / mm2.
5. A solid circular shaft 3m long transmits 250 kW at a speed of 500 RPM. If the allowable shearing
stress is 70 MPa and the allowable angle of twist 0.045 radians, determine (i) The minimum
permissible diameter of the shaft. (ii) The speed at which this power can be delivered, if the stress
is not to exceed 50 MPa with a diameter of 75 mm. Take G = 0.8 x N/ mm2.
6. A hollow steel shaft is running at 180 RPM and transmits 1600 kW power. Determine the shear
stress at the outer and inner radii of the shaft, if the internal and external diameter of the shaft are
125 mm and 200 mm respectively. Take G = 84000 N/mm2.
7. 450 kW power has to be transmitted at 100 RPM. Find a. The necessary diameter of a solid
circular shaft. b. The necessary diameters of hollow circular section, inside diameter being 3/4 of
the external diameter. Allowable shear stress = 75 N/mm2.
8. Determine the diameter of the shaft to transmit 1 MW rotating at 220 RPM and the working
conditions to be satisfied are: a. That the shaft must not twist more than 1 0 on length of 12
diameters and b. The shear stress must not exceed 60 N/mm2. Take G = 84 kN/mm2.
9. A hollow shaft of diameter ratio 3/5 is required to transmit 600 kW at 110 RPM the maximum
torque being 12% greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed 60 N/mm 2 and the twist
in length of 3 m not to exceed 1, calculate the minimum external diameter. Take G = 8 x 10 MPa.
10. Find the maximum torque that can be applied safely to a shaft of 240 mm diameter, if the
permissible angle of twist is 1.2 degree in a length of 6 m and the shear stress is not to exceed 50
N/mm2. Take C = 80 GPa.
11. A hollow steel shaft of 180 mm external diameter and 120 mm internal diameter transmits 1400
kW at 180 RPM. Calculate the shear stress at the inner and the outer surfaces.
12. A shaft is to transmit 50 kW at 120 RPM. Calculate the diameter of the shaft if the twist of the
shaft per meter length is not to exceed 0.50 and the maximum shear stress is not to exceed 230
MPa. Take G = 80 GPa. b) If the shaft in (a) is hollow with inside diameter equal to 3/4 of the
outside diameter of the shaft for the same condition.
13. A solid shaft is required to transmit 330 kW at 120 RPM. The shear stress of the material must not
exceed 80 MN/mm2, find the diameter of the shaft required. If the above shaft is to be replaced by
a hollow one with diameter ratio 3:5 and maximum shear stress remaining unchanged, calculate
the percentage saving in weight that could be obtained.
33

14. A solid aluminum shaft 1 m long and 50 mm diameter is to be replaced by a hollow steel shaft of
the same length and same outside diameter, so that the hollow shaft could carry the same torque
and has the same angle of twist. What must be the inner diameter of the hollow shaft? Take
modulus of rigidity for the aluminum as 28 GPa and that for steel as 85 GPa.
15. A hollow circular shaft is to have an inside diameter one half the outside diameter. It is to be
designed to transmit 50 kW at a speed of 450 RPM and shear stress is not to exceed 85 N/mm 2.
Calculate, a. External diameter of the hollow shaft b. The angle of relative twist in degrees
between two sections 1.5 rn apart. c. Percentage difference in the weight of the hollow circular
shaft as compared with a solid shaft designed for the same condition. Take G = 8.4 x 10 N/mm 2.
16. A solid circular shaft is to transmit 300 kWatts at 100 rpm (i) If the shear stress is not to exceed 80
MPa, find its diameter. (ii) What percentage saving in weight would be obtained if this shaft is
replaced by a hollow one whose internal diameter equals to 0.6 of the external diameter. The
length, material and maximum shear stress being the same?
17. Calculate the dimensions of a hollow steel shaft to transmit 600 kW at a speed of 120 RPM the
maximum torque being 1.12 times the mean. The internal diameter of the shaft is 60% of the
outside diameter and the greatest intensity of shear stress is limited to 28 MN/m 2.
18. What power can be transmitted at 300 RPM by a hollow steel shaft of 75 mm external and 50 mm
internal diameters, when permissible shear stress for the steel is 70 N/mm2 and maximum torque
is 1.3 times the mean? Compare the strength of this hollow shaft with that of a solid shaft of the
same material, weight and length.
19. Determine the maximum allowable torque which a solid circular bar 3 m long and 100 mm
diameter can be subjected to, when specifications require that the shear stress must not exceed 56
MN/m2 and the angle of twist must not exceed 3.5 0 in this length. Take shear modulus G = 70
GN/m2.
20. Select the diameter of a steel solid shaft to transmit 200 kW each without exceeding a shearing
stress of 70 N/mm2. The shaft operates at 200 RPM.
21. What percentage of strength of a solid circular shaft 100 mm diameter is lost by boring 50 mm
axial hole in it? Compare also the weight ratio in the two cases.
22. A hollow steel shaft 2 m long has outer diameter of 40 mm. When it is rotating at 80 rad/s, it
transmits 32 kW of power. Determine the smallest thickness of the shaft if allowable shear stress is
140 MPa and shaft .is restricted to twist not more than 0.05 radians. Take C = 90 GPa.
23. A solid steel shaft is to transmit 75 kW at 200 RPM. Taking allowable shear stress as 70 MPa, find
suitable diameter of the shaft, if the maximum instantaneous torque exceeds mean torque by 30%.
Also find the outer diameter of a hollow shaft whose inside diameter is 0.7 times of the outer
diameter which can replace the solid shaft.
24. A shaft has to transmit 105 kW at 160 rpm if the shear stress is not to exceed 65 N/mm2 and the
twist in a length of 3.5 metre must not exceed 10, find a suitable diameter. Take C = 8 x l0 N/mm2.
25. A solid steel shaft ACB is of circular cross section, 8 m long is securely fixed at each end. A torque
of 1000 Nm is applied to the shaft at C, 3 m from end A. Find the relative torque set up at the ends
A and B of the shaft.If the diameter of the shaft is 40 mm, find the maximum shear stress
anywhere in the shaft and the angle of twist at the point where the torque is applied. Assume shear
modulus for the shaft as 0.84 x 10 N/mm2.
26. A solid circular shaft ABC is fixed at end A and free at end C. The lengths AB = L and BC = L/3.
The diameters for AB and BC are 90 mm and 50 mm respectively. The shaft is subjected to 2.1
kN.m torque at B and 0.7 kN.m torque at free end C. Determine the length of shaft AB and BC if
34

total angle of twist between A and C is 3. Also determine the stresses induced in shafts AB and
BC. Take G = 84000 N/mm2.
27. A shaft of solid circular cross section with two different diameters is shown in figure (a).
Determine the outer diameter D of a prismatic shaft of the same material and the same length
having the same torsional stiffness if the wall thickness t of the hollow shaft is to be 0.1 D as shown
in figure (b). [Hint: T/ should be same for both cases]
a.
28. A shaft carries five pulleys A, B, C, D and E. The details of pulley torques, shaft diameter and
shaft lengths are given as follows
a.
29. Determine in which section maximum shear stress and in which section maximum angular twist
occurs. G = 80 Gpa
30. A composite shaft consists of steel rod 60 mm in diameter enclosed within a brass tube closely
fitting over the steel rod. Find the external diameter of the brass tube when a torque of 100 kN.cm
is applied to the composite section and is shared by the materials. Steel takes 40 % of the torque
and remaining is taken by the brass. Take shear modulus for steel as 0.8 x l0 N/mm2 and for brass
as 0.4 x l0 N/mm2. Also determine the common angle of twist in a length of 5 meters.
31. A compound bar is made of steel rod 19 mm in diameter surrounded by closely fitting brass tube
of 32 mm outside diameter and the two are securely fixed together at ends. Calculate the value of
G for brass if the angle of twist over a length of 1 m is 7.2 when compound bar is subjected to a
twisting couple of 520 Nm. Also Calculate the maximum shear stress in the two materials G5 80
GPa.
32. A composite shaft ABC is as shown. A clockwise torque of 2000 Nm is applied at section B,
common to both the shafts. Plot stress distribution for shaft AB and for shaft BC. Take G =80 GPa
and G = 40 GPa. Also calculate the twist at section B.
a.
35

33. A composite step shaft shown consists of an aluminium section 50 mm in diameter and a steel
section 25 mm in diameter. The ends of the shafts are fixed so that rotation cannot occur there. For
a torsional moment of 250 Nm applied at the junction C, determine (a) the torque transmitted to
supports (b) the maximum stress developed in aluminium and steel. Take G = 85 GPa and G =30
GPa
a.
34. A steel sleeve is shrunk on the aluminium shaft to form the composite torsion member as shown in
figure. If the allowable stresses for steel and aluminium are 84 MPa and 70 MPa respectively and
if the composite shaft is not to twist more than 0.025 rad, determine the maximum torque T that
can be applied to the member. G = 84 GPa, Ga = 28 GPa.
35. A brass tube of external diameter 60 mm is shrunk tightly on a steel rod of 40 mm diameter to
form a composite shaft. The shaft has to transmit 500 kW of power at 150 RPM. Determine the
maximum stresses developed in each material and the relative angle of twist in a length of 3 m.
Take G = 80 GPa and Gb = 40 GPa.
36

CHAPTER8
STRAIN ENERGY
FOR AXIAL LOAD
SIMPLE BAR
1. A prismatic steel bar of 500 mm length and 200 mm 2 cross-sectional area is subjected to direct
compressive stress of 125 N/mm 2. If E for the material is 200 GPa, find strain energy and resilience of the
bar. Find also the modulus of resilience, if the stress at elastic limit for the material in compression is 200
N/mm2.
2. The strain energy stored in the bar is 30 kN.m. The bar is 2.5 m long and 40mm in diameter. Find the
magnitude of gradually applied load. Take E = 2105N/mm2.
3. Two elastic bars of same material and length, one of circular section of diameter 200mm and the other
of square section of side 200mm absorb the same amount of strain energy delivered by axial loads.
Compare the stresses in two cases.
4. A prismatic bar of length 1 m and having diameter of 10 mm is subjected to an axial pull of 200 N. If
the diameter of the bar is increased by 10% what will be the percentage change in strain energy.
5. A fluid at a pressure of 4 N/mm 2 is suddenly admitted on a plunger of 150mm diameter. The plunger is
attached to a connecting rod 28 mm in diameter and 4 m length. Find the sudden stress induced in the
connecting rod and change in its length.TakeE=2105 N/mm2.
6. Determine the stress induced in a copper tube of 15 mm outside diameter and 10 mm inside diameter
due to a suddenly applied load of 4 kN. How much will be the deformation on a length of 75 cm ? Take E
= 120 GPa.
7. Compare the strain energy stored in a bar of 2 m long and 87.4 mm in diameter when a load of 60 kN is
applied suddenly and gradually. Take E 200 GPa.
IMPACT
8. An unknown weight falls by 22 mm onto a collar rigidly connected to the lower end of the vertical bar 3
m long and 500 mm2 in section. If maximum instantaneous extension is known to be 2.5 mm, find the
corresponding stress and magnitude of falling weight. Take E = 2105N/mm2.
9. A bar of 12 mm diameter gets stretched by 3 mm under a steady load of 8 kN.What stress would be
induced in the bar by a weight of 800 N which falls through a height of80 mm before commencing to
stretch the bar. Take E = 2105 N/mm2.
10. A disc having 6000 N falls through a height onto a collar attached to the rod of length 3000 mm and
having cross-sectional area 600 mm2. Find the height of fall, if the maximum instantaneous stress is 130
MPa. Take E=2105 N/mm2.
11. A vertical steel rod of uniform diameter 2.5 m long is subjected to a load of 2 kN dropping from 20
mm height on a collar at the lower end of the rod. Calculate the diameter of the rod if maximum strain is
not to exceed 1/2000. The modulus of elasticity of rod is 200 kN/mm2.
12. An elevator cage with a mass of 1400 kg is being lowered at a rate of 1.5 m/s. The elevator cable has an
effective cross-sectional area of 650 mm2 and an effective modulus of elasticity of 170 GPa. If the cage is
37

suddenly stopped by cable drum (not the brakes on the side of cage) after descending 60 m, determine
maximum tensile stress developed in the cable. Neglect the mass of the cable.
13. A trolley weighing 15 kN is moving down a slope from rest with an acceleration of 0.5 m/s 2 . When it
has moved through a distance of 20 m, it is suddenly stopped by a rope attached to it at its upper end, the
other end of rope being fixed to a drum of the machine. The rope is 50 mm in diameter and length of rope
between drum and trolley is 90 m, when the trolley is suddenly stopped. Determine the maximum
instantaneous stress produced and elongation of the rope. Take E = 210 5 N/mm2for the material of the
rope.
14. A hammer of mass 10 kg falls from 1 m height onto 80 mm cube iron block before coming to rest. Find
the distance the block will be compressed and the instantaneous stress induced in it. Also determine the
velocity with which the hammer will strike the block. Take E = 2105 N/mm2.
15. A solid vertical prismatic bar of the equilateral triangle section of side 20 mm is firmly fixed at lower
end at a distance of 600 mm from top. Find strain energy when(i) Pull of 10 kN is applied gradually. (ii) 8
kN pull is applied suddenly. (iii) 4 kN falls through 120 mm before it strikes the collar attached to the
lower end of the bar.TakeE=200GPa.
Composite Bar
Composite Bars In Series
16. Compare the strain energy stored in two bars of the same material shown in figure(a) and (b) if(i)
gradually applied load is same (ii) maximum stress produced is same.
17. Two bars of same material and same length but varying cross-sectional area as shown in figure (a)
and (b) carry an equal axial thrust. Find the ratio of their strain energy.
18. Two bars A and B of same material and same length but varying cross-sectional area as shown in
figure(a) and (b) carry an equal axial force P. Find the ratio of their strain energies.
38

19. A metal bar of 30 mm diameter and 1500 mm length is subjected to an axial blow transmitting an
energy of 50 J. Find the maximum instantaneous stress induced in the rod after absorbing this energy.
Take E = 1105 N/mm2for the bar. If this rod is reduced to 15 mm diameter in its middle half length of 750
mm, find the percentage increase in the value of the maximum instantaneous stress induced by the same
blow.
20. A steel bar consists of two equal portions each 1 m long, the respective diameters of each portions
being 30 mm and 50 mm. Find the total strain energy of the bar when it is subjected to an axial pull of
150 kN.Take E = 2105 N/mm2for steel.
IMPACT
21- A mass of 10 kg. is dropped from aheight 2 m onto the centre of small rigid platform asshown in
figure . The two steel rods supporting the platform are 20 mm x 40 mm in cross-section and4 m long.
Deterlnine (a) the maximum tensile stressdeveloped in the rods. (b) the maximum deflection ofthe
platform. TakeE= 21011N/m2.
22. A vertically suspended brass bar is fixed at its upper end and has 20 mm diameter for 1500 mm length
and 15 mm diameter for 600 mm length. A weight of 15 N is allowed to fall freely through a height of 25
mm onto a collar provided at the lower end of the bar.Take E = 110 5 N/mm2for for the material of the
bar, findmaximum instantaneous stress developed in this bar.
23. The upper 1000 mm of steel barAB is 50 mm wide by 10 mm thick and the lower 750 mm is 30 mm
wide by 10 mm thick. When collar W is released from rest from a height of 500 mm onto the end A of the
rod, the axial stress in the bar is not to exceed 100 MPa. Assume that 75% of the energy of the falling
collar is absorbed elastically by member AB. Determine (a) Maximum permissible mass for collar W. (b)
The maximum permissible mass for W if the bar AB is 30 mm wide throughout its entire length. Take E =
200 GPa. Refer figure
39

Composite Bars in Parallel

24. A copper rod has auniform cross-sectional area400 mm 2 and length 500 mm. Itis enclosed in a steel
tube havinarea of cross-section 260 mm2uniform through out and a lengthof 500 mm. The force axial
innature shortens the compositebar by 0.09 mm.Compute (a) the value ofF (b) the percentage of strain
energy stored by each of the rods. TakeES= 2105 N/mm2 andEc=120103 N/mm2
Strain Energy Stored in Bending in Beams(Gradual loading)

25-30 Determine the strain energy stored in beams.Express your answers in terms of El.
Strain Energy in Bending Under Impact Loads

31. A 1 m long beam rectangular in section 25 mm wide 40 mm deep is supported on rigid supports at
ends. If it is struck at the centre by a 10 kg mass falling through a height of 50 mm find (a) instantaneous
stress developed. (b) the load factor. (c) the instantaneous strain energy stored in the beam. Take E
=2105 N/mm2
32. A cantilever beam 2 m long carries arectangular section with I =210 5 mm4. A load of 10 kNis dropped
from a height of 60 mm at the free end.Determine the instantaneous deflection at the free end.Take E for
the material as =2105 N/mm2
Strain Energy Stored in Torsion

33. A hollow shaft has outside diameter 1.5 times the inside diameter. It is subjected to pure torque and it
attains maximum shear stress t. Find the strain energy stored per unit volume. If such a shaft is required
to transmit 6000 kW at 120 r.p.m. with uniform torque the maximum stress not exceeding 80 MN/m 2
determine (1) the shaft diameters (ii) the energy stored per unit volume. Take G = 90 GN/mm 2.
34. A solid shaft of 80 mm diameter, 600 mm long transmits 85 kW power at200 RPM. Determine the
Strain Energy stored due to torsion in the shaft.TakeG=90 GPa.
40

CHAPTER 9
SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS

TYPE 1:SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
With Only Point loads
1. Find deflections of points B and C for the beam shown Assume El = constant
With point load & Couple

2. For the beam supported and loaded as shown find the deflection at point D,
3. Find the deflection at D for the beam shown. Take El = 3 x 1012 Nmm2.
4. Determine maximum slope and deflection for a beam subjected to end couples as shown.
With u.d.l. from right support

5. Find the maximum deflection and the maximum slope for the beam loaded as shown in the figure. The
flexural rigidity El = 15 x 109 kNmm2.
41

6. Find the location and the value of. maximum deflection and slope of a simply supported beam loaded by
U.D.L. throughout the span and one point load at its first quarter point from left support. Take span = 10 m,
intensity fU.D.L 1kN/m, value of point 1oad20kN at quarter point) and El = Constant) 6 x 106 kN-m2.
With u.d.l. from left support
7. For the beam loaded as shown in the figure, find slopes at A and B and deflection at C and D. Also find the
position and value of maximum deflection in the beam. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2, I = 1 x 108 mm4.
8. Find slope and deflection at point C for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. Assume moment of inertia and
modulus of elasticity as I and E respectively.
With u.d.l. on Partial beam

9. Determine the deflection at B and slope at D for simply supported beam as shown. Also find the maximum
deflection and its location. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and I= 300 x 108 mm4.
10. Determine the slope and vertical deflection at the sections C and D of the beam shown.
11. Determine deflection at B and slope at D for a simpf supported beam shown . Take E = 2 x 10 5 N/mm2
and I = 300 x 106 mm4.
12. For the following beam find the slope and deflection at B, C and D. Assume that Moment of Inertia and
Modulus of Elasticity are I and E respectively
42

13. Determine the deflections at points B, C and D in the beam shown in Fig.8.34(a). The beam has circular
cross section of 200 mm diameter.Take E = 200 kN/mm2
With u.v.l. on Partial beam

14. Find the slope and deflection in terms of El at x = 2 m, 4 m, 6 m and 8 m from left end support for the beam
loaded as shown in figure.
TYPE 2: S.S BEAM WITH OVER HUNG

16. A horizontal beam is loaded and supported as shown in figure. Determine(i) slope at A (Ii) deflection and
slope at B (iii) slope at D.Take E = 200 x 106 kN/m2 and I = 20 x 10-6 m4.
17. Determine the deflection at the loaded as shown centre and slopes at the supports for the beam
18. Determine the position and amount of maximum deflection for the beam shown in. Take El = 1.8 x10 4
kN.m2.
19. Find deflection at the free end C and slope at A for the beam as shown in the figure.
43

20. Find the maximum deflection and slope at the supports for the beam as shown in figure.
TYPE 3: CANTILEVER BEAMS

21-27 Find the slope and deflection at thefree end.& at 2m from it for the following beams
TYPE 4: REVERSE TYPE

28. An overhanging beam is loaded as shown. It is observed that the deflection at A is zero. Find the value of W
for this condition. Find also the location and the maximum deflection anywhere in the beam AD.
29. A prismatic beam, 6 m long is simply supported at its ends. A downward load of 160 kN is applied at 4 m
from left end support and other load of W kN is applied at 2 m from the left end support such that the deflection
under the load W is zero. Determine the magnitude of the vertical load W. Also determine the maximum
deflection of the beam.
44

CHAPTER 10
THIN CYLINDERS& SPHERES

THIN CYLINDER
1. A cylindrical shell, 3 m long, is having 1 m internal diameter and 15 mmthickness. Calculate (i) Hoop
stress (ii) Longitudinal stress (iii) Maximum intensity of shearstress and (iv) Changes in the dimension of
the shell if it is subjected to an internal fluid pressure of 1.5 MPa. Take Youngs modulus of e4sticity E =
200 GPa and Poissons ratio =0.3.
2. A boiler shell is to be made of 15 mm thick plate having tensile stress of120 N/mm 2. If the efficiencies of
longitudinal and circumferential joints are 70% and 30%respectively, determine (i) maximum
permissible diameter of shell for an internal pressureof 2 N/mm 2 and (ii) permissible intensity of internal
pressure when the shell diameter is1.5 m.
3. A water pipe with 500 mm diameter supplies water at 75 meters head. Taking allowable stress for
material of pipe as 25 MPa, determine the thickness of pipe. Take specific weight of water as 10 kN/m 3.
4. A thin cylindrical shell, 2 m long, has 200 mm internal diameter and thickness 10 mm. It is completely
filled with a fluid at atmospheric pressure. If an additional25000 mm 3 fluid is pumped in, find the
pressure developed and hoop stress developed. Find also the changes in diameter and length. Assume
water as incompressible.Take Youngs modulus E = 200 GPa and Poissons ratio = 0.3.
5. A seamless thin cylindrical shell made of copper plate 5 mm thick is filled with water under a pressure
of 4 N/mm2. The internal diameter of the cylinder is 200 mm and length 800 mm. Find the change in the
diameter and the length. Find also the amount of water pumped inside the cylinder to maintain the same
pressure if the water is assumed to be incompressible.Take modulus of elasticity of the material as 104
kN/mm2 and Poissons ratio as 0.32.
THIN SPHERE
6. A spherical shell of internal diameter 0.9 m and of thickness 10 mm is subjected to an internal pressure
of 1.4 N/mm2. Determine the increase in diameter and increase in volume. Take E= 2 10 5 N/mm2 and =
1/3.
7. A thin spherical shell, 1m in diameter with its wall 1.2 cm thick, is filled with a fluid under atmospheric
pressure. Whet intensity of pressure will be developed in it if 175 cm 3 more of fluid is pumped into it?
Also calculate the circumferential stress at that pressure and increase in diameter.TakeE=200GN/m 2and
1/m = 0.3.
8. A spherical vessel with a diameter of 6 m contains a corrosive gas at a pressure of 1 .4 MN/m 2. The
vessel can withstand a maximum tensile stress of 85 MN/m 2. Due to corrosion the metal wall is eaten at
the rate of 0.3 mm/year. If the thickness of metal used is 28 mm initially, determine the life of the
spherical vessel.
9. A spherical shell, 40 cm internal diameter and 10 mm thick, is filled with afluid at atmospheric
pressure. If an additional 80 cm3 of the fluid is pumped into the shell,find the pressure exerted by the
fluid on the walls of the shell. Also find the hoop stressinduced.TakeE=2 10 N/mm 2and
1
=
0.3.
m
10. A thin spherical shell, made of copper 300 mm diameter and thickness 1.6mmis just full of water at
45

atmospheric pressure. Find how much the internal pressure will beincreased by pumping in 25000 mm 3
of water.Take E = 1 l0 N/mm2 and = 0.286 and K = 2200 N/mm2.
12. A spherical shell, I m in diameter and 5 mm wall thickness is filled with aliquid until its volume is
increased by 200 cm3. Determine the pressure on the wall, principal stresses and maximum shear stress
produced.E for the shell material = 2 l05 N/mm2 and
1
m = 0.3.
13. A pressure vessel with hemispherical ends consists of cylindrical shell 2.5 m long and I m diameter.
Thickness of wall of cylindrical portion is 25 mm. In a hydraulic test to a pressure of 4 MPa, how much
water may be pumped in, if initially water is filled at atmospheric pressure. Assume jhat circumferential
strain in hemispherical portion end and cylindrical portion end are equal.TakeE=2I0 GPa,
1
m = =0.3
and kforwateras2.1 103N/mm2.

14. A cylindrical vessel with hemispherical ends is I m long on its cylindrical portion and has 0.5 m
diameter. Thickness of wall on cylindrical portion is 6 mm. Taking internal pressure as I MPa, determine
(i) thickness of wall of hemispherical portion and (ii) change in volume of vessel.TakeE=2I0 GPaand
1
m =0.3.
46

CHAPTER 11
COLUMNS AND STRUTS

1. Find the buckling load ,the slenderness ratio ,the maximum load the column ,with a factor of safety of
2.5. ofa 4 m column by,
1. Eulers formula
2. Rankines formula
(Take E = 2 l05 N/mm2,C = 320 N/mm2, = 1/7500), if the column is
i.
both ends hinged
ii.
one end fixed and other end hinged
iii.
one end fixed and other end free
iv. both ends fixed
If the cross section of the column is as follows:
b=12 mm
47

2. Determine the section of column 5 m long with ends firmly built in, if it carries an axial load of 400 kN.
Use factor of safety of 8. (Take E = 2 l05 N/mm2,C = 320 N/mm2, = 1/7500), if the column is
i.
both ends hinged
ii.
one end fixed and other end hinged
iii.
one end fixed and other end free
iv. both ends fixed
by,
1. Eulers formula
2. Rankines formula
48

CHAPTER 12
PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND STRAINS

1. At a point in a strained material the stresses on the two mutually perpendicular planes are 80 MPa
tensile and 50 MPa compressive, accompanied by shear stress of 30 MPa. Find the normal, tangential and
the resultant stress Intensities on a plane at60 0 to the plane carrying the tensile stress.Also determine the
principal stresses value of maximum shear stress and their orientations.
2. A plane element is subjected to the stresses as shown in the Figure. Determine analytically;
a. The principal stresses and their directions
b. The maximum shearing and the directions of the plane in which they act.
c. Normal and shearing stresses on the inclined plane.
3. At a cross section of a beam, there is a longitudinal bending stress of 110 N/mm 2 tensile and a
transverse shear stress of 45 N/mm2. Find the resultantstress in magnitude and direction on a logitudinal
inclined at 30 to the longitudinal axis (There is no normal stress on longitudinal plane). Also determine
the principal stressesand strains.
4. At a point in a strained material the resultant intensity of stress across a plane is 226 MPa tensile
inclined at 450 to its normal. The normal component of intensity of stress across the plane at right angles
is 60 MPa compressive. Find by using graphical method or analytical method, the positions of principal
planes and stresses across them. Find also the value of the maximum shear stress at that point.
5. In the figure, PQ and RS are two planes inclined to one another at 50. The plane PQ carries a normal
compressive stress of 45 MPa and shearing stress of 25 MPa. While the plane RS carries a normal tensile
stress of 15 MPa and shearing stress. Determine the shearing stress on plane RS, maximum shearing
stress and principal stress.
6. In the figure shown, PQ and RS are two inclined planes containing stresses as shown. Determine (a)
Shear stress on planes RS (b) The principal stresses locating the principal planes.
49

7. The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 12 kN together with a transverse shear force of 6 kN.
Determine the diameter of the bolt if,
a. The maximum principal stress is not to exceed 45 N/mm2, and
b. The maximum shear stress is not to exceed to 45 N/mm2.
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE
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Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

STRESS AND STRAIN

TYPE II: PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

TYPE III: BARS OF VARYING CROSS-SECTION

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

2.1 105MPa, P1 = 45 kN, P2 = 450 kN and P4 = 130 kN.

TYPE IV:DEFORMATION OF TAPERING MEMBERS

(B) Deformation of Uniformly Tapering Rectangular Section Bar

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE V:DEFORMATION DUE TO SELF WEIGHT

TYPE VI: BARS OF COMPOSITE SECTION

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE VII:SHEAR STRESS

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE VIII: TEMPERATURE STRESSES

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE IX:RELATION BETWEEN ELASTIC CONSTANTS, VOLUMETRIC

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING MOMENTS IN

TYPE II: SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS WITH OVERHANG

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

RA=RB ; W=? DRAW S.F.D. &B.M.D.

TYPE III: CANTILEVER BEAMS

TYPE IV: BEAMS WITH INTERNAL HINGES

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE V: REVERSE TYPE

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

BENDING STRESSES IN BEAMS

cross section of the beam is in the form of inverted T.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Compressive force developed by the normal stress above the N.A.

iii. Tensile force developed due to bending stress

TYPE 2: TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM BM OR LOADING WHEN

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE 3: TO DETERMINE MAXIMUM BM OR LOADING WHEN BOTH

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE 4: TO DETERMINE MISSING DIMENSIONS OF SECTION

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE 5: TO DETERMINE FORCE & RESISTANCE ON PARTIAL

Moment of this force about N.A.

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

TYPE 6: FLITCHED BEAMS

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

Prof.S Venkatesh Rao

Vishwatmak Om Gurudev College Of Engineering,Aghai Thane.

DIRECT AND BENDING STRESSES