MANAS ARORA

3RD YEAR B
ROLL NO. 3
VASTU KALA ACADEMY

INTRODUCTION:

THE SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT

THE CONCEPT OF PRECAST STRUCTURES ALSO KNOWN PREFABRICATION HAS LONG PLAYED A MAJOR AND
AS PREFABRICATED/ MODULAR STRUCTURES.
POSITIVE ROLE IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ARE STANDARDIZED
INNOVATION, ADDRESSING SOCIAL CHALLENGES,
AND PRODUCED IN PLANTS IN A LOCATION AWAY
URGENCY,
AND
ECONOMIC
DRIVERS,
FROM THE BUILDING SITE.
PARTICULARLY IN THE HOUSING MARKET.
THEN TRANSPORTED TO THE SITE FOR ASSEMBLY.
ALTHOUGH
PREFABRICATION
IS
PERHAPS
THE COMPONENTS ARE MANUFACTURED BY
ARCHITECTURES OLDEST NEW IDEA [HARKER
INDUSTRIAL METHODS BASED ON MASS PRODUCTION
2007] , IT HAS GONE THROUGH ALTERNATING
IN ORDER TO BUILD A LARGE NUMBER OF BUILDINGS
CYCLES OF BEING THE NEXT BEST THING OR
IN A SHORT TIME AT LOW COST.
BEING SHUNNED.

PROCESS
DESIGN

ENGINEERING

SITE PREPARATION
PREFABRICATION
AND PREASSEMBLY

SITE-CAST

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION AND
INSTALLATION

PRECAST AT PLANT

NO TRANSPORTATION .

TRANSPORTATION AND ELEVATION CAPACITY LIMITS

THE SIZE.

THE SIZE LIMITATION IS DEPENDING

ON THE ELEVATION CAPACITY ONLY.

HIGHER, INDUSTRIALIZED QUALITY LESS AFFECTED

BY WEATHER.

LOWER QUALITY BECAUSE DIRECTLY AFFECTED NO SPACE REQUIREMENT ON THE SITE FOR
BY WEATHER.
FABRICATION.
PROPER, LARGE FREE SPACE REQUIRED.

UNLIMITED OPPORTUNITIES OF ARCHITECTURAL

APPEARANCE.
OPTION OF STANDARDIZED COMPONENTS.

HABITAT 67 AS SEEN ALONG THE BANK OF ST LAWRENCE RIVER

FEATURES:

ADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATION:

DISADVANTAGES OF PREFABRICATION:

THE DIVISION AND SPECIALIZATION OF

THE HUMAN WORKFORCE.
THE USE OF TOOLS, MACHINERY, AND
OTHER
EQUIPMENT,
USUALLY
AUTOMATED, IN THE PRODUCTION OF
STANDARD, INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS
AND PRODUCTS.
COMPARED TO SITE-CAST CONCRETE,
PRECAST CONCRETE ERECTION IS
FASTER AND LESS AFFECTED BY
ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS.
PLANT CASTING ALLOWS INCREASED
EFFICIENCY, HIGH QUALITY CONTROL
AND GREATER CONTROL ON FINISHES.

SELF-SUPPORTING READY-MADE COMPONENTS ARE USED, SO THE NEED FOR

FORMWORK, SHUTTERING AND SCAFFOLDING IS GREATLY REDUCED.
CONSTRUCTION TIME IS REDUCED AND BUILDINGS ARE COMPLETED SOONER,
ALLOWING AN EARLIER RETURN OF THECAPITAL INVESTED.
ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION AND CONGESTION OF SITE IS MINIMIZED.
BETTER QUALITY CONTROL CAN BE ACHIEVED IN A FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE SETTING
THAN AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE.
PREFABRICATION SITE CAN BE LOCATED WHERE SKILLED LABOUR IS MORE READILY
AVAILABLE AND THE COSTS OF LABOUR, POWER, MATERIALS, SPACE AND OVERHEADS
ARE REDUCED.
TIME SPENT DUE TO BAD WEATHER OR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS AT THE
CONSTRUCTION SITE IS MINIMIZED.
LESS WASTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.
ADVANCED MATERIALS SUCH AS SANDWICH-STRUCTURED COMPOSITE ETC. CAN BE
EASILY USED, IMPROVING THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION AND AIR TIGHTNESS.

PREFABRICATION

LEAKS CAN FORM AT JOINTS IN PREFABRICATED COMPONENTS.

TRANSPORTATION COSTS MAY BE HIGHER FOR VOLUMINOUS
PREFABRICATED SECTIONS.
LARGE PREFABRICATED SECTIONS REQUIRE HEAVY-DUTY
CRANES AND PRECISION MEASUREMENT FROM HANDLING TO
PLACE IN POSITION.
LARGER GROUPS OF BUILDINGS FROM THE SAME TYPE OF
PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS TEND TO LOOK DRAB AND
MONOTONOUS.
LOCAL JOBS MAY BE LOST, IF THE WORK DONE TO FABRICATE
THE COMPONENTS BEING LOCATED IN A PLACE FAR AWAY
FROM THE PLACE OF CONSTRUCTION. THIS MEANS THAT
THERE ARE LESS LOCALS WORKING ON ANY CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT AT ANY TIME, BECAUSE FABRICATION IS
OUTSOURCED.

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

WHY

WHY NOT

PREFEABRICATION?

PREFEABRICATION?

SUSTAINABILITY

SKILLS

DESIGN LIMITATIONS

MINIMUM SITE DISTURBANCE, TIGHTLY

MANAGED MATERIAL FLOW AND
CONSTRUCTION WASTE, AND PREPLANNED DISASSEMBLY CAN REDUCE
OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
CONSTRUCTION.

IN COMMUNITIES WITH A SHORTAGE

OF SKILLED TRADE LABOUR, THE
PRODUCTION LINE CAN BE ORGANISED
TO EMPLOY LESS SKILLED LABOUR.
SOME SYSTEMS CAN BE INSTALLED OR
ASSEMBLED BY LOW-SKILLED LABOUR
UNDER SUPERVISION.

SPEED
SITE PREPARATION CAN OCCUR IN
PARALLEL TO BUILDING MANUFACTURE
ON THE FACTORY FLOOR. THIS SAVES
TIME, AND CAN ALSO SAVE MONEY.

COST
ALTHOUGH THERE IS OFTEN A COST
PREMIUM ASSOCIATED WITH THE
TRANSPORT TO SITE OR CRANAGE,
THESE FRONT-END COSTS SHOULD BE
BALANCED AGAINST THE FASTER TIME
TO OCCUPATION WHICH CAN:
GENERATE INCOME EARLIER
LEAD TO LOWER SITE OVERHEADS DUE
TO LESS TIME ON SITE
OFFER GREATER COST CERTAINTY DUE
TO MINIMAL WEATHER DELAYS
PROVIDE AN EARLIER DESIGN FREEZE
DUE TO REQUIREMENTS OF THE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS.

IMPERMANENT SITE
A CLIENT MAY LEASE RATHER THAN
OWN THE LAND FOR A PROPOSED
PROJECT.
SOME SITES MAY HAVE TITLE OR
ZONING RESTRICTIONS THAT DISALLOW
A
PERMANENT
STRUCTURE.
A
PREFABRICATED BUILDING CAN BE
MOVED TO A NEW LOCATION AT A
LATER DATE.

PREFABRICATION

SAFETY
IN A FACTORY ENVIRONMENT MOST OF
THE WORK CAN BE CONDUCTED AT
WAIST HEIGHT. HEALTH AND SAFETY IS
ALSO EASIER TO CONTROL IN A
FACTORY.

TIME FOR CHANGE

PREFABRICATION
IS
NOW
ON
GOVERNMENT AGENDAS IN EUROPE,
THE UNITED STATES AND AUSTRALIA
WHERE ITS SEEN AS AN IMPORTANT
WAY OF IMPROVING QUALITY AND
COST WITHIN A SLOW CHANGING
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
THE CONVERGENCE OF THESE FACTORS,
COMBINED
WITH
EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES AND THE RECENT
RESURGENCE
OF
INTEREST
IN
PREFABRICATION IN THE DESIGN
COMMUNITY,
MEANS
THAT
PREFABRICATION IS MORE VIABLE AND
RELEVANT THAN EVER.

ALTHOUGH
EVERY
TYPE
OF
CONSTRUCTION HAS LIMITS ON WHAT
DESIGNS ARE FEASIBLE TO CONSTRUCT,
CERTAIN DESIGNS MAY STRETCH THE
LIMITS OF THE PREFAB COMPONENTS
CHOSEN FOR A PROJECT.
FOR EXAMPLE, WHILE A PREFAB
SYSTEM
INTENDED
FOR
CONSTRUCTION ON A FLAT SLAB
COULD BE ADAPTED FOR A STEEP
SLOPE, THE AMOUNT OF FOUNDATION
WORK REQUIRED MAY OUTWEIGH THE
ADVANTAGES THAT ARE OFFERED BY
THAT PREFAB SYSTEM.

LITTLE OR NO COST ADVANTAGE

QUALITY
IT CAN CONSISTENTLY ACHIEVE
PREDETERMINED QUALITY IN A
FACTORY CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT.

THE LABOR AND MATERIAL COST

ADVANTAGES OF PREFAB OVER
TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION DEPEND
ON ECONOMIES OF SCALE, WHICH
WILL NOT EXIST FOR A NEW PREFAB
PRODUCT.
THIS PRESENTS A BARRIER OF ENTRY
FOR BRINGING A NEW PRODUCT TO
MARKET, BECAUSE THE MARKET WILL
INITIALLY BE LIMITED TO CONSUMERS
WILLING TO ACCEPT HIGHER COSTS.
FURTHERMORE,
TRADITIONAL
CONSTRUCTION CAN ITSELF BE DONE
IN A HIGHLY EFFICIENT MANNER,
ESPECIALLY IN LARGE DEVELOPMENTS
OF THOUSANDS OF NEW HOMES
WHERE A VERITABLE MINI-FACTORY IS
ESTABLISHED ON THE SITE.
PREFAB WILL ALWAYS HAVE A HARD
TIME COMPETING WITH THIS KIND OF
HOME CONSTRUCTION.

SMALLER POOL OF LOCAL

BUILDERS AND LABORERS

BUILDERS UNFAMILIAR WITH A

CERTAIN METHOD OF PREFAB
CONSTRUCTION MAY BE UNWILLING
TO DEVOTE EXTRA EFFORT TO
LEARNING IT, ESPECIALLY IF THERE IS
MONEY TO BE MADE BY BUILDING
USING TRADITIONAL METHODS.
ANOTHER DIFFICULTY IS THE LACK
OF LABORERS SKILLED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION METHOD.
WITH LESS COMPETITION AMONG
BUILDERS BIDDING ON A PROJECT,
THE OVERALL COST MAY BE HIGHER
OR QUALITY MAY SUFFER.

LABOR
UNIONS
REGULATORY HURDLES

AND

LABOR UNIONS ARE NOT EAGER TO

SEE LOCAL JOBS FOR FRAMERS,
ROOFERS
AND
PIPE
FITTERS
REPLACED BY FARAWAY FACTORIES,
AND MAY THUS EXERT PRESSURE ON
GOVERNMENTS
TO
PLACE
RESTRICTIONS
ON
PREFAB
CONSTRUCTION.
AT THE LOCAL LEVEL, PLANNING AND
BUILDING
DEPARTMENTS
UNFAMILIAR WITH PREFAB OFTEN
MISTAKE IT FOR HUD-COMPLIANT
MANUFACTURED
HOMES
AND
IMPOSE
THE
SAME
ZONING
RESTRICTIONS.

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

1. PRECAST CONCRETE SLABS

USED FOR FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS.

DEEPER ELEMENTS (TOWARD THE RIGHT
BELOW) SPAN FURTHER THAN THOSE
THAT ARE SHALLOWER (TOWARD THE
LEFT).
RIGHT: HOLLOW CORE SLABS STACKED AT
THE PRECASTING PLANT.

DOUBLE TEES SUPPORTED BY

INSULATED SANDWICH WALL PANELS.
THICKNESS OF 4,
6,8,10 AND 12
SPAN UPTO 400
STANDARD PANEL
WIDTH = 40
TYPICAL
DESIGNATION 4HC6
(4 = PANEL WIDTH IN
FEET, HC = HOLLOW
CORE, 6 IS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES)

THICKNESS OF 4, 6
AND 8.
SPAN UPTO 250
STANDARD PANEL
WIDTH 40
TYPICAL
DESIGNATION FS4
(FS=FLAT SLAB, 4 IS
THICKNESS IN
INCHES)

SOLID FLAT SLAB

HOLLOW CORE SLABS

DOUBLE TEE SLABS

SINGLE TEE SLABS

2. OTHER PRECAST CONCRETE

COLUMNS ELEMANETS
PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRS (BELOW)
UNIQUELY SHAPED STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS.

PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRS

PREFABRICATION

STEEL PLATES SUPPORTED ON 2 STEEL BEAMS

PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRS

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

3. PRECAST CONCRETE COLUMNS

AND WALL PANELS
PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR BEAM AND SLAB
ELEMENTS.
SINCE THESE ELEMENTS CARRY MAINLY AXIAL
LOADS WITH LITTLE BENDING FORCE, THEY
MAY BE CONVENTIONALLY REINFORCED
WITHOUT PRESTRESSING.
OR, LONG, SLENDER MULTISTORY ELEMENTS
MAY BE PRESTRESSED TO PROVIDE RESISTANCE
TO BENDING FORCES DURING HANDLING AND
ERECTION (COLUMNS AT RIGHT).
PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS MAY BE
SOLID (RIGHT), HOLLOW, OR SANDWICHED
(WITH AN INSULATING CORE).
WALL PANELS CAN BE RIBBED, TO INCREASE
THEIR VERTICAL SPAN CAPACITY WHILE
MINIMIZING WEIGHT, OR FORMED INTO
OTHER SPECIAL SHAPES.

4. PRECAST CONCRETE BEAMS

PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR SLABS.
THE PROJECTING REINFORCING BARS WILL
BOND WITH CONCRETE CAST ON SITE.
MADE IN DIFFERENT SIZES
RECTANGULAR BEAMS, L SHAPED BEAMS,
INVERTED T BEAMS AND AASHTO BEAMS

RECTANGULAR BEAM (RB)

SPAN UPTO 500

TYPICAL BEAM WIDTH = 12 OR 16
TYPICAL DESIGNATION 16RB24 (16 =
WIDTH IN INCHES, 24 IS DEPTH IN INCHES)

L AND IT (INVERTED) TEE BEAMS

TYPICALLY USED TO SUPPORT SLABS,

WALLS, MASONARY AND BEAMS
TYPICAL BEAM WIDTH = 12
DEPTH OF 20, 28, 36, 44, 52, AND 60

INVERTED TEE BEAMS SUPPORTED BY PRECAST COLUMNS

EQUIPMENTS

CRANES:

MOBILE CRANE
TOWER CRANE
(ABOVE 3STORIES)

RIGGING TOOLS:

EYE BOLT
SHAKLES
HOOKS

LIFTING TOOLS:

SPREADER BEAMS
WIRE ROPE SLINGS

PREFABRICATION

ON THE ELEMENTS
(LIFTING POINTS)

FOR THE CRANE

TO ELIMINATE EXTRA LOAD FROM LIFTING

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

CATEGORIES OF PRECAST BUILDING SYSTEMS

DEPENDING ON THE LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE, PRECAST SYSTEMS DESCRIBED IN THE WHE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES:
LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
LINEAR SYSTEMS
LIFT SYSTEM

1. LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS

BOX-LIKE STRUCTURE.
BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
ELEMENTS ARE LOAD-BEARING.
ONE-STORY HIGH WALL PANELS
(CROSS-WALL
SYSTEM
/
LONGITUDINAL WALL SYSTEM / TWO
WAY SYSTEM).
ONE-WAY OR TWO WAY SLABS.

2. LINEAR SYSTEMS
COMPONENTS ARE USUALLY LINEAR
ELEMENTS.
THE BEAMS ARE SEATED ON CORBELS OF
THE PILLARS USUALLY WITH HINGEDJOINTS (RIGID CONNECTION IS ALSO AN
OPTION).
JOINTS ARE FILLED WITH CONCRETE AT
THE SITE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

OUTSIDE WALL PANEL

RC COLUMN
RC GIRDER
RC BRACING SLAB
RC DIAPHRAGM
RC CEILING SLAB
RC FOUNDATION

3.LIFT-SLAB SYSTEMS

PARTIALLY PRECAST IN PLANT (PILLARS) / PARTIALLY PRECAST

ON-SITE (SLABS).
ONE OR MORE STOREY HIGH PILLARS (MAX 5).
UP TO 30 STOREY HIGH CONSTRUCTIONS.
SPECIAL DESIGNED JOINTS AND TEMPORARY JOINTS.
SLABS ARE CASTED ON THE GROUND (ONE ON TOP OF THE
OTHER) THEN LIFTED WITH CRANE OR SPECIAL ELEVATORS.

1. PILLARS AND THE FIRST PACKAGE (E.G. 5 PIECES) OF SLABS PREPARED AT GROUND LEVEL
2. LIFTING BOXES ARE MOUNTED ON THE PILLARS + A SINGLE SLAB LIFTED TO THE FIRST FLOOR LEVEL
3-8. BOXES ARE SEQUENTIALLY RAISED TO HIGHER POSITIONS TO ENABLE THE SLABS TO BE LIFTED TO THEIR REQUIRED FINAL POSITION - SLABS ARE HELD IN A RELATIVE (TEMPORARY) POSITIONS BY A PINNING SYSTEM
9. EXTENSION OF PILLARS
10-14. THE FIRST PACKAGE OF SLABS ARE LIFTED FURTHER TO MAKE SPACE FOR THE NEXT PACKAGE OF SLABS / OR NEW SLABS CAN BE FABRICATED ON AT A HIGHER LEVEL NOT TO DISTURB THE FURTHER CONSTRUCTION
WORKS AT THE FIRST LEVELS

PREFABRICATION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

COLUMN TO COLUMN CONNECTION

BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION

SHIMS

BEFORE
ASSEMBLED

THE ENTIRE JOINT

IS DRY PACKED
WITH GROUT

ASSEMBLED

GROUTED

METAL BEARING PLATES AND EMBEDDED ANCHOR BOLTS ARE CAST INTO THE ENDS OF THE
COLUMNS.
AFTER THE COLUMNS ARE MECHANICALLY JOINED, THE CONNECTION IS GROUTED TO PROVIDE FULL
BEARING BETWEEN ELEMENTS AND PROTECT THE METAL COMPONENTS FROM FIRE AND CORROSION.

BEAM-SLAB JOINTS

HOLLOW CORE SLABS ARE SET ON BEARING PADS ON PRECAST BEAMS.

STEEL REINFORCING BARS ARE IN INSERTED INTO THE SLAB KEYWAYS TO SPAN THE JOINT.
THE JOINT IS GROUTED SOLID.
THE SLAB MAY REMAIN UNTOPPED AS SHOWN, OR TOPPED WITH SEVERAL INCHES OF CAST IN
PLACE CONCRETE.

PREFABRICATION

BEAMS ARE SET ON BEARING PADS ON THE COLUMN CORBELS.

STEEL ANGLES ARE WELDED TO METAL PLATES CAST INTO THE BEAMS
AND COLUMNS AND THE JOINT IS GROUTED SOLID.

WALL TO SLAB CONNECTION

PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF SOLID WALL

PANELS AND HOLLOW CORE SLABS.

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

CORNER CONNECTIONS OF WALL PANELS

CONNECTION BETWEEN SLABS

PREFABRICATION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

WALLPANEL CONNECTED TO INSITU CONCRETE

PREFABRICATION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

CASE STUDY 1

CASE STUDY 2 - MOHALI

TYPE : 81 UNITS OF TERRACE HOUSES & A PAIR OF SEMI-DETACHED

HOUSES STOREY : 3-STOREY WITH A FLAT ROOF
SITE AREA : 2.2 HECTARES GFA : 19,920 M

INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE FIRM SYNERGY THRISLINGTON HAS COMPLETED

CONSTRUCTING THE COUNTRYS FIRST 10-STORY PREFABRICATED COMMERCIAL
BUILDING, DUBBED INSTACON, IN A RECORD TIME OF JUST 48 HOURS.

THE PRECAST SYSTEM CONSISTS OF BOTH STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS PARTY WALLS,
FACADE WALLS, FLOORS, STAIRCASES, METER COMPARTMENT AND PLANTER BOXES.
RC POUR STRIPS WERE USED AT THE WALL JOINTS AND SLAB JOINTS.
THE RC POUR STRIPS PROVIDE FOR A WATERTIGHT CONNECTION AND TO MINIMIZE CRACKING AT THESE JOINTS.
TO FURTHER REDUCE LABOUR INTENSIVE FINISHING WORK, THE END WALLS WERE CONSTRUCTED USING FACADE BRICK
TILES THAT WERE PRECAST TOGETHER WITH THE RC WALLS.

ERECTION OF PRECAST WALLS AND PLANKS

USE OF 50-TONNE CRANE FOR HOISTING

MINOR TOUCHING UP OF FINISHES

ELEVATION OF COMPLETED HOUSES

PREFABRICATION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

10

CASE STUDY 3
PREFABRICATED CONCEPT TO CONSTRUCT GOVERNMENT QUARTERS IN WEST KOWLOON, HONG KONG

INSTALLATION OF THE CAST-IN-SITU PRECAST INTERNAL PARTITION

LAYOUT OF THE QUARTER BUILDING SHOWING

TYPCIAL PHASING ARRANGEMENT OF WORK

DETAIL OF THE FAADE AND THE LINTEL BEAM INSTALLATION

FEATURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION EXTENSIVE USE OF PRECASTFAADE AND LINTEL BEAMS, PRECASTCAST-INSITU INTERNAL PARTITIONS ARE ALSO INTRODUCED

PREFABRICATION

PRECAST INTERNAL PARTITION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

11

ASSEMBLY CONCEPTS FOR PRECAST CONCRETE BUILDINGS

VERTICAL SUPPORT CAN BE
PROVIDED
BY
PRECAST
COLUMNS AND BEAMS, WALL
PANELS, OR A COMBINATION
OF ALL THREE.
THE CHOICE OF ROOF AND
FLOOR
SLAB
ELEMENTS
DEPENDS MAINLY ON SPAN
REQUIREMENTS.
PRECAST SLAB ELEMENTS ARE
FREQUENTLY ALSO USED WITH
OTHER
VERTICAL
LOADBEARING SYSTEMS SUCH
AS
SITECAST
CONCRETE,
REINFORCED MASONRY, OR
STEEL.

DOUBLE TEE SLABS SUPPORTED ON FRAME OF COLUMNS

AND GIRDERS

HOLLOW CORE SLABS SUPPORTED ON LOAD BEARING

WALLS

DOUBLE TEE SLABS SUPPORTED ON LOAD BEARING

WALLS, COLUMNS AND INVERTED TEE BEAMS

PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION AND SEISMIC DESIGN

THERE IS A GENERAL CONCERN REGARDING THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRECAST CONSTRUCTION.

IT IS NOTICED THAT LARGE PANEL CONSTRUCTION PERFORMS BETTER THAN FRAME SYSTEM.
HOWEVER, IN AREAS OF HIGH SEISMIC RISK, STRUCTURES MUST BE DESIGNED TO RESPOND SAFELY TO
THE DYNAMIC FORCES IMPARTED INTO THE STRUCTURE. INNOVATIONS IN JOINT DESIGN ARE
IMPROVING THE
CONNECTION SYSTEMS IN PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND MAKING THEM INCREASINGLY
SUITABLE FOR USE IN SUCH AREAS.
IN AREAS OF HIGH SEISMIC RISK, STRUCTURES MUST BE DESIGNED TO RESPOND SAFELY TO THE
DYNAMIC FORCES IMPARTED INTO THE STRUCTURE.
INNOVATIONS IN JOINT DESIGN ARE IMPROVING THE CONNECTION SYSTEMS IN PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURES AND MAKING THEM INCREASINGLY SUITABLE FOR USE IN SUCH AREAS.

A LARGE SCALE TEST FACILITY FOR

SIMULATING SEISMIC FORCES ON
PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS.

CONCLUSION
THE USE OF PREFABRICATION AND PREASSEMBLY IS ESTIMATED TO HAVE ALMOST DOUBLED IN THE
LAST 15 YEARS, INCREASING BY 86%.
THE USE OF PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF
CONSTRUCTION WASTE GENERATED ON CONSTRUCTION SITES.
REDUCE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON SITES.
ENHANCE QUALITY CONTROL OF CONCRETING WORK.
REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF SITE LABOUR.
INCREASE WORKER SAFETY .
OTHER IMPEDIMENTS TO PREFABRICATION AND PREASSEMBLY ARE INCREASED TRANSPORTATION
DIFFICULTIES, GREATER INFLEXIBILITY, AND MORE ADVANCED PROCUREMENT REQUIREMENTS.

PREFABRICATION

MANAS ARORA 3RD YEAR - B

12