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Analysis Guide
November 2005
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The content of this manual is provided for information only, is subject to change without
notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Actix. Actix assumes no
responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that appear in this documentation.
Copyright Actix 2005-2008. All rights reserved. All trademarks are hereby acknowledged.
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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................4
2 OPERATIONAL TASKS AND PROCESSES .............................................................5
2.1 SITE INTEGRATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE TESTING .................................................... 7
2.2 DETAILED CALL SEQUENCE ANALYSIS .................................................................... 8
2.3 BENCHMARKING AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................ 9
2.4 RADIO LINK PERFORMANCE TROUBLESHOOTING........................................................10
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Introduction 4
1 Introduction
It is widely recognized that increasing productivity fuelled much of the global economic
expansion of the 1990s. Technological advances in software and hardware usually enable
these productivity improvements, although there is often a lag between the availability of
the new technology, and its widespread acceptance and deployment by industry. This gap
is sometimes called the productivity lag factor.
Some examples of this include the introduction of automated bank teller technology in the
1980s in the US. When the technology initially became available, it was only sparingly
deployed, and the units were often placed inside bank buildings where the productivity
enhancements they offered were limited. Likewise, unattended gasoline pump technology
has been slow to roll out in Europe, but as the technology has become widely adapted,
huge efficiency gains have been realized.
The wireless industry is now at a similar point. It understands that the traditional laborintensive techniques for maximizing performance and capacity in wireless infrastructure
are fundamentally limited by a lack of structured algorithms to determine improvements.
Actix Analyzer offers the possibility to look at drive test data and scanner data to fully
optimize a UMTS network. It allows the engineer to understand the causes and reasons for
drop calls and access failures.
Analyzer offers an unprecedented capability to execute a detailed examination of message
flows and automating statistical analyses of performance. Analyzer significantly accelerates
the rollout, troubleshooting and optimization of the UMTS network. Actix has embedded
intelligence in the software to allow the RF engineer to visualize specific events and
understand real problems occurring in the network.
Analyzer embodies our extensive experience as the market leader in optimization solutions
for CDMA, UMTS and GSM. All of the lessons learned and the techniques developed over a
10-year period have been incorporated into these powerful, vendor-independent solutions
for UMTS infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of the key benefits, applications and features of
Analyzer. For additional information, including white papers and other literature, please
refer to www.actix.com.
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Rollout
Verification
S l
R&D
Trials
Initial
Rollout
Immature
Buildout
Mature
Growth
Figure 1: Applicability of Analyzer begins in the Initial Rollout and continues throughout the lifecycle of
the network deployment
Analyzer is a powerful tool designed to help the RF engineer analyze data from scanner
and handset sources. It gives a detailed analysis during the whole drive route. From
missing neighbor to pilot pollution detection, the different embedded events give an
absolute advantage to the RF engineer in understanding the source of different problems.
Figure 2 depicts some of the major processes performed by engineering teams during the
initial rollout, immature buildout and mature growth phases; and indicates the key radiolink configuration tasks that are common across these processes. The following sections
provide an outline (plus additional details) of the processes and tasks typically performed
during those phases.
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R&D / Trials
& Planning
Initial
Rollout
Site Calibration
Initial Testing
Immature
Buildout
Mature
Growth
Initial Coverage
Analysis
Subscriber-Perceived
Performance
Processes
Radio Link
Performance
On-going
Optimization
Power
Measurements
Service
Coverage
Availability
Network
Growth
Site Integration
and
Optimization
Throughput
and Rates
Calculation
Scanner and
Drive Tests
Analysis
Phases
Event
Detections
Tasks
Benchmarking
Figure 2: Scanner and Drive tests analysis, Site Integration and Optimization are performed as part of
critical processes in the Initial Rollout, Immature Buildout and Mature Growth phases
Analyzer allows the user to focus on the following tasks for site integration and testing,
coverage analysis, troubleshooting and optimization:
The following sections describe the high-level capabilities of Analyzer for each of these
applications. Because Analyzer is based on an open architecture platformwhich includes
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user-definable query and open data import capabilitiesit may be used for many ad-hoc
troubleshooting and performance analysis tasks beyond those covered in this document.
The file summary report allows the engineer to have a quick look at the overall
performance during the entire drive test.
Embedded charts and graphs help to visualize key parameters like Ec/No or RSCP
in the active set.
Figure 3: Charts and graphs for UMTS site integration and infrastructure testing
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Analyzer provides these analyses of call sequence and call setup procedures:
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Automated report generation for quick visualization of call statistics such as drop
calls, access failures, call sustainability, etc.
Working with different sources of data to create homogeneous set of reports for
benchmarking
User-defined queries allowing easy access to different statistics
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Distant servers
Radio Link Performance Metrics available from Analyzer will include the following
attributes, depending on the specific vendor and specific source (handset or scanner):
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Feature Overview 12
3 Feature Overview
Analyzers flexibility allows it to be configured for a wide range of network performancedata analysis tasks.
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Feature Overview 13
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Feature Overview 14
a list of sector IDs included in the matrix, but not the actual neighbor list
a list of sector IDs included in the actual list but not in the matrix
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Feature Overview 15
C
Neighbour 2
D
Not a Neighbour
A
Best Server
B
Neighbour 1
Drive Test
Route
E
Excluded from Analysis
Figure 19: Cell A is the best server by CPICH Ec/Io. Cells B and C are within a user-specified threshold
of Cell As Ec/Io, and so are counted as potential neighbors of A. Cell D is not within the required
threshold and so is not counted as a prospective neighbor, nor is Cell E which did not have a
measurable signal contribution at this point in the drive test.
N/A
10
15
10
N/A
40
40
N/A
12
15
12
N/A
Table 1: A sample symmetric prospective neighbor array using sector IDs A, B, C, and D
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Feature Overview 16
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Feature Overview 17
Ec/Io measurements below a noise floor are filtered out of the data set prior to
analysis.
User definable binning is used to reduce the number of measurements points in
each bin to create one value per bin optionally, no binning at all can be applied
and the analysis will run on the full data set.
At each point along the drive test, CPICH Ec/Io data for each Scrambling Code is
used to assign SCs to an Active Set or a Pollution Set (please see the Emulated
Active Set Module section for more details).
The Pollution Set consists of all SCs that are not in the Active Set, and have a
CPICH Ec/Io within a user specified pollution threshold of the strongest CPICH
Ec/Io in the Active Set (see Figure 21).
Using the geographic information in the log file and the SC, the network element
database is searched to identify the Sector and Cell IDs of the SC.
A pollution array is created in memory which records the number of times each
sector ID is seen as a source of pilot pollution as shown in Table 2
All bins in the log file are then processed into the pollution matrix.
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Feature Overview 18
D
Pollution Source
C
Active Set
A
Active Set
B
Active Set
Drive Test
Route
E
Not a Pollution Source, or in
Active Set
Figure 21: Cell A, B and C are part of the Active Set, as determined by the Emulated Active Set
module. Cell D has a CPICH Ec/Io within a user-specified pollution threshold of the Active Sets best
server Ec/Io, and so is counted as a contributor to pilot pollution at this point in the drive test. Cell E
has a CPICH Ec/Io that is not within this threshold and so is not a pollution source.
Sector ID
Pollution
Count
150
45
12
Table 2: A sample pollution array indicating the number of points at which each sector caused pilot
pollution for sector IDs A, B, C, and D
Results are presented in the Pilot Pollution Analysis application report as shown in Figure
22. In addition, Pilot Pollution may be geographically analyzed for each SC by accessing
the Pollution_for_SC attribute in the workspace view.
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Feature Overview 19
Figure 22: The Pilot Pollution Analysis report indicates the worst interferers sorted by Scrambling Code
The Active Set of pilots is determined using the Emulated Active Set module
Using the geographic information in the log file and the SC, the network element
database is searched to identify the Sector and Cell IDs of the SC
Handoff state is calculated by determining the configuration of the sectors in the
Active Set as shown in Figure 23
All bins in the log file are then processed into the handoff state matrix
Reports showing the percentage of handoff state for each sector and for the total drive test
may then be calculated as shown in Figure 24.
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Single-sector
Feature Overview 20
3-way Softer
3 sectors
same node B
Softer
Soft
2 sectors
same node B
3-way soft
Soft-softer
2 sectors
same node B
Figure 23: The Handoff State Analysis examines Sector IDs involved in call at a given drive test point
and determines which of the above states applies, based on UMTS scanner data
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Feature Overview 21
Figure 24: A report showing the percentage of drive test in each handoff state for scanner data
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Feature Overview 22
Figure 25: Using Scanner Ec/Io measurements to implement 3GPP handoff algorithms for the Active
Set
Figure 26 shows the list of attributes available for modification by the user, as indicated in
the 3GPP specifications:
Figure 26: Setting 3GPP handoff algorithm attributes including Reporting Range: Hysteresis Event and
Time to Trigger Event
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Feature Overview 23
For any of these parameters, the module searches 5 seconds before the first RRC
Connection Request for the specific details. If it cannot find the parameters during those 5
seconds, the value No Data is shown.
Figure 27 shows a typical analysis executed by the CPICH before RRC Connection Request
module. For the engineer, it is an easy way to look at the conditions before the call started
and the end result.
Figure 27: Example of a log file analyzed by the CPICH before RRC Connection Request module
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Feature Overview 24
Site ID of the active site when the call ended or dropped (attribute ServingCellid)
Figure 28 shows a typical analysis executed by the CPICH before call end or drop module.
For the engineer, it is an easy way to look at the conditions right before the call ended.
Figure 28: Example of a log file analyzed by the CPICH before call end or drop module
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Feature Overview 25
Call Identification
Site ID of the most common active site (site associated with the scrambling code
of the first finger in the active set)
Site ID of the most common monitored site (site associated with the scrambling
code of the first finger in the monitored set)
Figure 29 shows a typical analysis executed by the CPICH during call module. For the
engineer, it is an easy way to look at the average conditions during the call.
Figure 29: Example of a log file analyzed by the CPICH during call module
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Feature Overview 26
Call Identification
Figure 30 shows a typical analysis executed by the CPICH after call end or drop module.
For the engineer, it is an easy way to look at the conditions right after the call ended.
Figure 30: Example of a log file analyzed by the CPICH after call end or drop module
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Feature Overview 27
CC Setup
CC Call Proceeding
MM CM Service Accept
Authentication Request
CC Alert
Authentication Accept
CC Connect
If all messages are received properly, the call is a success. If it fails to reach the CC
Connect, it should be pegged as a call failure and this module should give the reason for it.
Refer to section 3.2 Event Definitions for more details.
Figure 31 shows a typical analysis executed by the call setup status module.
Figure 31: Example of a log file analyzed by the call setup status module
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Feature Overview 28
Figure 32: Example of a log file analyzed by the call sequence analysis module
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Feature Overview 29
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Feature Overview 30
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Feature Overview 31
Figure 35: Example of a log file analyzed by the call timing analysis module
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Feature Overview 32
Coverage:
Good: RSCP > -80 dBm
Fair: -80 dBm >= RSCP >= -95 dBm
Poor: -95 dBm > RSCP
Quality:
Good: Ec/Io > -8 dB
Fair: -8 dB >= Ec/Io >= -15 dB
Poor: -15 dB > Ec/Io
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Feature Overview 33
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Feature Overview 34
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Feature Overview 35
Also, it reports the number of completion for each of those events and calculates a
percentage of success.
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Feature Overview 36
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Feature Overview 37
3.3 Filters
Filters can be added to Analyzer to implement task or application-specific functionality.
Analyzer includes the following pre-defined filters:
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Feature Overview 38
3.4 Stateforms
Stateforms can be added to Analyzer to implement task or application-specific
functionality. Analyzer includes the following stateforms:
Navigator
UMTS Throughput
UMTS Voice
Event Navigator
GPRS_PDPContextAct_Successful
GPRS_PDPContextDeact_Successful
GPRS_Attach_Successful
GPRS_Detach_Successful
GPRS_PDPContextAct_Failure
GPRS_RAU_Successful
Event_Task_Start
While keeping track of the current SC in the active set. Figure 42 shows an example of
those different events at different moments in time with the track at the top showing the
SC.
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Feature Overview 39
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Feature Overview 40
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Feature Overview 41
Global RSSI
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Feature Overview 42
It is a very quick way for the engineer to follow the active and monitored sets. Using the
replay tool, the engineer can follow the drive test and analyze very quickly any particular
events.
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Feature Overview 43
Paging
In Call
Security Complete
CC Setup
Authentication Request
Authentication Response
CC Call Proceeding
Init
RAB Setup
Idle
RAB Complete
Channel Reconfig
GSM Mode
LAC
RAC
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Feature Overview 44
EcNo Uu_ActiveSet_EcNo
RSSI UTRA_UE_CarrierRSSI
TxPower UE_TxPow
SIR Uu_SIR
SIR_Target Uu_TargetSIR
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Feature Overview 45
TxPower
RSSI
SIR
SIR Target
UTRA_ARFCN_DL
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Feature Overview 46
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Feature Overview 47
Uu_OutgoingCallOK
Uu_IncomingCallOK
Uu_OutgoingCallSetupFail
Uu_IncomingCallSetupFail
Uu_CallDropped
Uu_CallCompleted
While keeping track of the current SC in the active set. Figure 51 shows an example of
those different events at different moments in time with the colored track at the top
showing the SC.
Figure 52: Example of a log file analyzed by the UMTS Voice Event Navigator Stateform
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Feature Overview 48
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