BAB 4 KOMPOSISI KIMIA DALAM SEL

4.1 KOMPOSISI KIMIA DALAM SEL

SPM 2005, SOALAN 4
1. The main components of a plant cell membrane are
Komponen utama membran sel tumbuhan ialah
A lipid and carbohydrate
lipid dan karbohidrat
B protein and carbohydrate
protein dan karbohidrat
C protein and lipid
protein dan lipid
D protein, lipid and carbohydrate
protein, lipid dan karbohidrat
4.2 KARBOHIDRAT
SPM 2008 SOALAN 8
2. Maklumat berikut menunjukkan molekul kanji melalui proses X. Apakah
proses X?

A
Fotosintesis
C Kondensasi

B Pempolimeran
D Hidrolisis

3
Diagram 8 shows the process of formation of a disaccharide molecule. What
is process X?
Rajah 8 menunjukkan proses pembentukan molekul disakarida. Apakah

proses X?

A Dialysis
Dialisis
C Hydrolysis
Hidrolisis

B Condensation
Kondensasi
D Assimilation
Asimilasi

SPM 2011, SOALAN 10

4 Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah polisakarida?
A Cellulose
B Fructose
Selulosa
Fruktosa

C Sukrose
Sukrosa

D Glucose
Glukosa

4.3 PROTEIN
SPM 2009, SOALAN 10
5

Which of the following represents the hydolysis of protein?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili hidrolisis protein?
A Polypeptides
water + dipeptides
Polipeptida
air + dipeptida
A Dipeptides
water + polypeptides
Dipeptida
air + polipeptida
C Dipeptides + water
polypeptides
Dipeptida + air
polipeptida
D Polypeptides +
water
dipeptides
Polipeptida + air
dipeptida

Diagram 4 shows the structure of a protein molecule. Which is the level of

organisation of this protein?
Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur molekul protein. Apakah aras organisasi
protein ini?

A
C

Primary
Primer
Tertiary
Tertier

B Secondary
Sekunder
D Quaternary
Kuartener

4.4 LIPID
SPM 2007, SOALAN 6
7

Table 1 shows the elements found in the food classes X and Y.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam kelas makanan X

dan Y.

Table 1
Jadual 1

Food class X
Kelas makanan X
Carbohydrate/ karbohidrat

Food class Y
Kelas makanan Y
Lipid

B
C
D

Lipid
Protein
Protein

Protein
Carbohydrate/ karbohidrat
Lipid

4.5 ENZIM
SPM 2005, SOALAN 3
8.

The figure shows the breaking down of a complex molecule by an enzyme.

Which of the molecules A, B, C or D, represents the substrate?
Rajah menunjukkan proses penguraian molekul kompleks oleh enzim.
Antara molekul A, B, C dan D, yang manakah mewakili substrat?

9.

The graph shows the optimum pH of an enzyme Y in its reaction.

Graf menunjukkan pH optimum satu enzim Y dalam tindak balasnya.

Enzyme Y
is
Enzim Y
ialah
A salivary
amylase
B pepsin
amilase
liur
pepsin
C
trypsin
D rennin
tripsin
renin
10 Diagram 3 shows the rate of enzyme hydrolysis reactions, R and S, in the
human body.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan kadar tindak balas enzim hidrolisis R dan S dalam
badan manusia.

Which of
about enzymes

the following is true

R and S?

A
B
C
D

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang enzim R dan S?

Enzyme R
Enzyme S
Enzim R
Enzim S
Secreted in the stomach
Secreted into the duodenum
Dirembes di dalam perut
Dirembes ke dalam duoenum
The active site changes at pH
The active site changes at pH more
more than 4
than 7
Tapak aktif berubah pada pH
Tapak aktif berubah pada pH lebih
lebih daripada 4
daripada 7
R is trypsin
S is lipase
R ialah tripsin
S ialah lipase
Synthesized in the rough
Synthesized in the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum
Disintesiskan dalam jalinan
Disintesiskan dalam jalinan
endoplasma kasar
endoplasma licin

SPM 2006, SOALAN 16

11

Which of the following is true about the enzyme and its function?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang jenis enzim dan
fungsinya?

SPM 2007, SOALAN 7

12

Diagram 4 shows the structures of a substrate and an enzyme.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur substrat dan enzim.

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C or D is the active site?

Antara A, B, C dan D, yang manakah tapak aktif?

SPM 2008 SOALAN 6

13

Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the relationship between the rate of

reaction and the substrate concentration when factor Y is varied.
Rajah 4 ialah graf yang menunjukkan perhubungan antara kadar tindak
balas dan kepekatan substrat apabila faktor Y diubah.

What is factor Y?
Apakah faktor Y?
A
C

pH
pH
Inhibitor
Perencat

Time
Masa
D Enzyme concentration
Kepekatan enzim

SPM 2006, SOALAN 7

14

Diagram 5 shows the mechanism of enzyme action.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan mekanisma tindakan enzim.

Which of the following can be deduced from Diagram 5?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah kesimpulan daripada Rajah 5?
I
II
III
IV

Enzyme action is specific

Tindakan enzim adalah spesifik
Enzyme reaction is reversible
Tindakan enzim adalah berbalik
Enzyme is not destroyed at the end of the reaction
Enzim tidak dimusnahkan pads akhir tindak balas
Optimum temperature for enzyme reaction is 40C
Suhu optimum untuk tindakan enzim ialah 40C

A
B
C
D

I and II
I dan 11
I and III
I dan III
II and IV
II dan IV
III and IV
III dan IV

SPM 2009 SOALAN 7

15

Diagram 6 shows organelles P, Q and R that are involved in the synthesis

and secretion of an extracellular enzyme. The process begins at DNA.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan organel P, Q dan R yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan
rembesan enzim luar sel. Proses ini bermula di DNA.

Which sequence is correct in the production of the extracellular enzyme?

Urutan manakah yang betul dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel?
A
B
C
D

PQR
QPR
R Q P
RPQ

SPM 2010, SOALAN 6

16

What is the optimum temperature for enzyme reactions in the human body?
Apakah suhu optimum bagi tindak balas enzim dalam badan manusia?
A
C

27C
37C

B
D

30C
40C

SPM 2010, SOALAN 7

17

Diagram 5 shows the 'lock and key' hypothesis of enzyme action.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan hipotesis 'mangga dan kunci' bagi tindakan enzim.

What are P, Q and R?

Apakah P, Q dan R?

SPM 2010, SOALAN 8

18

Diagram 6 shows an experiment to study the action of pepsin on protein.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindakan pepsin ke
atas protein

The
contents of the test tube are
mixture of 2 ml of albumen suspension which has been boiled and cooled. 1 ml
of 1% pepsin solution and four drops of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The albumen
suspension turns clear after 30 minutes.
Which step is able to reduce the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn
clear?
Kandungan dalam tabung uji itu ialah campuran 2 ml ampaian albumen yang
telah dididihkan dan disejukkan, 1 ml 1% larutan pepsin dan empat titis 0.1 M
asid hidroklorik. Ampaian albumen menjadi jernih selepas 30 minit. Langkah
manakah yang dapat mengurangkan masa yang diambil oleh ampaian albumen
untuk menjadi jernih.,
A
B
C
D

Reduce the volume of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to two drops

Kurangkan isi padu 0.1 M asid hidroklorik kepada dua titis
Reduce the temperature of water bath to 30C
Kurangkan suhu kukus air kepada 30C
Increase the volume of 1% pepsin solution to 2 ml
Tingkatkan isi padu 1% larutan pepsin kepada 2 mf
Increase the volume of albumen suspension to 4 ml
Tingkatkan isi padu ampaian albumen kepada 4 ml

SPM 2010, SOALAN 9

19

Diagram 7 shows structure P in a cell which is involved in producing

extracellular enzymes. Rajah 7 menunjukkan struktur P dalam suatu sel
yang terlibat dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel.

What
the
gagal
A
B
C
D

will happen if structure P fails to fuse with

Golgi apparatus?
Apakah yang akan berlaku jika struktur P
bercantum dengan jasad Golgi?

Proteins are not synthesised

Protein tidak disintesis
Proteins are not modified
Protein tidak diubahsuai
Proteins are denatured
Protein dinyahaslikan
Protein are hydrolysed
Protein dihidrolisiskan

SPM 2011, SOALAN 11

20. Diagram 5 shows two shirts, P and Q, that were stained with butter. The
shirts were washed with washing powder that contains enzyme X at
different temperatures.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua helai baju, P dan Q, yang dikotori oleh mentega.
Baju-baju tersebut dicuci dengan serbuk pencuci yang mengandungi enzim
X pada suhu yang berbeza.

What is enzyme X and the possible temperatures that were used for P and
Q?
Apakah enzim X dan suhu yang mungkin telah digunakan untuk P dan Q?

JAWAPAN
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