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SESSION 3
session
Geometry
Lines and Angles (p. 4142)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
30
50
120
45
36
50
C
1. 30
When parallel lines are crossed by a transversal, and the
transversal is not perpendicular to either line it crosses, all
the acute angles are equal, all the obtuse angles are equal,
and the sum of an acute angle and an obtuse angle is 180
degrees.
In this question, one obtuse angle has a measure of 150
degrees, and one acute angle has a measure of b degrees.
We can write the equation b 1 150 5 180. Subtracting 150
from both sides, we have b 5 30.
2. 50
4. 45
The sum of the angles making up a straight line is 180.
Here, 135 1 z 5 180. Subtracting 135 from both sides,
z545.
5. 36
The sum of the angles making up a straight line is 180.
Here, 3y 1 2y 5 180. Lets solve this equation for y.
Combining the y-terms on the left side, we have 5y 5 180.
Dividing both sides by 5, we have y 5 36.
6. 50
The sum of the measures of the angles around a point
is 360. Here, 110 1 80 1 60 1 60 1 x 5 360. Adding
the numbers on the left side, we have 310 1 x 5 360.
Subtracting 310 from both sides, we have x 5 50.
7. (C)
The sum of the angles making up a straight line is 180
degrees. Here, the sum of the measures of angles AFB, BFC,
and CFD is 180 degrees. The measure of angle AFB is 40,
the measure of angle BFC is 90, and the measure of angle
CFD is x. We can write the equation 40 1 90 1 x 5 180.
Lets solve for x. Adding the numbers of the left side, we
have 130 1 x 5 180. Subtracting 130 from both sides,
we have x 5 50. Choice (C) is correct.
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5. 14
The area of any triangle is _12times base times height. One
base of this triangle is 7. The height drawn to this base
is4. Therefore, the area of this triangle is _123 7 3 4 5
2 3 75 14.
6. 24
The area of any triangle is _12times base times height. Here
we have a right triangle. The area of a right triangle is
_123 leg13 leg2because one leg can be considered to
bethe base and the other leg can be considered to be the
height. Here we can say that the leg of length 8 is the base
and the leg of length 6 is the height drawn to that base.
Thus, the area of the triangle is _123 8 3 6 5 4 3 6 5 24.
7. 14
The area of any triangle is _12times base times height. One
base of this triangle is CB, which is 7. The height drawn to
this base is 4. Even though the height drawn to this base
meets the base at a point that is on the extension of the
base, this is still a height of the triangle. Therefore, the
area of this triangle is _123 7 3 4 5 2 3 7 5 14.
8. 6
The area of any triangle is _12times base times height. Here
we have a right triangle. The area of a right triangle is
_123 leg13 leg2because one leg can be considered to be
the base and the other leg can be considered to be the
height. We know that one leg of this right triangle is 4. This
triangle is a special 3-4-5 right triangle. Thus, the other leg
of the right triangle is 3. The area of this right triangle is
_123 4 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 6.
9. (A)
The sum of the measures of the three interior angles of
any triangle is 180. The measures of the three interior
angles of the triangle in this question are y, x, and 30.
We can write the equation y 1 x 1 30 5 180. Lets solve
this equation for x in terms of y. Subtracting 30 from both
sides, we have y 1 x 5 150. Subtracting y from both sides,
we have x 5 150 2 y. Choice (A) is correct.
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3. 2 2
4. 3 _
5. 3_
2
6. 4 2
7. 2
8. 5
9. D
5. 3 2
1. 40
We could use the Pythagorean theorem to fond the value
of b. However, there is a quicker way to solve this question.
This triangle is a multiple of the special 3-4-5 right
triangle. For the hypotenuse of length 50, we have that
5051035. For the leg of length 30, we have that
30 5 10 3 3. Thus, b 5 10 3 4 5 40.
_
2. 5
Lets use the Pythagorean theorem to find x, which is the
length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. We have x2_5
121 22 ,_x2 5 1 1 4, and x2 5 5. If x2 5 5, then x 5_
5or
x 5 2 5. Since lengths cannot be negative, x 5
5.
_
3. 2 2
Lets use the Pythagorean theorem to find y, which is the
length of a leg of right triangle. We have that 12 1
y2 5
_
32, 1_1 y2 5 9, and y2 5 8. If y2 5 8, then y 5_8or y 5
2 8. Since lengths cannot be negative, y 5
8.
6. 4 2
One interior angle of this triangle is a right angle of 90.
Another interior angle of this triangle has a measure of 45.
The sum of the three interior angles of any triangle is 180.
So the third interior angle of this triangle has a measure
of 180 2 90 2 45 5 45. We have a 45-45-90 right
triangle. That is, we have an isosceles right triangle. So the
length of the unmarked leg of this right triangle is 4.
We could use the Pythagorean theorem to find x, which
is the length of the hypotenuse of the right triangle.
However, there is a quicker way to find x. The leg to leg to
hypotenuse
ratio in an isosceles right triangle is x to x to
_
x 2. In this question, each leg of the right triangle_has a
length of
4. So the length of the hypotenuse is 4 2. Thus,
_
x 5 4 2.
says
that
if
a
0
and
b
0,
then
ab
5 a b. Then
_
___
_
_
_
85
_4 3 2
5
43
25 2 2. Thus, we can say that
y 5 2 2.
4. 3
We want the value of z, which is a leg of the right triangle
whose other leg has a length of 4. If we knew the
hypotenuse of this right triangle, we could find the value of
z. Now the hypotenuse of the right triangle whose legs have
lengths of z and 4 is also a leg of the right triangle with one
leg of length 12 and a hypotenuse of length 13. We could
use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the other
leg of the larger right triangle. However, there is a quicker
way to find the length of this leg. The larger right triangle is
a special 5-12-13 right triangle. Thus, the length of this leg
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7. 2
One interior angle of this triangle is a right angle of 90.
Another interior angle of this triangle has a measure of 60.
The sum of the three interior angles of any triangle is 180.
So the third interior angle of this triangle has a measure
of 180 2 90 2 60 5 30. We have a 30-60-90 right
triangle.
We could use the Pythagorean theorem to find b, which
is the length of the one of the legs of the right triangle.
However, there is a quicker way to find b. The leg to leg_to
hypotenuse ratio in a 30-60-90 right triangle x to x 3to
2x. In this question, the_leg opposite the angle of measure
60 has a length of 2 3. So the
_ length of the leg opposite
2 3
the angle of measure 30 is ____
_35 2.
8. 5
One interior angle of this triangle is a right angle of 90.
Another interior angle of this triangle has a measure of 30.
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12. ____
4
13. B
7. 16p
The area A of a circle with a radius r is given by the formula
A 5 pr2. The circumference of this circle is 8p. The
circumference C of a circle is related to its radius by the
formula C 5 2pr. Since the circumference of this circle is
8p, we can say that 8p 5 2pr. Then r 5 __
8
25 4. Since r 5
2
4, the area of this circle is p(4 ) 5 p(16) 5 16p.
8. 14
The diameter of a circle is twice the radius. Lets find
the radius of the circle. Then we will be able to find the
diameter. The area of a circle with a radius r is pr2 .
Since the area of this circle is 49p, pr25 49p. Dividing
both sides of this equation by p, r25 49. If r2 5 49, then
r 5 7 or r 5 27. Since a radius cannot be negative, the
radius of the circle is 7. The diameter of a circle is twice the
radius. So the diameter of this circle is 2(7) 5 14.
1. 8p
9. 2p
2. _34
The circumference C of a circle is related to its diameter d
3
3
__
_3
by C 5 pd. Here d 5 __
4
. Then C 5 pd 5 (4)5 4.
10. p
3. _4
7
)5 12p 3 __
12
5 p.
5. 64p
11. 6p
4. _12
pr2 .
The radius of
The area of a circle with a radius r is
this circle is 8. Therefore, the area of this circle is p(82 ) 5
p(64) 5 64p.
6. 36p
The area of a circle with a radius r is pr2. The diameter of
this circle is 12. The diameter of a circle is always twice
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15
12. ___
4
150
4 30
5
45
______
__
__
150
5 p(9) 3 (
5 9p 3 (12) 5 12 5
p(32 ) 3 (___
360 )
360 4 30 )
15
___
13. (B)
The length of an arc of a circle with a radius r that is
intercepted by a central angle whose measure is n degrees
Length of arc
n
n
is Circumference 3 (___
360
)5 2r 3 (___
360
). Then _________
5
Circumference
Length of arc
n
_________
_1
360
). In this question,
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5 4. Thus, ST 5 4.
2
8. 12
Each interior angle of a rectangle has a measure of 90
degrees. Therefore, in this question, triangle ABC is a right
triangle. We could use the Pythagorean theorem to find
the value of b. which is the length of leg BC of this right
triangle. However, there is a quicker way to solve this
question. Triangle ABC is a special 5-12-13 right triangle.
Therefore, the length of side AC is 12. That is, b 5 12.
9. (A)
Since the length of rectangle A is one-half of the length of
rectangle B and the width of rectangle A is one-half of the
width of rectangle B, lets say that the length of rectangleA
is x and the width of rectangle A is y. Then the length of
rectangle B is 2x and the width of rectangle B is 2y. The
area of a rectangle is length times width. The area of
rectangle A is xy. The area of rectangle B is (2x)(2y) 5 4xy.
Here is what we now have.
The area of rectangle A is xy.
The area of rectangle B is 4xy.
The ratio of the area of rectangle A to the area of
xy
rectangleB is ___
4xy5 _14. Choice (A) is correct.
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1. 40
2. 4
3. 36
4. 2
5. E
1. 40
The perimeter of a square is 4 times the length of a side.
We need the length of a side of the square in order to find
its perimeter. A side of the square is a diameter of the
circle. Since the diameter of a circle is twice its radius,
if we can find the radius of the circle, we can find its
diameter. The area of a circle with a radius r is pr2 . The
area of this circle is 25p. So we can say that pr25 25p.
Dividing both sides by p, we have that r25 25. If r2 5 25,
then r 5 5 or r 5 25. Since a radius cannot be negative,
r 5 5. The diameter of a circle is twice its radius. The
radius of this circle is 5, so the diameter of this circle is 10.
Therefore, a side of the square is 10. Then the perimeter of
the square is 4 3 10 5 40.
2. 4p
The area of a square is its side squared. The area of this
square is 16, so s25 16. Then s 5 4 or s524. Since
lengths cannot be negative, s 5 4. Thus, the length of each
side of the square is 4. A side of the square is equal in
length to the diameter of the circle. Therefore, the diameter
of the circle is 4. The diameter of a circle is twice the
radius. Therefore, the radius of the circle is _425 2. The area
of a circle with a radius r is pr2. The area of this circle is
p(22) 5 p(4) 5 4p.
3. 36
The circumference C of a circle is related to its diameter d
by the formula C 5 pd. The circumference of this circle is
6p. Thus, pd 5 6p. Dividing both sides by p, we have that
d 5 6. Thus, the diameter of this circle is 6. The diameter
of the circle is equal to a side of the square. Therefore,
a side of the square is 6. The area of a square is its side
squared. The area of this square is 62 5 36.
2
A
____
5
2. The area of a _
circle with a radius
r_is pr2 . The
2
_
2
area of this circle is p(
2) 5 p 3
23
25 2p.
5. (E)
The area of a sector of a circle with a radius r that has
a central angle whose measure is n degrees is (Area of
n
n
360
)5 r2 3 (___
360
).
circle)3 (___
If we say that the degree measures of the central angles of
the shaded regions are x, y, and z, respectively, then the
x
sum of the areas of the shaded regions is pr2 3 (___
360
)1
z
x
z
___
___
360 )1 pr2 3 (___
360
)5 pr2 3 (___
360
1 1
5
pr2 3 (___
360
360 )
y
(x 1 y 1 z )
4. 2p
The area of a square is its side squared. Here s2 5 4. So
s 5 2 or s 5 22. Since lengths cannot be negative, s 5 2.
The length of a side of the square is 2. Lets redraw the
picture for this exercise, indicating that a side of the
square is 2 and adding a diagonal of the square.
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5. V 5 432p, SA 5 216p
The volume V of a right circular cylinder with a radius r and
a height h is given by the formula V 5 pr2h. The volume of
a right circular cylinder with a height h of 12 and a radius r
of 6 is p(62)(12) 5 p(36)(12) 5 p(432) 5 432p. Note that
in this exercise, the height is mentioned before the radius.
It is important to read questions carefully.
The total surface area SA of a right circular cylinder is given
by the formula SA 5 2pr2 1 2prh. The total surface area of
a right circular cylinder with a height h of 12 and a radius
r of 6 is 2p(62) 1 2p(6)(12) 5 2p(36) 1 2p(72) 5 72p 1
144p 5 216p.
6. (E)
The diameter of the largest sphere that can be placed
inside a cube is equal to an edge of the cube. The volume
of a cube with an edge of length e ise3. Since the volume
of this cube is 64, e35 64. So e 5 4. Thus, the edge of
the cube is 4. Therefore the diameter of the largest sphere
that can be placed inside the cube is 4. The diameter of
a sphere is twice the radius. So the radius of the largest
sphere that can be placed inside the cube is _425 2. Choice
(E) is correct.
4. V 5 2 2, SA 5 12
The volume V of a cube with an edge of length e is given by
the formula V _
5 e3. The
volume
of a_cube with an
edge _
of
_
_
_
length 6 is ( 2)35
23
23
25 2 3
25 2 2.
The total surface area SA of a cube with an edge of length e
is given by the formula SA 5 6e2_. The total
surface area
of
_
_
a cube
with
an
edge
of
length
2
is 6( 2)2
5
6
3
2
3
_
25 6 3 2 5 12.
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4. m is undefined, x 5 24
The slope m of a line going through two points is given
Dy
, where Dy means the change in
by the formula m 5 __
Dx
y and Dx means the change in x. The slope of the line
goingthrough the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is given by
y2 2 y1
Dy
_____
m5 __
5 x 2 x
.
Dx
1
2
1
2
_____
x 2 x
__
Dx
1
Dy
The slope of the line going through the points A(23, 1) and
0
121
____
_0
5 3 13
5 5 0.
B(3, 1) is m 5 ______
6
3 2 (23)
Since both of the points A(23, 1) and B(3, 1) have a
y-coordinate of 1, every point on the line must have a
y-coordinate of 1. Therefore, the equation of the line going
through the points A(23, 1) and B(3, 1) is y 5 1.
2. m is undefined, x 5 1
The slope m of a line going through two points is given
Dy
by the formula m 5 __
, where Dy means the change in
Dx
y and Dx means the change in x. The slope of the line
goingthrough the points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is given by
y2 2 y1
Dy
_____
m5 __
5 x 2 x
.
Dx
1
2
The slope of the line going through the points A(24, 21)
25
26
11
_____
___
5 24 1 4
5 0 . The slope
and B(24, 26) is m 5 _______
24 2 (24)
26 2(21)
.
Dx
1
2
The slope of the line going through the points A(0, 1) and
21
_4
B(4, 5) is m 5 5____
5 4 5 1.
4 2 0
3. m 5 _34, y 5 _34x
6. (D)
5 4____
5 _60.
______
1 2 1
0
The slope is
and B(1, 22) is m 5
undefined. (Whenever a line is parallel to the y-axis, the
slope is undefined.)
.
Dx
1
2
The slope of the line going through the points A(0, 0) and
20
_3
B(4, 3) is m 5 3____
5 4.
4 2 0
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P(3, 3)
(3, 3)
(3, 3)
(3, 3)
leg to hypotenuse
ratio
is
1
to
1
to
2
.Since PQ 5 3,
_
_
OP 5 23 3 5 3 2. Now OP is a_radius of the circle.
Thus, the radius of the circle is 3 2. The area of a circle
with a radius
r is pr2_. The area
of the circle_in this
question
_
_
_
2
is p(3 2) 5 p(3 2)(3 2) 5 p(3)(3)( 2)( 2) 5
p(9)(2) 5 18p. Choice (D) is correct.
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