Coming Soon1 Math Refresher Explanations

ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
SESSION 1
session
Arithmetic
7. (C)
Integers (p. 3)
Each odd integer is 2 more than the previous odd integer.

The next greater odd integer right after 3x 1 10 is (3x 1
10) 1 2. We have (3x 1 10) 1 2 5 3x 1 10 1 2 5 3x 1
12. None of the answer choices is written as 3x 1 12.
Lets factor 3 out of 3x 1 12. We have 3x 1 12 5 3(x 1 4).
Choice (C) is correct.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2, 6
1, 7, 9
30, 23, 0, 6, 14
53, 59, 61, 67, & 71
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
2
C
The odd integers are the integers... 27, 25, 23, 21, 1,
3, 5, 7,....
1. 2, 6
An integer is even if and only if it is divisible by 2. The
digits that are even in the number 27,536 are 2 and 6.
2. 1, 7, 9
An integer is odd if and only if it is not divisible by 2. The
digits that are odd in the number 162,479 are 1, 7, and 9.
3. 230, 223, 0, 6, 14
Arranging the numbers 14, 223, 0, 230, 6 in increasing
order, we have 230, 223, 0, 6, 14.
4. 53, 59, 61, 67, 71
A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 whose
only positive integer factors are 1 and the integer itself. The
first 4 prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, and 7. Another example
of a prime number is 17. The first five prime numbers
greater than 50 are 53, 59, 61, 67, and 71.
5. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
An integer is even if and only if it is divisible by 2. The first
six consecutive positive, even integers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,
and 12.
6. 2
A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 whose
only positive integer factors are 1 and the integer itself. The
smallest prime number is 2.
Lets note that 2 is the only even prime number.
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a n s w e r s a n d e x p l a n at i o n s
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session
Factors, Multiples, and

Remainders (p. 5)
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
2. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
3. 1, 11, 121
4. 1, 2, 7, 11, 14, 22, 77, 154
5. 6, 12, 18, 24, 30
6. 13, 26, 39, 52, 65
7. 25, 50, 75, 100, 125
8. 110, 220, 330, 440, 550
9. 3
10. 1
11. 2
12. 1
13. D
45 5 1 3 45. After 1, the next greater positive integer

factor of 45 is 3: 455 3 3 15. After 3, the next greater
positive integer factor of 45 is 5: 45 5 5 3 9. We only
have to test in this manner up to the (integer closest to
the) positive square root of 45; in this case, we only have
to test up to 6, since 7 is too large. We know that we
have found all the pairs by starting with the first factor
being 1 and then, each time, finding the next larger first
factor. To be sure, after 45, the next larger positive integer
factor of 45 is 9: 45 5 9 3 5. However, we have already
listed 45 5 5 3 9. Here are the different pairs of positive
integers whose product is 45.
45 5 1 3 45
45 5 3 3 15
45 5 5 3 9
We can list all the positive integer factors of 45: 1, 3, 5, 9,
15, 45.
3. 1, 11, 121
1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product is
36. We will systematically list these positive integer factors
so that the first positive integer factor in the products will
be increasing. Lets start with the factor 1 of 36. We have
36 5 1 3 36. After 1, the next positive integer factor of
36 is 2. We have 36 5 2 3 18. After 2, the next positive
integer factor of 36 is 3. We have 36 5 3 3 12. After 3, the
next positive integer factor of 36 is 4: 36 5 4 3 9. After
4, the next positive integer factor of 36 is 6: 36 5 6 3 6.
Notice that 6 is the positive square root of 36. We only
have to test in this manner up to the positive square root
of 36. We know that we have found all the pairs by starting
with the first factor being 1 and then, each time, finding
the next larger first factor. To be sure, after 6, the next
greater positive integer factor of 36 is 9, and 36 5 9 3 4.
However, we have already listed 36 5 4 3 9. Here are the
different pairs of positive integers whose product is 36.
36 5 1 3 36
36 5 2 3 18
121 5 1 3 121
121 5 11 3 11
We can list all the positive integer factors of 121: 1, 11,
121.
36 5 3 3 12
4. 1, 2, 7, 11, 14, 22, 77, 154
36 5 4 3 9
Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product

is 154. We will systematically list these positive integer
factors so that the first positive integer factor in the
products will be increasing. Lets start with the factor 1
of 154. We have 154 5 1 3 154. After 1, the next greater
positive integer factor of 154 is 2: 154 5 2 3 77. After 2,
the next greater positive integer factor of 154 is 7: 154 5
7 3 22. After 7, the next greater positive integer factor
of 154 is 11: 154 5 11 314. We only have to test in this
manner up to the positive square root of 154; in this case,
we only have to test up to 12, since 13 is too large, and
36 5 6 3 6
All the positive integer factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12,
18,36.
2. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product is
36. We will systematically list these positive integer factors
so that the first positive integer factor in the products will
be increasing. Lets start with the factor 1 of 45. We have
Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product

is 121. We will systematically list these positive integer
factors so that the first positive integer factor in the
products will be increasing. Lets start with the factor 1
of 121. We have 121 5 1 3 121. After 1, the next greater
positive integer factor of 121 is 11: 121 5 11 3 11. Notice
that 11 is the positive square root of 121. We only have
to test in this manner up to the positive square root of
121. We know that we have found all the pairs by starting
with the first factor being 1 and then, each time, finding
the next larger first factor. To be sure, after 11, the next
greater positive integer factor of 121 is 121: 121 5 121 3
1. However, we have already listed 121 5 1 3 121. Here
are the different pairs of positive integers whose product
is 121.
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session
12 is not a factor of 154. We know that we have found all

the pairs by starting with the first factor being 1 and then,
each time, finding the next larger first factor. To be sure,
after 11, the next greater positive integer factor of 154 is
14: 154 5 14 3 11. However, we have already listed 154
5 11 3 14. Here are the different pairs of positive integers
whose product is 154.
154 5 1 3 154
154 5 2 3 77
154 5 7 3 22
154 5 11 3 14
We can list all the positive integer factors of 154: 1, 2, 7,
11, 14, 22, 77, and 154.
We see that when 68 is divided by 5, the quotient is 13

and the remainder is 3.
We can check that our long division and answer are correct
by verifying that 68 5 13 3 5 1 3.
10. 1
Lets divide 93 by 4 using long division.
23
4 93
28
_
13
_
2
12
1
5. 6, 12, 18, 24, 30

The first 5 multiples of 6 are 1 3 6, 2 3 6, 3 3 6, 4 3 6,

and 5 3 6.
Now 1 3 6 5 6, 2 3 6 5 12, 3 3 6 5 18, 4 3 6 5 24, and

5 3 6 5 30. Thus, the first 5 multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18,
24, and 30.
6. 13, 26, 39, 52, 65
The first 5 multiples of 13 are 1 3 13, 2 3 13, 3 3 13, 4 3
13, and 5 3 13.
Now 1 3 13 5 13, 2 3 13 5 26, 3 3 13 5 39, 4 3 13 5
52, and 5 3 13 5 65. Thus, the first 5 multiples of 13 are
13, 26, 39, 52, and 65.
7. 25, 50, 75, 100, 125
The first 5 multiples of 25 are 1 3 25, 2 3 25, 3 3 25, 4 3
25, and 5 3 25.
Now 1 3 25 5 25, 2 3 25 5 50, 3 3 25 5 75, 4 3 25 5
100, and 5 3 25 5 125. Thus, the first 5 multiples of 25
are 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125.
8. 110, 220, 330, 440, 550
The first 5 multiples of 110 are 1 3 110, 2 3 110, 3 3
110, 4 3 110, and 5 3 110.
Now 1 3 110 5 110, 2 3 110 5 220, 3 3 110 5 330, 4 3
110 5 440, and 5 3 110 5 550. Thus, the first 5 multiples
of 110 are 110, 220, 330, 440, and 550.
9. 3
13
5 68
25
_
18
_
2
15
3
66
11. 2
54
3 164
_
2
15
14
_
2
12
2
12. 1
32
7 225
_
2
21
15
_
2
14
1
13. (D)
Lets test each answer choice to see whether or not it is a
factor of 168. The correct answer choice will be the choice
that is NOT a factor of 168.
Choice (A) is 21. Because 168 4 21 is 8 with no remainder,
21 is a factor of 168. Discard choice (A).
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session
Choice (B) is 24. Because 168 4 24 is 7 with no remainder,

24 is a factor of 168. Discard choice (B).
Choice (C) is 28. Because 168 4 28 is 6 with no remainder,
28 is a factor of 168. Discard choice (C).
Choice (D) is 32. Because 168 4 32 is 5 with a remainder
of 8, 32 is not a factor of 168. Choice (D) is correct.
At this point, we can move on to the next question. For the
sake of the discussion, though, lets look at choice (E).
Choice (E) is 42. Because 168 4 42 is 4 with no remainder,
42 is a factor of 168. Discard choice (E).
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session
Divisibility Rules (p. 7)

1. 1,662
2. 324
3. 252
4. 310
5. 315
6. E
1. 1,662
An integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its
digits is divisible by 3. lets look at each number.
Lets consider 241. The sum of the digits of 241 is 2 1 4 1
1 5 7. Now 7 divided by 3 is 2 with a remainder of 1.
Because the remainder is not 0, 7 is not divisible by 3, and
241 is not divisible by 3.
Lets consider 1,662. The sum of the digits of 1,662 is 1 1
6 1 6 1 2 5 15. Now 15 divided by 3 is 5 with a remainder
of 0. Therefore, 15 is divisible by 3, and 1,662 is divisible
by 3.
of 1. Since the remainder is not 0, 19 is not divisible by 3
Therefore, 4,915 is not divisible by 3.
1 1 3 1 1 5 8. Now 8 divided by 3 is 2 with a remainder of
2. Because the remainder is not 0, 8 is not divisible by 3,
and 3,131 is not divisible by 3.
2. 324
An integer is divisible by 4 if and only if the two-digit
number formed by the tens digit and the units digit is
divisible by 4. Lets look at each number.
Lets consider 126. Now 26 divided by 4 is 6 with a
remainder of 2. Since the remainder is not 0, 26 is not
divisible by 4. Thus, 126 is not divisible by 4.
An integer is even if and only if the units digit of the integer

is even.
digits is divisible by 3.
Now lets look at each number.
Lets consider 124. The units digit of 124 is even.
Therefore, 124 is divisible by 2. The sum of the digits
of 124 is 1 1 2 1 4 5 7. Now 7 divided by 3 is 2 with
a remainder of 1. Since the remainder is not 0, 7 is not
divisible by 3. Thus, 124 is not divisible by 3. Since 124 is
not divisible by 3, 124 is not divisible by 6.
Lets consider 252. The units digit of 252 is 2, which is
even. Therefore, 252 is divisible by 2. The sum of the digits
of 252 is 2 1 5 1 2 5 9. Now 9 divided by 3 is 3 with a
remainder of 0. Thus, 252 is divisible by 3. Since 252 is
divisible by 2 and divisible by 3, 252 is divisible by 6.
even. Therefore, 412 is divisible by 2. The sum of the digits
a remainder of 1. Since the remainder is not 0, 7 is not
divisible by 3. Thus, 412 is not divisible by 3 and is not
divisible by 6.
odd. Therefore, 633 it is not divisible by 2. Since 633 is not
divisible by 2, 633 is not divisible by 6.
4. 310
An integer is a multiple of 5 if and only if the integer is
divisible by 5.
An integer is divisible by 5 if and only if its units digit is a
0 or a 5.
Lets consider 28. The units digit of 28 is 8, which is not 0
or 5. Therefore, 28 is not a multiple of 5.
Lets consider 127. The units digit of 127 is 7, which is not
0 or 5. Therefore, 127 is not a multiple of 5.
Lets consider 310. The units digit of 310 is 0, which is one
of 0 and 5. Therefore, 310 is a multiple of 5.

remainder of 0. Therefore, 24 is divisible by 4, and 324 is
divisible by 4.
Lets consider 522. The units digit of 522 is 2, which is not

0 or 5. Therefore, 522 is not a multiple of 5.

5. 315

An integer is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of the

3. 252

7 5 19. Now 19 divided by 9 is 2 with a remainder of 1.
An integer is divisible by 6 if and only if the integer is

divisible by 2 and 3.
68
The number 9 is a factor of an integer if and only if the

integer is divisible by 9.
Now lets look at each number.
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session
Since the remainder is not 0, 19 is not divisible by 9. Thus,

487 is not divisible by 9, and 9 is not a factor of 487.
5 5 9. Now 9 divided by 9 is 1 with a remainder of 0. Thus,
315 is divisible by 9, and 9 is a factor of 315.
of 4. Since the remainder is not 0, 13 is not divisible by 9.
Thus, 1,093 is not divisible by 9, and 9 is not a factor of
1,093.
on, an integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its

digits is divisible by 3. The sum of the digits of 660 is 6 1
6 1 0 5 12. Now 12 divided by 3 is 4 with no remainder.
Moving on, an integer is divisible by 5 if and only if its
units digit is 0 or 5. Since the units digit of 660 is 0, 660 is
divisible by 5. Thus, 660 is a multiple of 2, 3, and 5.

1 1 5 1 45 13. Now 13 divided by 9 is 1 with a remainder
of 4. Since the remainder is not 0, 13 is not divisible by 9.
Thus, 3,154 is not divisible by 9, and 9 is not a factor of
3,154.
6. (E)
Lets test the answer choices until we find one that is
a multiple of each of 2, 3, and 5. Here are the rules of
divisibility that we will use:
An integer is divisible by 2 if and only if it is even.
An integer is divisible by 5 if and only if the units digit is a
0 or a 5.
Choice (A) is 525. An integer is even if and only if its units
digit is even. The units digit of 525 is 5, which is odd.
Discard choice (A).
Choice (B) is 560. An integer is even if and only if its units
digit is even. The units digit of 560 is 0, which is even.
Moving on, an integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the
sum of its digits is divisible by 3. The sum of the digits
a remainder of 2. Therefore, 560 is not a multiple of 3.
Discard choice (B).
Choice (C) is 615. An integer is even if and only if its units
digit is even. The units digit of 615 is 5, which is odd.
Discard choice(C).
Choice (D) is 620. An integer is even if and only if its units
digit is even. The units digit of 620 is 0, which is even.
Moving on, an integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the
sum of its digits is divisible by 3. The sum of the digits
of 620 is 6 1 2 1 0 5 8. Next, 8 divided by 3 is 2 with a
remainder of 2. Thus, 620 is not a multiple of 3. Discard
choice (D).
Now that all four incorrect answer choices have been
eliminated, we know that choice (E) must be correct. For
the sake of the discussion, lets look at (E).
Choice (E) is 660. An integer is divisible by 2 if and only if
it is even. The units digit of 660 is 0, which is even. Moving
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session
Fractions (p. 9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0.3
0.4
0.16
0.428571
0.3863
9
6. ___
20
667
7. ______
1,000
9
1
8. __5 2__
4
4
7
27
9. ___5 1___
20
20
1
10. __
8
11. C
_
1. 0. 3
Lets convert _13to a decimal using long division.

0.333
3 1.000
2
_
9
10
2
9
_
10
2
9
_
1
if one of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000,... is a multiple of 25.

While 10 is not a multiple of 25, 100 is a multiple of 25:
4
4
434
16
__
_4
_____
___
1005 4 3 25. Then __
25
5 25 3 4 5 25 3 4
5 100
5 0.16.
4
to a decimal
Alternatively, here is the conversion of __
25
using long division.
0.16
25 4.000
_
2
25
150
150

_
0
_______
4. 0.428571
Lets convert _37to a decimal using long division.
0.4285714
7 3.0000000
_
2
28
20
_
2
14
60
_
2
56
40
_
2
35
50
_
2
49
10
_
27
30
_
2
28
2
We see that to the right of the decimal, 3 will repeat

infinitely. Thus, _135 0.33333333... . To describe the
pattern __of repeating 3s to the right of the decimal point, we
write 0.3.
Notice that when we obtained the first digit to the

right of the decimal, 30 was divided by 7, and when
we obtained the seventh digit to the right of the
decimal point, 30 was divided by 7. We have that _375
0.428571428571428571....
2. 0.4
To indicate
that 142857 repeats, we write that
_______
_375 0.428571
. Notice that we place a line above only
those digits that repeat.
Lets look for a power with a base of 10 and a positive

exponent that is a multiple of the denominator 5 of _25. That
is, we will look to see if one of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000,...
is a multiple of 5. We see that 10 is a multiple of 5: 10 5
4
32
__
2 3 5. Then _255 _253 __
225 2____
5 10 5 0.4.
5 3 2
___
5. 0.3863
Lets convert __
17
44 to a decimal using long division.
Alternatively, here is the conversion of _25to a decimal using

long division.
0.4
5 2.000
_
2
20
0
3. 0.16
Lets begin by looking for a power with a base of 10 that is
4
a multiple of the denominator 25 of __
25
. That is, we will see
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7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
0.386363
44 17.000000
_
2132
380
_
2352
280
_
2264
160
_
2132
280
_
2264
160
_
2132
28
We see that the repeating pattern begins with the third

digit to the right of the decimal point. beginning with the
third digit to the right of the decimal point, we have the
repeating pattern of 63636363....
Thus, __
17
indicate that the 63
44 5 0.3863636363.... To
___
repeats, we write that __
17
5
0.38
63
. Notice that we place a
44
line above only those digits that repeat.
9
6. __
20
To convert a decimal to a fraction, we divide the integer

formed by the digits to the right of the decimal point
by 10n, where n is the number of digits to the right of the
decimal point.
__
9. __
205 120
27
We start by dividing the integer formed by the digits to the

right of the decimal point by 10n, where n is the number of
digits to the right of the decimal point.
There are two digits to the right of the decimal point in
35
35
35 4 5
7
___
______
__
1.35. Thus, we have 0.35 5 ___
5 1005 100 4 5
5 20. Since
102
the integer to the left of the decimal point is 1, 1.35 5 1 1
7
7
__
__
20 5 120.
7
1
3 20 1 7
17
_______
_____
5 20
5 __
27
Also, 1__
20 5
20
20
20
10. 2_18
To convert a decimal to a fraction, we divide the integer
decimal point.
The number 20.125 is a negative number. Lets convert
0.125 to a fraction, then include the negative sign. There
are three digits to the right of the decimal point in 0.125.
125
125
125 4 5
25
____
___
Thus, we have 0.125 5 ___
5 1,000
5 _______
5 200
5
1,000 4 5
103
25 4 5
5
545
1
1
______
__
_____
_
_
_1
200 4 5
5 40 5 40 4 5
5 8. Since 0.125 5 8, 20.125 5 2 8.

11. (C)
We want the choice that equals 6_342 6.32. Since all the
answer choices are decimals, lets convert 6_34to a decimal.
The decimal equivalent of _34is 0.75. Thus, 6_345 6.75. Then
6_342 6.32 5 6.75 2 6.32 5 0.43. Choice (C) is correct.

9
45
45
45 4 5
___
______
__
0.45. Thus, we have 0.45 5 ___
5 1005 100 4 5
5 20.
102
7. ____
1,000
667
To convert decimal to a fraction, we divide the integer

decimal point.
There are three digits to the right of the decimal point
667
667
____
in0.667. Thus, we have 0.667 5 ___
5 1,000
.
103
8. _45 2_14
9
We start by dividing the integer formed by the digits to the

right of the decimal point by 10n, where n is the number of
digits to the right of the decimal point.
25
2.25. Converting 0.25 to a fraction, we have 0.25 5 ___
102
25
25 4 5
5
545
1
___
______
__
_____
_
1005 100 4 5
5 20 5 20 4 5
5 4. Since the integer to the left

of the decimal point is 2, 2.25 5 2 1 _145 2_14. We can also
9
3411
express that 2_145 2_______
5 _4.
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session
Fraction Operations (p. 11)

13
1
1. ___5 1___
12
12
77
2
2. ___5 3___
25
25
5
17
3. ___5 2__
6
6
7
23
4. ___5 1___
16
16
5
2
5. __5 1__
3
3
7
6. ___
24
7. 4
8. 2.48
1
9. ___
16
10. 0.00338
11. C
13
1
__
1. __
125 112
To add the fractions, we need a common denominator. The

lowest common denominator of the fractions _12, _13, and _14is
the least common multiple of the denominators 2, 3, and
4. Since 4 is a multiple of 2. (4 5 2 3 2), the least common
multiple of 2, 3, and 4 is the least common multiple of 3
and 4. Since 3 and 4 have no common factors greater than
1, the least common multiple of 3 and 4 is the product
of 3 and 4, which is 3 3 4 5 12. Thus, the least common
multiple of 2, 3, and 4 is 12.
36
1
34
1
33
4
6
____
____
__
__
Then _121 _131 _145 1____
1 3 3 4
1 4 3 3
5 12 1 12
236
3
6
1413
_______
5 12
5 __
13
1 __
12
12.
1
__
13
Thus, _121 _131 _145 __
12, or 112.
2
__
2. __
255 325
77
To add the fractions, we need a common denominator. The

13
__
lowest common denominator of the fractions __
12
25 and 5 is
the least common multiple of the denominators 25 and
5. Since 25 is a multiple of 5. (25 5 5 3 5), the least
common multiple of 25 and 5 is 25.
13
35
65
12
1 65
13
12
12
2
__
__
_____
__
______
__
Then __
5 __
12
5 __
77
25 1 5 5 25 1 5 3 5
25 1 25 5 25
25, or 325.
_5
5 2
3. __
6
6
17
6
6
_7
__
1 3. We see that 12 can be reduced:
We want to find __
12
6
646
6
_____
_1
__
_7
_1
_7
5 2. Thus, 12 1 3 5 2 1 3. To add the fractions,

__
12 5 12 4 6
we need a common denominator. The lowest common

denominator of the fractions _12and _73is the least common
multiple of the denominators 2 and 3. Since 2 and 3
have no common factor greater than 1, the least common
72
multiple of 2 and 3 is 2 3 3 5 6. Therefore, the lowest

common denominator of the fractions _121 _73is 6.
7
32
33
3
1 14
14
____
_3
__
_____
_5
Then _121 _735 1____
1 3 3 2
5 1 5

5 __
17
, or 2 .
2 3 3
6
6
6
6
6
23
__
5 1
4. __
16
16
7
To add or subtract fractions, we need a common

denominator. The lowest common denominator of the
3
1 _
_7
fractions __
16
, 4 and 8 is the least common multiple of the
denominators 16, 4, and 8. Since 16 is a multiple of 4.
(16 5 4 3 4) and 16 is a multiple of 8 (16 5 2 3 8), the
least common multiple of 16, 4, and 8 is 16. Therefore, the
3
1 _
_7
lowest common denominator of the fractions __
16
, 4 and 8
is16.
17
17
32
3
34
34
1
1
1
12
_3
__
__
____
_____
__
__
Then __
2 4 1 8 5 2 4 3 4
1 8 3 2
5 __
16
2 1 5
16
16
16
16
7
2 12 1 34
__
5 __
23
, or 1 .
1________
16
16
16
5. _535 1_23
1
12
). Lets begin
We want to find the value of 4(_131 __
by working with whats inside the parentheses first,
1
which is _131 __
12
. To add fractions, we need a common
1
fractions _13and __
12
is the least common multiple of the
denominators 3 and 12. Since 12 is a multiple of 3 (12 5
4 3 3), the least common multiple of 3 and 12 is 12.
5
5
1
34
4
11
1
1
1
____
__
____
_1
__
__
Then _131 __
12
5 3 3 4
1 12 5 12
5 __
12
. Thus, 3 1 12 5 12.
5
5
1
__
__
12
)5 4(12). Now lets work with 4(12),
Therefore, 4(_131 __
35
_5
_2
5 __
20
which is 4____
12
12 5 3, or 13.
6. __
24
7
We want to find the value of _12(_131 _14). Lets begin

by working with whats inside the parentheses first,
which is _131 _14. To add fractions, we need a common
fractions _13and _14is the least common multiple of the
denominators 3 and 4. Since 3 and 4 have no common
factors greater than 1, the least common multiple of 3 and
4 is 3 3 4 5 12.
7
1
33
3
4
13
34
4
____
__
__
____
Then _131 _145 1____
1 4 3 3
5 12 1 12 5 12
5 __
12
.
3 3 4
7
12
).
Therefore, _12(_131 _14)5 _12(__
7
137
7
_____
__
12
) 5 2 3 12
5 24.
Now _12(__
7. 4
1
(36 1 60). Lets work with whats
We want the value of __
24
1
inside the parentheses first: 36 1 60 5 96. Then __
24
(36 1
96
1
1
__
__
__
60) 5 24(96). Now 24(96) 5 245 4.
8. 2.48
To find the value of 0.21 1 0.946 1 1.324, lets align 0.21,
0.946 and 1.324 in a column where the decimal points are
lined up.
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
0.21
0.946
1.324
____
2.480
Thus, 0.21 1 0.946 1 1.324 5 2.480 5 2.48.

1
9. __
16
_3 2
12
2 ) . The first thing we must
We want the value of (__
16
6
3
12
__
_
do is simplify 162 6inside the parentheses. Notice that
12
44
12
12
_3
__
_____
_3
_3
and can be reduced: 5
5 4, and 5
both __
16
6
16
16 4 4
6
43
12
_1
__
_3
_3
_1
5 2. Lets replace with 4 and lets replace with 2

3____
643
16
6
_3 2
_3
_1 2
12
2 ) 5 (4 2 2) .
so that (__
16
6
Now lets work with _342 _12. To subtract fractions, we need

a common denominator. The lowest common denominator
of the fractions _34and _12is the least common multiple of the
denominators 4 and 2. Since 4 is a multiple of 2, the least
32
common multiple of 4 and 2 is 4. Then _342 _125 _342 1____
5
2 3 2
3
3
1
1
1
31
1 2
1
1 2
2
1
__
____
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
42 45 4. Then (42 2) 5 (4) 5 43 45 4 3 45 16.
1
_3 2
__
Thus, (__
12
2 ) 5 .
16
6
16
10. 0.00338
To multiply two decimals, first multiply the numbers as if
there were no decimal points. Then find the total number of
digits to the right of the decimal point in the two numbers.
Move the decimal point to the left that number of places.
Here, we want to multiply 1.69 and 0.002. Lets first
multiply 169 and 2: 169 3 2 5 338. There are 2 decimal
places in 1.69 and 3 decimal places in 0.002. The total
number of places is 2 1 3 5 5. We move the decimal point
in 338 5 places to the left, and we have 0.00338. Thus,
1.69 3 0.002 5 0.00338.
11. (C)
We want to work with _753 (_372 _25). Lets begin by working
inside the parentheses first: _372 _255 _373 _552 _253 _775
15
14
1
__
__
__
35 2 35 5 35.
1
Then _753 (_372 _25)5 _753 __
35
.
We can cancel a factor of 7 from the numerator of _75and the

1
denominator of __
35:
1
_1
_1
35
5 5 3 5.
_753 __
31
1
__
5 25.
And _153 _155 1____
5 3 5
1
25
. Choice (C) is correct.
Thus, _753 (_372 _25)5 __
73
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
Ratios (p. 13)

1.
2.
3.
4a.
4b.
4c.
5a.
5b.
5c.
6.
1:16
18:5
1:5
5:6
5:11
6:11
3:7
1:3
70
B
1. 1:16
Lets divide both members of the ratio 8:128 by 8. Then
we have the ratio 1:16. The ratio 1:16 cannot be reduced
any further and thus is the original ratio 8:128 reduced to
lowest terms.
2. 18:5
Lets divide both members of the ratio 72:20 by 4. Then
we have the ratio 18:5. The ratio 18:5 cannot be reduced
any further and thus is the original ratio 72:20 reduced to
lowest terms.
3. 1:5
Lets begin by multiplying both members of the ratio
14.2:71 by 10 in order to eliminate the decimal point in
14.2. We have 10(14.2):10(71) and then 142:710. Lets
divide both members of the ratio 142:710 by 2. Then we
have the ratio 71:355. Now lets divide both members of
the ratio 71:355 by 71. Then we have the ratio 1:5. The
ratio 1:5 cannot be reduced any further. Thus, 1:5 is the
original ratio 14.2:71 reduced to lowest terms.
4a. 5:6
There are 10 red balls and 12 blue balls. The ratio of red
balls to blue balls is 10:12. Lets divide both members of
the ratio 10:12 by 2. Then we have the ratio 5:6. The ratio
5:6 cannot be reduced any further. Thus, we can say that
the ratio of red balls to blue balls is 5:6.
4b. 5:11
We want the ratio of the number of red balls to the total
number of balls. There are 10 red balls. Since there are
10red balls and 12 blue balls, the total number of balls is
74
10 1 12 5 22. The ratio of the number of red balls to the

total number of balls is 10:22. Lets divide both members
of the ratio 10:22 by 2. Then we have the ratio 5:11. The
ratio 5:11 cannot be reduced any further. Thus, we can
say that the ratio of red balls to the total number of balls
is5:11.
4c. 6:11
We want the ratio of the number of blue balls to the total
number of balls. There are 12 blue balls. Since there are
10 red balls and 12 blue balls, the total number of balls is
10 1 12 5 22. The ratio of the number of blue balls to the
total number of balls is 12:22. Lets divide both members
of the ratio 12:22 by 2. Then we have the ratio 6:11. The
ratio 6:11 cannot be reduced any further. Thus, we can
say that the ratio of blue balls to the total number of balls
is 6:11.
5a. 3:7
The ratio of sneakers to sandals to high heels is 3:5:7. In
this ratio, sneakers are represented by 3 while high heels
are represented by 7. So the ratio of sneakers to high heels
is 3:7.
5b. 1:3
In this question, one of the keys is to understand that
shoes means the total number of sneakers, sandals, and
high heels.
The ratio of sneakers to sandals to high heels is 3:5:7.
In this ratio, sandals are represented by 5. Shoes are
represented by the sum of all the numbers in the ratio.
Therefore, shoes is represented by 3 1 5 1 7 5 15. Since
sandals are represented by 5 and shoes are represented by
15, the ratio of sandals to shoes is 5:15. Lets divide both
members of the ratio 5:15 by 5. Then we have the ratio 1:3.
The ratio 1:3 cannot be reduced any further. Thus, the ratio
of sandals to shoes is 1:3.
5c. 70
The ratio of the number of pairs of sneakers to the number
of pairs of sandals to the number of pairs of high heels
is 3:5:7. Lets say that the number of sandals is 3x, the
number of sneakers is 5x, and the number of high heels is
7x, where x is a positive integer. The total number of pairs
of shoes is 3x 1 5x 1 7x 5 15x. Now the total number of
shoes is 210. So we have the equation 15x 5 210. Dividing
both sides by 15, we get x 5 14. The number of sandals is
5x. Thus, the number of sandals is 5x 5 5(14) 5 70.
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
6. (B)
To have a possible ratio of white rabbits to brown rabbits,
the sum of the parts of the ratio must be a factor of 55.
Thats because the number of each type of rabbit must
be an integer. The prime factorization of 55 is 5 3 11. All
the factors of 55 are 1, 5, 11, and 55. The sum of the parts
of the two-part ratio must be 1, 5, 11, or 55. Since the
answer choices all have ratios of two positive integers, we
will not have a case where the sum of the two integers is 1.
Lets look at the answer choices to see which one has the
sum of its two integer parts equal to 5, 11, or 55.
Choice (A) is 1:3. We have 1 1 3 5 4. This is not 5, 11, or
55. Discard choice (A).
Choice (B) is 3:8. We have 3 1 8 5 11, which is one of 5,
11, or 55. Choice (B) is correct.
At this point, we can move on to the next question. For the
sake of the discussion, though, lets look at choices (C),
(D), and(E).
Choice (C) is 5:11. We have 5 1 11 5 16. This is not 5, 11,
or 55. Discard choice (C).
Choice (D) is 3:4. We have 3 1 4 5 7. This is not 5, 11, or
55. Discard choice (D).
Choice (E) is 5:1. We have 5 1 1 5 6. This is not 5, 11, or
55. Discard choice (E).
75
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
Percents (p. 15)

1.
2.
3.
4.
0.2%
28%
131%
240%
1% 0.25%
5. __
4
4
6. ___
25
6
7. ___
25
9

8. _______
25,000
5
1 5 __
9. 1__

4 4
1
10. ____
400
1.
1
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
6
12
6
0.48
5
B
6
7. __
25
To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent by

100%.
24
24 4 4
6
______
__
5 100 4 4
5 25.
24% 5 ___
100
6
.
Thus, 24% 5 __
25

8. _____
25,000
9

100%.
0.036 3 1,000
36
5 _________
5 ______

5
0.036% 5 ____
0.036
100
100 3 1,000
100,000
9
36 4 4
_____
5 25,000
.Thus,
________
100,000 4
4
0.036% 5 _____
25,000

.
9
9. _545 1_14
100%.
125
45
25
25
45
______
__
_____
_5
5 20 5 20 4 5
5 4. Thus,
125% 5 ___
125
100 5 100 4 5
125% 5 _54, or 1_14.

1

10. ___
400

100%.
(_41)
1
131
1
1
_
___
1005 _143 ___
100

5 ______
5 400

. Thus, _14%5 ___
400

.
14% 5 ___
4 3 100
11. 6
1. 0.2%
To convert a decimal to a percent, multiply it by 100%.
Thus, 0.002 5 0.002 3 100% 5 0.2%.
2. 28%
To convert a fraction to a percent, multiply it by 100%.
7
7
__
5 25 3 100% 5 7 3 4% 5 28%.
Thus, __
25
3. 131%
To convert a decimal to a percent, multiply it by 100%.
Thus, 1.31 5 1.31 3 100%5 131%.
The decimal equivalent of 50% is 0.5. Then 50% of 12 is

0.5 3 12 5 6.
If we did not remember the decimal equivalent of 50%,
we could have converted 50% to a decimal. To convert
a percent to a decimal, divide the percent by 100%. So
50%
50
50% 5 ____
100%
5 ___
100
5 0.50 5 0.5.
12. 12
0.75 3 16 5 12.
13. 6
4. 240%
12
12
__
Thus, __
55 5 3 100% 5 12 3 20% 5 240%.
5 0.25%
5. _14%

1
1
_1
Thus, ___

5 ___
400
3 100% 5 4% 5 0.25%.
400
6. __
25
4
To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent

by 100%.

1.5 3 4 5 6.
14. 0.48
0.24 3 2 5 0.48.
15. 5
0.1 3 50 5 5.
16 4 4
4
16
______
__
5 100 4 4
5 25.
16% 5 ___
100
4
.
Thus, 16% 5 __
25
76
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
16. (B)
Since the price of the item is 20% more than the
wholesale cost, the price of the item is 100% 1 20% 5
120% of the wholesale cost. To convert a percent to a
decimal (or fraction), we divide the percent by 100%.
120%
120
120
4 10
12
12
42
___
______
__
_____
_6
So 120% 5 ____
5 100 5 100 4 10
5 10 5 10 4 2
5 5 5 1.2.
100%
Thus, the decimal equivalent of 120% is 1.2. So the price
of the item is ($800)(1.2) 5 $960. Choice (B) is correct.
We could also find the price of the item by finding the
increase over the wholesale cost and then adding that
increase to the wholesale cost. The price of the item
is 20% greater than the wholesale cost. The decimal
20%
20
equivalent of 20% is ____
100%
5 ___
100
5 _155 0.2. The amount

that the price of the item is greater than the wholesale cost
is 0.2($800) 5 $160. Then the price of the item is $800 1
$160 5 $960. Again, choice (B) is correct.
77
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
Averages and Statistics (p. 17)

1. 15
1
2. 4__
2
3. 36
4. 30
5. 34
6. D
1. 15
6. (D)
of the terms
___________
The average formula is Average 5 Sum
. We
Number of terms
can use this formula in the rearranged form Sum of the
terms 5 Average 3 Number of terms. Since the average
of six numbers is 6, the sum of these six numbers
is Average 3 Number of terms 5 6 3 6 5 36. If 3 is
subtracted from each of four numbers, the sum of the six
numbers is reduced by 3 3 4 5 12. The resulting new sum
of the numbers is 36 2 12 5 24. The number of numbers
is still 6. So the new average is __
24
5 4. Choice(D) is
6
correct.
of the terms
___________
.
Number of terms
1 17 1 20
5
The average of 10, 12, 16, 17, and 20 is ________________
10 1 12 1 16
5
75
__
55 15.
2. 4_12
of the terms
___________
.
Number of terms
18
42
_____
5 __
18
5
The average of 0, 3, 6, and 9 is _________
4
4 5 4 4 2
9
1
_
_
25 42.
0131619
3. 36
of the terms
___________
.
Number of terms
The average of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60

1 24 1 36 1 48 1 60
________________
is 12
5 ___
180
5
5 5 36.
4. 30
of the terms
___________
.
Number of terms
Since the average of 24, 0, 6, and x is 8, we can write the

410161x
__________
equation 2
5 8. Simplifying the numerator of

4
4x
the algebraic fraction on the left side, 2____
5 8. Multiplying
4
both sides by 4, we have 2 1 x 5 32. Subtracting 2 from
both sides, we have x 5 30.
5. 234
of the terms
___________
.
Number of terms
Since the average of 8, 3, 12, 11, and x is 0, we can

1 3 1 12 1 11 1 x
write the equation 8_____________
5 0. Simplifying
5
the numerator of the algebraic fraction on the left
34 1 x
side, _____
5 0. Multiplying both sides by 5, we have
5
34 1 x 5 0. Subtracting 34 from both sides, we have
x 5 234.
78
7/13/10 4:56 PM
SESSION
Exponents (p. 19)
10. 16
7
__
2 5 27 2 35 24 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 3 2 5
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
625
32
108
144
49
101.6
256
1
8. ___
81
9. 5215 __
1
5
10. 16
11. E
8 3 2 5 16
11. (E)
Lets substitute 2 in for x in the expression 3x + (x3)2:
321(23)2 = 3 3 3 1 (2 3 2 3 2)2 = 9 1 82 = 9 1 64 =
73. Thus, when x = 2, then the expression 3x 1 (x3)2 is
equal to 73. Choice (E) is correct.
1. 625
54 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 25 3 5 3 5 5 125 3 5 5 625.
2. 32
5 5 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 5 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 5 8 3 2 3 2 5
2
16 3 2 5 32.
3. 108
4 3 33 5 4 3 (3 3 3 3 3) 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 12 3
3 3 3 5 36 3 3 5 108.
4. 144
(4 3 3)2 5 1225 12 3 12 5 144
5. 49
(4 1 3)2 5 72 5 7 3 7 5 49
6. 101.6
1.016 3 102 5 1.016 3 (10 3 10) 5 1.016 3 100 5
101.6.
7. 256
(22 )45 (2 3 2)4 5 44 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 16 3 4 3 4 5
64 3 4 5 256
1
8. __
81
( )
31
1
__
(322
)25 __
312 2 5 (_19)2 5 _193 _195 1____
5 81
9 3 9
9. _15
53 3 524
5 53 3 __
5145 __
5545 53 2 45 521
5 _15
A N S W E R S A N D E X P L A N AT I O N S
79
2/10/11 11:45 AM
session
Radicals (p. 21)
10. 125 5
_
1. 4 __
2. 3 14
3. 4
_
4. 6 5
5. 7 __
6. 13
7. 1
8. 16
9. 10,000
_
10. 125 5
11. D
To solve this question, we will use one law of radicals and

two laws of exponents.
We will use the__law of radicals
that says that if a 0 and
_ _
b 0, then ab5
a
b.
We will use these two laws of exponents.
ban.
(i) If b 0, then (_ba)n 5 __
n
(ii) If b 0, __
bd 5 bc 2 d.
b
To use the law of radicals we will rewrite _x. Since x 0 and
__
2. 3 14
_
____
__
__
)5
6__
3 21
5
126
5
(_6)( 21
__
93
145 3 14
__
y
y
.
y 0, _x5 _x 2
__
__ _
3
3
y
y
Thus, _x ___
xy5 ____
_x 2
__
xy. Using the law of radicals, we get
__
3
3
y
y
__
xy5 _x 2 __
xy
. Now using the law of exponents
_x 2
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
__
48
_
5
____
3
__
__
48
5
3
____
____
__
( ) ( )
3
3
y
y2 x3
x3 (y2 )
y2
(_x)2 __
xy
5 __
x2 __
y
5 ____
x2 (y)
5 __
xx2 __
y
. Using the law
c
of exponents that says that if____

b 0, then __
bd 5 bc 2 d, we
y2
____
__
(x1 )(y1 )
5
xy. Choice
__
b
_______
3
__
xx2 __
y
5 (x3 2 2)(
y2 2 1)
5
( ) ( )
y:
will rewrite both __
xx2 and __
__
165 4
_
___
( ) ( )
9 3 14
5
_
6 5
y 2
ban, we____
get ( _x)2 5 __
x2 . Then
that says that if b 0, (_ba)n 5 __
3. 4
11. (D)
1. 4
__ _
__
___
2 3 8
5
165 4
( 2)( 8) 5
4.
5__
5 5 3 5 3 5 3
55 25 3 5 3
55
3 3
5
_
125 3
55 125 5
y2
(D) is correct.
__
125
. Lets
work_with
125
We want
to simplify
51
__
__
_
_
first: 125
5
253
55 5 3
55 5 5.
__
125
5
51 5 55 6 5.
Then 51
5. 7
__
__
__
147
_
5 ___
147
5
495 7
____
3
3
__
6. 13
____
__
5
13
.
Simplifying what is under the radical,
49 2 36
There is no more simplifying to be done.
7. 1
__
__
365 7 2 6 5 1
492
8. 16
__
__
__
)2 5
163
165 16
( 16
9. 10,000
__
( 100
)4 5 (10)4 5 10 3 10 3 103 10 5 100 3 10 3
10 5 1,000 3 10 5 10,000
80
7/13/10 4:56 PM
session
Order of Operations (p. 23)

5
1. 13___
16
2. 4.4
39
3. ___
43
4. 0.000125
5. C
The least common denominator of these fractions is the

least common multiple of 6, 2, 3, and 9. Since 6 is a
multiple of 2 (65 3 3 2) and 9 is a multiple of 3 (9 5
3 3 3), the least common multiple of 6, 2, 3, and 9 is
the least common multiple of 6 and 9. Now 1 3 9 5 9 is
not a multiple of 6, while 2 3 9 5 18 is a multiple of 6
(18 5 3 3 6). Thus, we will multiplythe numerator and
denominator by 18:
_
18 3 (_561 _321 2)
18 (_56)1 18 (_32)1 18(2)
51 _321 2
___________
______________
6______
5
5
5
4
1
4
1
_
_
_
_
31 91 4
18 3 (31 91 4)
18 (_13)1 18 (_49)1 18(4)
3(5) 1 9(3) 1 36
1 27 1 36
78
42
_________
_____
__
___________
5 15
5 __
78
5
5 43
6 1 8 1 72
86
86 4 2
6 1 2(4) 1 72
5
1. 13__
16
To work out the value of 7 1 5 3 (_14)2 2 6 4 (2 2 3), we

must use the order of operations rules (PEMDAS).
We first do whats inside the parentheses. Then we do the
exponents. Then we do multiplication and division, which
rank equally, from left to right. Then we do addition and
subtraction, which rank equally, from left to right.
7 1 5 3 (_14)2 2 6 4 (2 2 3)
5 7 1 5 3 (_14)2 2 6 4 (21)
5 7 1 5 3 (_143 _14)2 6 4 (21)
1
2 6 4 (21)
5 7 1 5 3 __
16
5
__
5 7 1 16 2(26)
5
5 13 1 __
16
5
__
5 13
16
2. 4.4
To work out the value of 4(1.24 2 (0.8)2 ) 1 6 3 _13, we must
use the order of operations rules (PEMDAS).
4(1.24 2
1 6 3 _13
(0.8)2)
5 4(1.24 2 (0.8)(0.8)) 1 6 3 _13

5 4(1.24 2 0.64) 1 6 3 _13
5 4(0.6) 1 6 3 _13
_51 _31 2
2
__
5 43.
Thus, 6______
_1
_4
39
31 91 4
4. 0.000125
0.25 3 (0.1)2
:
Lets work with _________
0.5 3 40
0.25 3 (0.1)2
0.25 3 (0.1 3 0.1)
0.25 3 (0.01)
_________
5 ____________
5 _________
5 _____
0.0025
5 _____
0.0025
0.5 3 40
20
20
20
2(10)
0.0025 __
1
1
__
(10
)5 0.00125 (10) 5 0.000125
5 _____
2
5. (C)
5
155
5
___
__
24
4 (84 2 12), we must
To work out the value of (_34)2 1 __
use the order of operations rules (PEMDAS).

Lets begin by working with whats inside the parentheses.
155
The denominator 84 of ___
84 is a multiple of the denominator
5
12 of __
12: 845 7 3 12.
5
155
5
155
537
155
35
__
___
__
_7
___
_____
___
__
Then ___
155
5 84 2 84 5
84 2 12 5 84 2 12 3 7 5 84 2 12 3 7
2 35
120
4 12
______
______
5 ___
120
5 __
10
155
7.
84
84 5 84 4 12
5
155
5
5
10
___
__
_3 2
__
__
Thus, (_34)2 1 __
24
4 (84 2 12) 5 (4) 1 24 4 7.
33
Now lets work with the exponent: (_34)2 5 _343 _345 3____
5
4 3 4
5
5
10
10
_3 2
__
__
__
__
__
. Thus, (4) 1 24 4 7. 5 1 24 4 7.
__
16
16
9
5
5
7
10
1
__
__
__
__
_7
4 7 5 24 3 10 5 24 3 2 5
Now lets do the division: __
24
5
137
7
7
10
__
__
__
__
__
__
5 48. Thus, 1 24 4 7 5 1 48.

_____
24 3 2
16
16
9
5 2.4 1 6 3 _13
7
48
. To add fractions, we
Now lets do the addition __
161 __
7
need a common denominator. The denominator 48 in __
48
9
__
is a multiple of the denominator 16 of 16: 48 5 3 3 16.
9
5 2.4 1 2
5 4.4
3. __
43
39
7
7
7
27
7
27
17
__
__
_3 __
_____
__
__
__
_____
1 48 5 3 31 48 5
1 48 5 48 1 48 5 48
Then __
16
16
16 3 3
9
39
_
51 _31 2
, lets multiply the

To work with the complex fraction 6______
_1
_4
31 91 4
numerator and denominator by the same nonzero number
933
17
34
34
42
_____
__
5 24.
5 __
48 5 48 4 2
155
5
17
__
__
We have that _3 2 1 __
54 ___
2 5 . Choice (C) is
correct.
(4 )
24
( 84
12
24
that will eliminate the fractions in both. A nonzero number

that
we
can multiply both the numerator and denominator
5
3
_
1 _ 1 2
in order to eliminate the fractions is the least

of 6______
_1
_4
31 91 4
common denominator of the fractions _56, _32, _13, and _49.

81
7/13/10 4:56 PM

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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Each odd integer is 2 more than the previous odd integer.

Factors, Multiples, and

45 5 1 3 45. After 1, the next greater positive integer

4. 1, 2, 7, 11, 14, 22, 77, 154

Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product

Lets find pairs of two positive integers whose product

12 is not a factor of 154. We know that we have found all

We see that when 68 is divided by 5, the quotient is 13

5. 6, 12, 18, 24, 30

We see that when 93 is divided by 4, the quotient is 23

The first 5 multiples of 6 are 1 3 6, 2 3 6, 3 3 6, 4 3 6,

Now 1 3 6 5 6, 2 3 6 5 12, 3 3 6 5 18, 4 3 6 5 24, and

Choice (B) is 24. Because 168 4 24 is 7 with no remainder,

Divisibility Rules (p. 7)

An integer is even if and only if the units digit of the integer

Lets consider 324. Now 24 divided by 4 is 6 with a

Lets consider 522. The units digit of 522 is 2, which is not

Lets consider 442. Now 42 divided by 4 is 10 with a

Lets consider 598. Now 98 divided by 4 is 24 with a

An integer is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of the

Lets consider 487. The sum of the digits of 487 is 4 1 8 1

An integer is divisible by 6 if and only if the integer is

The number 9 is a factor of an integer if and only if the

Now lets look at each number.

Since the remainder is not 0, 19 is not divisible by 9. Thus,

on, an integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its

Lets consider 3,154. The sum of the digits of 3,154 is 3 1

Lets convert _13to a decimal using long division.

if one of 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000,... is a multiple of 25.

We see that to the right of the decimal, 3 will repeat

Notice that when we obtained the first digit to the

Lets look for a power with a base of 10 and a positive

Alternatively, here is the conversion of _25to a decimal using

We see that the repeating pattern begins with the third

To convert a decimal to a fraction, we divide the integer

We start by dividing the integer formed by the digits to the

5 8. Since 0.125 5 8, 20.125 5 2 8.

There are two digits to the right of the decimal point in

To convert decimal to a fraction, we divide the integer

We start by dividing the integer formed by the digits to the

5 4. Since the integer to the left

Fraction Operations (p. 11)

To add the fractions, we need a common denominator. The

To add the fractions, we need a common denominator. The

5 2. Thus, 12 1 3 5 2 1 3. To add the fractions,

we need a common denominator. The lowest common

multiple of 2 and 3 is 2 3 3 5 6. Therefore, the lowest

To add or subtract fractions, we need a common

We want to find the value of _12(_131 _14). Lets begin

Thus, 0.21 1 0.946 1 1.324 5 2.480 5 2.48.

5 2. Lets replace with 4 and lets replace with 2

Now lets work with _342 _12. To subtract fractions, we need

We can cancel a factor of 7 from the numerator of _75and the

Ratios (p. 13)

10 1 12 5 22. The ratio of the number of red balls to the

Percents (p. 15)

To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent by

To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent by

125% 5 _54, or 1_14.

To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent by

The decimal equivalent of 50% is 0.5. Then 50% of 12 is

To convert a fraction to a percent, multiply it by 100%.

To convert a percent to a fraction, divide the percent