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SESSION 2
session
4y
3y
Algebra
We have
6. 130
x(5)
) ( 5
2x(4)
and
4y
3y
4y(4)
3y(5)
16y
15y
16y 2 15y
__
____2 ____
4(5)5 ___
202 ___
205 _______
5 __
20.
__
5 2 4 5 5(4)
20
Then
(4y
13x
13x
__
__
___
__
___
__
2x
(_4x1 __
5) 1 5 2 4 5 20 1 20. The fractions 20 and 20
3y
13x 1 y
__
_____.
have the same denominator, so ___
13x
20 1 20 5 20
2. 18x
5 12x 1 6x 5 18x
3. 24a 1 2b
First, we will remove the parentheses around 3a 1 6b.
Next, we will distribute the negative sign over the terms
7a and 4b inside the parentheses. Then we will collect like
terms.
(3a 1 6b) 2 (7a 1 4b) 5 3a 1 6b 2 (7a 1 4b)
5 3a 1 6b 2 7a 2 4b
5 24a 1 2b
13x 1 y
4. _____
20
Lets begin by combining like terms. One pair of like terms
2x
_x
_1
__
_2
is _4xand __
2x
5. (If we say that 4 is 4x and we say that 5 is 5x,
then we readily see that we are combining like terms.
05_Math_Refresher_S02_AE.indd 82
5x
5x
1 8x
8x
___
____5 __
__
_____
_4x1 __
2x
20
1 205 20
5 ___
13x
5 5 4(5)1 5(4)
20
1. 9x 2 2y
82
Now
7
7. 2__
3
8. 21
9. 1
10. 28
11. D
13x 1 y
4. _______
20
5. 22x2 1 5y
4y
3y
_
__
__
4x1 __
2x
5and 52 4.
1. 9x 2 2y
2. 18x
3. 24a 1 2b 5 2(b 2 2a)
(4
4y
3y
4y
3y
_
2 __
1 __
2x5 _x1 __
2x 1 __
2 __
x1 __
Thus, _4x1
4y
3y
13x
1y
__
_____
52 __
41 __
2x
.
5 5 20
5. 22x2+ 5y
Lets combine like terms. One pair of like terms is x2 and
23x2. The other pair of like terms is y and 4y. Wehave x21
y 2 3x2 1 4y 5 x2 2 3x2 1 y 1 4y 5 22x2 1 5y.
6. 130
Lets substitute 2 for x and 5 for y into the expression
(y21 1)(x2 1 1). It is important to pay attention to the
variables and correctly substitute for each correct variable.
Substituting, we have (y2 1 1)(x2 1 1) 5 (52 1 1)(22 1 1)
5 (25 1 1)(4 1 1) 5 26(5) 5 130.
7. 2_3
7
2
15
7
____
___
_7
Substituting, we have ____
5 2 2 5
5 23 5 23.
x 2 y
8. 21
Lets substitute 2 for x and 5 for y into the expression
9x 2 4y 1 _2x. It is important to pay attention to the
variables and correctly substitute for each variable.
Substituting, we have 9x 2 4y 1 _2x5 9(2) 2 4(5) 1 _225
18 2 20 1 1 5 22 1 1 5 21.
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session
9. 1
Lets substitute 2 for x and 5 for and 5 for y into the
expression (2x 2 y)2. It is important to pay attention to the
variables and correctly substitute for each variable.
Substituting, we have (2x 2 y)2 5 [2(2) 2 5]2 5 (4 2 5)2 5
(21)25 (21)(21) 5 1.
10. 28
Lets substitute 2 for x into the expression x2 1 7x 1 10.
Since y does not appear in the expression x2 1 7x 1 10,
we will not have to substitute 5 for y.
Substituting, we have x21 7x 1 10 5 22 1 7(2) 1 10 5
4 1 14 1 10 5 28.
Lets note that it is correct to say that when x 5 2 and
y 5 5, x21 7x 1 10 5 28. It is just that y does not
appearin the expression.
11. (D)
Lets substitute 2 for x and 22 for y in the expression x2 1
xy 1 y2. Then x2 1 xy 1 y2 5 22 1 (2)(22) 1 (22)2 5 4 2
4 1 4 5 0 1 4 5 4. Thus, when x 5 2 and y 5 22, x21
xy 1 y25 4. Choice (D) is correct.
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Linear EquationsIsolating a
Variable (p. 29)
5
1. x 5 __
2
2. a 5 22
41
3. z 5 ___
6
4. y 5 0
1
5. s 52__
4
6. x 5 6
7. b 5 214
13
8. y 5 2___
5
7
9. x 5 2__
4
223
10. a 5 ____
13
11. A
1. x 5 _52
Lets solve the equation 2x 1 5 5 10 for x. Subtracting 5
from both sides of the equation, we have 2x 5 5. Dividing
both sides by 2, we have x 5 _52.
2. a 5 22
Lets solve the equation 3(a 2 2) 5 6a for a. Distributing
the 3 over the terms inside the parentheses, we have
3a 2 6 5 6a. Subtracting 6a from both sides, we have
23a 2 6 5 0. Adding 6 to both sides, we have 23a 5 6.
Dividing both sides by 23, we have a 5 22.
41
3. z 5 __
6. x 5 6
Lets solve the equation _32x 2 _12x 5 6. Rewriting the left
3x
_x
side of the equation, we have __
2 2 2 5 6. These fractions
have the same denominator, 2. Subtracting the fractions
2x
____
on the left side, we have 3x
5 6. Then __
2x
2
2 5 6, and x 5 6.
7. b 5 214
1 10
1b
_____
5 b_____
for b. Cross
Lets solve the equation 12
3
6
multiplying, we have 6(12 1 b) 5 3(b 1 10). Distributing
the 6 over the terms 12 and b on the left side, and
distributing the 3 over the terms b and 10 on the right side,
we have 72 1 6b 5 3b 1 30. Subtracting 3b from both
sides, we have 72 1 3b 5 30. Subtracting 72 from both
sides, we have 3b 5 242. Dividing both sides by 3, we
have b 5 214.
13
8. y 5 2__
5
9. x 5 2_4
7
5 2__
5 24. Thus, x 5 24.
232
32 5 232 4 8
4. y 5 0
223
10. a 5 ___
13
05_Math_Refresher_S02_AE.indd 84
22
3 1 2a
_____
2 _____
5 6 for a. We would
Lets solve the equation 3a
7
35
like to multiply both sides of this equation by a nonzero
number that will lead to an equation without any fractions.
We see that the denominators are 7 and 35. Since 35 is
a multiple of 7 (35 5 5 3 7), if we multiply both sides of
the equation by 35, we will obtain an equation with no
fractions:
22
1 2a
_____
35(3a
2 3_____
)5 35(6).
7
35
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22
1 2a
_____
)2 35(3_____
)5 210.
35(3a
7
35
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3
_3
10
) 1 3y 5 0, 5 1 3y 50,
2x 1 3y 5 0. We then have 2(__
5 2_35(_13)5 2_15.
y 5 ___
3
3
_1
Thus, x 5 __
10 and y 5 25.
4. x 5 _17, y 5 0
If we subtract the equation 21x 1 7y 5 3 from the equation
21x 1 10y 5 3, the x-terms will cancel, and we will be left
with an equation with the one variable y. We can solve this
equation for y. Once we have the value of y, we can use
either of the original equations to solve for the value of x.
Subtracting 21x 1 7y 5 3 from 21x 1 10y 5 3, we have
21x 1 10y 5 3
2(21x 1 7y
5 3)
_______________
3y 5 0
Thus, 3y 5 0. Dividing both sides by 3, we have y 5 0. Now
lets substitute 0 for y in the equation 21x 1 7y 5 3. Then
21x 1 7(0) 5 3, 21x 1 0 5 3, and 21x 5 3. Dividing both
3
_1
5 7.
sides by 21, we have x 5 __
21
Thus, x 5 _17and y 5 0.
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session
5. x 5 5, y 5 2
We have the equations x 1 2y 5 9 and 2x 2 3y 5 4. If we
multiply both sides of the equation x 1 2y 5 9 by 2, we
get 2x 1 4y 5 18. If we then subtract the equation 2x 2
3y 54 from the equation 2x 1 4y 5 18, the x-terms will
cancel, and we will be left with an equation with the one
variable y. We can then solve this equation for the value
of y. Once we have the value of y, we can use either of the
original equations to solve for the value of x.
4x 1 2y 5 216
_________________
1(24x 1 2y
5 16)
4y 5 0
Thus, 4y 5 0. Dividing both sides by 4, we have that y 5 0.
Choice (C) is correct.
This question can also be answered by solving for one
variable in terms of the other in one equation and then
substituting for that variable in the other equation. Looking
at the equation 2x 1 y 5 28, we see that if we subtract 2x
from both sides, we will have solved for y in terms of x. We
can then substitute for y in the equation 24x 1 2y 5 16.
This will lead to an equation with the one variable x. We
can then solve for x. It is important that we keep in mind
that this question requires the value of y. Once we have
the value of x, we will use one of the original equations to
find the value of y.
Subtracting 2x from both sides of the equation 2x 1 y 5
28, we have y 5 22x 2 8. Now lets substitute 22x 2 8
for y in the equation 24x 1 2y 5 16: 24x 1 2(22x 2 8) 5
16. Then 24x 24x 2 16 5 16, 28x 2 16 5 16, 28x 5 32,
32
and x 5 ___
28 5 24. Thus, x 5 24. Now lets substitute 24
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7. b 5 25, b 5 2
Lets try to use reverse FOIL to factor b21 3b 2 10. Testing
some values, we find that b21 3b 2 10 5 (b 1 5)(b 2 2).
Then (b 1 5)(b 2 2) 5 0. When the product of a group of
numbers is 0, at least one of the numbers must be 0. If
(b 1 5)(b 2 2) 5 0, then b 1 5 5 0 or b 2 2 5 0. If b1
5 5 0, then b 5 25. If b 2 2 5 0, then b 5 2. All the
possible values of b are 25 and 2.
6. x 5 23, x 5 24
8. y 5 0, y 5 4
7. b 5 2, b 5 25
8. y 5 0, y 5 4
1
9. a 5 23, a 5 2__
2
10. z 5 5, z 5 6
11. C
9. a 5 23, a 5 2_12
(a 1 4)(a 2 2) 5 a22 2a 1 4a 2 8 5 a2 1 2a 2 8.
10. z 5 5, z 5 6
1. x21 7x 1 10
Lets multiply out (x 1 2)(x 1 5) using FOIL:
(x 1 2)(x 1 5) 5 x21 5x 1 2x 1 10 5 x2 1 7x 1 10.
2. a21 2a 2 8
3. 2y21 11y 1 14
Lets multiply out (2y 1 7)(y 1 2) using FOIL:
(2y 1 7)(y 1 2) 5 2y21 4y 1 7y 1 14 5 2y2 1 11y 1 14.
4. 3b22 22b 2 16
Lets multiply out (b 2 8)(3b 1 2) using FOIL:
(b 2 8)(3b 1 2) 5 3b21 2b 2 24b 2 16 5 3b2 2 22b 2
16.
5. x21 x
Lets multiply out x(x 1 1) by distributing the x that is
outside the parentheses over the terms x and 1 inside the
parentheses. We get
x(x 1 1) 5 x(x) 1 x(1) 5 x21 x.
6. x 5 23, x 5 24
88
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session
x . 20
x , 10
x 231
x6
0,x,2
x . 10
7. x , ___
21
10
8. x , 5
9. x __
2
3
27
___
10. x
37
11. A
1. x 20
We have the inequality 3x 1 4 . 64. Subtracting 4 from
both sides, we have 3x . 60. Dividing both sides by 3, we
have x . 20.
2. x 10
We have the inequality 2x 1 1 , 21. Subtracting 1 from
both sides, we have 2x , 20. Dividing both sides by 2, we
have x , 10.
3. x 231
We have the inequality 2x 1 1 63 1 x. Adding x to both
sides, we have 1 63 1 2x. Subtracting 63 from both
sides, we have 262 2x. Dividing both sides by 2, we
have 231 x. Thus, x 231.
4. x 6
We have the inequality 21x 2 42 14x. Subtracting 14x
from both sides, we have 7x 2 42 0. Adding 42 to both
sides, we have 7x 42. Dividing both sides by 7, we have
x 6.
5. 0 x 2
We have the multiple inequality statement 6 . x 1 4 . 4.
Lets start with the inequality 6 . x 1 4. Subtracting 4 from
both sides of this inequality, we have 2 . x.
Now lets work with the inequality x 1 4 . 4. Subtracting 4
from both sides of this inequality, we have x . 0.
Since 2 . x and x . 0, we can say that 2 . x . 0. This can
also be written 0 , x , 2.
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6. x 10
We have the multiple inequality statement 2x . x 1
10 . 2x.
Lets start with the inequality 2x . x 1 10. Subtracting x
from both sides of this inequality, we have x . 10.
Now lets work with the inequality x 1 10 . 2x. Adding x
to both sides, we have 2x 1 10 . 0. Subtracting 10 from
both sides, we get 2x . 210. Dividing both sides by 2, we
have x . 25.
Here is what we now know:
The inequality 2x . x 1 10 requires that x . 10.
The inequality x 1 10 . 2x requires that x . 25.
Requiring that x . 10 and x . 25 is equivalent to requiring
that x . 10, because if x . 10, then it must already be
greater than 25. Thus, the solution to 2x . x 1 10 . 2x is
x . 10.
21
7. x __
10
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1. 25
7
2. ___
23
59
3. ____
136
1(7)
4
1
__
_1
____1
amultiple of 12(84 5 7(12)). Then __
12
1 21 1 7 5
12(7)
4(4)
4. 258
5
12
.
Thus, _13 _14 _475 __
5. 133
5
6. ___
12
7. 24
7. 24
We have the defining equation x 5 7x 1 5. Lets replace
x with y in the defining equation. Then y 5 7y 1 5. Since
y 5 173, we can write the equation 7y 1 5 5 173. Lets
solve for y. Subtracting 5 from both sides, we have 7y 5
168. Dividing both sides by 7, we have y 5 24.
8. d2 1 10d 1 20
9. 247
10. 34
11. B
8. d2+ 10d + 20
1. 25
Lets substitute 7 for x in the defining equation #x 5 3x 1
4. Then #7 5 3(7) 1 4 5 21 1 4 5 25. Thus, #7 5 25.
2. __
23
7
7
x
____
for x in the defining equation x 5 x 11
.
Lets substitute __
16
7
7
7
__
__
16
)
16
16
(__
7
____
_____
_____
Then __
16
5 __
5 __
__
5 7_____
5
7
7
16
1 16
161 1
161 16
( 16
)
7
7
__
Thus, __
5 23.
16
( )
( )
7
16
)
(__
7
___
__
5 __
7 __
16 5 __
23
.
23
(16) 16 23
( )
3. ___
136
59
5x 1 6
.
Lets substitute _74for x in the defining equation x 5 _____
4x 1 27
59
35
1 24
7
35
35
24
_
______
__
__
__
__
5
1
6
41 6
_____
(4)
( 4 ) ___
(4)
7
4 1 4
_
______
_____
_____
Then (4)5 _7
5 7 1 27
5 34
5 34
5 345
4(4)1 27
59(1)
59 1
59
59
__
4(__
34)5 ____
4(34)5 ___
136. Thus, (_74)5 ___
136.
4. 258
Lets substitute 8 for x and 14 for y in the defining equation
x y 5 5x 2 7y. Then 8 14 5 5(8) 2 7(14) 5 40 2
98 5 258. Thus, 8 14 5 258.
5. 133
Lets substitute 5 for x and 3 for y in the defining equation
x y 5 xy1 x 1 y. Then 5 3 5 53 1 5 1 3 5 (5)(5)(5) 1
8 5 25(5) 1 8 5 125 1 8 5 133. Thus, 5 3 5 133.
5
6. __
12
4
1 __
_1
, 21, and 7, we need a common denominator.
fractions __
12
90
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1(12)
35
47
5
7
7
1 16 1 12
16
12
____
__
__
__
________
_____
__
1
5 84 1 84 1 84 5
5 __
35
5 12.
____
84
84 5 84 4 7
21(4)
7(12)
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session
2 n 1 1
________
to find
5 _35 3. Thus,
3(1)
3(1)
3 1 5 3. Choice (B) is correct.
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