"Grading" a road means to smooth out the roadbed with earthmoving

equipment during the construction phase.

The grade of a road is defined as a measure of the road's steepness as it rises

and falls along its route. In other words, it is the magnitude of its incline or
slope.

Trim beyond the edges of the proposed concrete pavement to hold forms or
slip-form paving equipment.

Fill and thoroughly compact all irregularities below the established grade with
sub grade or base course material, in lifts up to 3/8 inch for a width of 16th
inch on both sides of the base of the form.

If loss of density results from the trimming operations , it should be restored

by additional compaction before concrete is placed.

Set and check forms before placing concrete to ensure correct form line and
grade and to allow continuous concrete placement.

Tamp thoroughly the inside and outside edges at the base of the forms.

Imperfections or variations above grade shall be corrected by tamping or by

cutting as necessary.

Forms shall be set sufficiently in advance of the point where concrete is being
placed.

After the forms have been set to correct grade, the grade shall be thoroughly
tamped, mechanically or by hand, at both the inside and outside edges of the
base of the forms.

Set forms to withstand the impact and vibration of consolidating equipment.

Clean and coat forms with an approved from release agent or oil before
placing concrete.

GRADING AND ALIGNMENT

Check and correct alignment and grade elevations of the forms immediately
before the placing of concrete.

The crown and elevation are verified by holding an approved template in a

vertical position moving backward and forward on the forms.

Correct and recheck disturbed forms or unstable sub grade.

Construct sub grade or base course to the specified cross section.

Trim high areas and fill and compact areas to a condition similar to the
surrounding grade.

Maintain the finished sub grade in a smooth, compact condition and restore
disturbed areas prior to placing the concrete.

Keep the sub grade and base course uniformly moist when placing concrete,
unless a waterproof cover material is placed.

If it subsequently becomes too dry, the sub-grade or base course is sprinkled

with water.

Weighed of materials- tolerance of 1 % for cement and 2% for aggregates.

The accuracy of measuring water is not more than 1% error.

When cement is placed in contact with the aggregates, batches may be

rejected

Ready mix concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with AASHTO
M-157 requirements.

The volume of the concrete mix per batch should not exceed the mixers
nominal capacity.

LIMITATION OF MIXING

No concrete should be mixed when natural light is insufficient.