Mastering Physics CH 09 HW College Physics I LCCC

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Due:9:30amonMonday,April11,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy
ImpulseonaBaseball
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenforce,impulse,andmomentum.
TheeffectofanetforceF actingonanobjectisrelatedbothtotheforceandtothetotaltimetheforceactsontheobject.Thephysicalquantity
impulseJ isameasureofboththeseeffects.Foraconstantnetforce,theimpulseisgivenby
J = F t
Theimpulseisavectorpointinginthesamedirectionastheforcevector.TheunitsofJ are
N s or kg m/s .
Recallthatwhenanetforceactsonanobject,theobjectwillaccelerate,causingachangeinitsvelocity.Hencetheobject'smomentum(p =
alsochange.Theimpulsemomentumtheoremdescribestheeffectthatanimpulsehasonanobject'smotion:
)will
mv
p = J = F t
Sothechangeinmomentumofanobjectequalsthenetimpulse,thatis,thenetforcemultipliedbythetimeoverwhichtheforceacts.Agivenchangein
momentumcanresultfromalargeforceoverashorttimeorasmallerforceoveralongertime.
InPartsA,B,Cconsiderthefollowingsituation.Inabaseballgamethebatterswingsandgetsagoodsolidhit.Hisswingappliesaforceof12,000Nto
theballforatimeof0.70 10 3 s .
PartA
Assumingthatthisforceisconstant,whatisthemagnitudeJ oftheimpulseontheball?
Enteryouranswernumericallyinnewtonsecondsusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
J
= 8.4 N s
Correct
Weoftenvisualizetheimpulsebydrawingagraphshowingtheforceversustime.Foraconstantnetforcesuchasthatusedinthepreviouspart,the
graphshowingthemagnitudeoftheforceversustimewilllookliketheoneshownin.
PartB
Themagnitudeofthenetforceversustimegraphhasarectangularshape.Ofteninphysicsgeometricpropertiesofgraphshavephysicalmeaning.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057475
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length
height
Forthisgraph,the
area
oftherectanglecorrespondstotheimpulse.
slope
Correct
Theassumptionofaconstantnetforceisidealizedtomaketheproblemeasiertosolve.Arealforce,especiallyinacaseliketheonepresented
inPartsAandB,wherealargeforceisappliedforashorttime,isnotlikelytobeconstant.
Amorerealisticgraphshowingthemagnitudeoftheforcethattheswingingbatappliestothebaseballwillshowtheforcebuildinguptoamaximumvalue
asthebatcomesintofullcontactwiththeball.Thenastheballlosescontactwiththebat,thegraphwillshowthemagnitudeoftheforcedecayingtozero.
Itwilllooklikethegraphin.
PartC
Ifboththegraphrepresentingtheconstantnetforceandthegraphrepresentingthevariablenetforcerepresentthesameimpulseactingonthe
baseball,whichgeometricpropertiesmustthetwographshaveincommon?
ANSWER:
maximumforce
area
slope
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Correct
Whenthenetforcevariesovertime,asinthecaseoftherealnetforceactingonthebaseball,youcansimplifytheproblembyfindingthe
averagenetforceF avg
actingonthebaseballduringtimet.Thisaveragenetforceistreatedasaconstantforcethatactsontheballfortime
t
.TheimpulseontheballcanthenbefoundasJ
= F avg t
Graphically,thismethodstatesthattheimpulseofthebaseballcanberepresentedbyeithertheareaunderthenetforceversustimecurveorthe
areaundertheaveragenetforceversustimecurve.Theseareasarerepresentedinthefigureastheareasshadedinredandbluerespectively.
Theimpulseofanobjectisalsorelatedtoitschangeinmomentum.Oncetheimpulseisknown,itcanbeusedtofindthechangeinmomentum,orif
eithertheinitialorfinalmomentumisknown,theothermomentumcanbefound.KeepinmindthatJ = p = m(v f
momentumarevectors,itisessentialtoaccountforthedirectionofeachvector,eveninaonedimensionalproblem.
.Becausebothimpulseand
v i)
PartD
Assumethatapitcherthrowsabaseballsothatittravelsinastraightlineparalleltotheground.Thebatterthenhitstheballsoitgoesdirectlybackto
thepitcheralongthesamestraightline.Definethedirectionthepitcheroriginallythrowstheballasthe+xdirection.
ANSWER:
Theimpulseontheballcausedbythebatwillbeinthe
positive
negative
xdirection.
Correct
PartE
NowassumethatthepitcherinPartDthrowsa0.145kg baseballparalleltothegroundwithaspeedof32m/s inthe+xdirection.Thebatterthen
hitstheballsoitgoesdirectlybacktothepitcheralongthesamestraightline.Whatistheball'svelocityjustafterleavingthebatifthebatappliesan
impulseof8.4 N s tothebaseball?
Enteryouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecondusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 26 m/s
Correct
Thenegativesignintheanswerindicatesthatafterthebathitstheball,theballtravelsintheoppositedirectiontothatdefinedtobepositive.
ImpulseandMomentumRankingTask
Sixautomobilesareinitiallytravelingattheindicatedvelocities.Theautomobileshavedifferentmassesandvelocities.Thedriverssteponthebrakesand
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allautomobilesarebroughttorest.
PartA
Ranktheseautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheirmomentumbeforethebrakesareapplied,fromlargesttosmallest.
Rankfromlargesttosmallest.Torankitemsasequivalent,overlapthem.Iftherankingcannotbedetermined,checktheboxbelow.
ANSWER:
Correct
PartB
Ranktheseautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheimpulseneededtostopthem,fromlargesttosmallest.
Hint1.Relatingimpulsetomomentum
Theimpulseappliedtoanobjectisequaltotheobjectschangeinmomentum.Therefore,theimpulseneededtostopthemshouldbeequalto
thedifferencebetweentheinitialmomentumandthefinalmomentum.(Thefinalmomentumiszerosincethecarisbroughttoastop.)
Hint2.Applytheimpulsemomentumtheorem
Allofthecarsarebroughttorest.Whatisthefinalmomentump f inal ofeachautomobile?
Enteryouranswerinkilogrammeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
Hint1.Howtofindmomentum
Recallthatanobject'smomentumisequaltotheproductofitsmassandvelocity.
ANSWER:
p
f inal
= 0 kg m/s
ANSWER:
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Correct
PartC
Ranktheautomobilesbasedonthemagnitudeoftheforceneededtostopthem,fromlargesttosmallest.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Youknowtheimpulseneededtostopthecars.However,thisimpulsecouldbeaverylargeforceexertedoverafractionofasecond,avery
smallforceexertedoverseveralminutes,oranysituationinbetween,solongastheforcemultipliedbythetimegivestheproperimpulse.You
mustknowthetimeintervalsoverwhichthestoppingforcesareexertedtodeterminethemagnitudesofthestoppingforcesfromtheimpulses.
ANSWER:
Correct
Themoremomentumanobjecthas,themoreimpulseisneededtostopit.However,thisimpulsecanbeprovidedviaalargeforceactingovera
shorttimeintervalorarelativelysmallforceactingoverarelativelylongtimeinterval.Ifyouaredrivingdownthehighwayat55mph ,youcan
stopyourcarbyeitherlightlypressingonthebrakesandtravelingalongtimebeforestopping,orpressingmorefirmlyonthebrakesandstopping
morequickly.Inbothcases,yourbrakingsystemhasappliedthesameamountofimpulsetoyourcar.
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Problem9.3
PartA
Whatimpulsedoestheforceshowninthefigureexertona250g particle?
Expressyouranswerusingonesignificantfigure.
ANSWER:
J
= 4 N s
Correct
Problem9.7
Thefigureisanincompletemomentumbarchartforacollisionthatlasts9.0ms .
PartA
Whatisthemagnitudeoftheaveragecollisionforceexertedontheobject?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
F
= 890N totheleft
Correct
Problem9.9
A2.0kg objectismovingtotherightwithaspeedof1.3m/s whenitexperiencestheforceshowninthefigure.
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PartA
Whatistheobject'sspeedaftertheforceends?
ANSWER:
v
= 0.80
m
s
Correct
PartB
Whatistheobject'sdirectionaftertheforceends?
ANSWER:
totheright
totheleft
Correct
PSS9.1ConservationofMomentum
LearningGoal:
TopracticeProblemSolvingStrategy9.1forconservationofmomentumproblems.
An80kg quarterbackjumpsstraightupintheairrightbeforethrowinga0.43kg footballhorizontallyat15m/s .Howfastwillhebemovingbackwardjust
afterreleasingtheball?
PROBLEMSOLVINGSTRATEGY9.1Conservationofmomentum
MODEL: Clearlydefinethesystem.
Ifpossible,chooseasystemthatisisolated(F net
= 0 )orwithinwhichtheinteractionsaresufficientlyshortandintensethatyoucanignore
externalforcesforthedurationoftheinteraction(theimpulseapproximation).Momentumisconserved.
Ifitisnotpossibletochooseanisolatedsystem,trytodividetheproblemintopartssuchthatmomentumisconservedduringonesegment
ofthemotion.OthersegmentsofthemotioncanbeanalyzedusingNewton'slawsor,asyouwilllearnlater,conservationofenergy.
VISUALIZE: Drawabeforeandafterpictorialrepresentation.Definesymbolsthatwillbeusedintheproblem,listknownvalues,andidentifywhatyouare
tryingtofind.
SOLVE: Themathematicalrepresentationisbasedonthelawofconservationofmomentum: P f
(p f x )
+ (p f x )
+(
+ (p f x )
+(
+ = (p ix )
+ = (
+ (p ix )
+(
= Pi
.Incomponentform,thisis
+ (p ix )
+(
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(p
fy
+ (p
fy
+ (p
fy
+ = (p
iy
+ (p
iy
+ (p
iy
ASSESS: Checkthatyourresulthasthecorrectunits,isreasonable,andanswersthequestion.
Model
Theinteractionatstudyinthisproblemistheactionofthrowingtheball,performedbythequarterbackwhilebeingofftheground.Toapplyconservationof
momentumtothisinteraction,youwillneedtoclearlydefineasystemthatisisolatedorwithinwhichtheimpulseapproximationcanbeapplied.
PartA
Sortthefollowingobjectsaspartofthesystemornot.
Dragtheappropriateobjectstotheirrespectivebins.
ANSWER:
Correct
PartB
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeswhyyoucananalyzetheinteractiondescribedinthisproblemusingconservationofmomentum?
ANSWER:
Thethrowingactionisquickenoughthatexternalforcesmaybeignored.
Therearenoexternalforcesactingonthesystem.
Externalforcesdon'tactonthesystemduringthejump.
Conservationofmomentumisalwaysthebestwaytoanalyzemotion.
Correct
Thequarterbackfootballsystemisnotanisolatedsystembecausegravity,anexternalforce,actsonthesystem.However,sincetheinteraction
betweentheobjects(thequarterbackandtheball)isveryshort,thisexternalforcecanbeignored,andconservationofmomentumcanbeapplied
inthehorizontaldirection.
Visualize
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Now,drawabeforeandafterpictorialrepresentation.Definesymbolsrepresentingmassandvelocityofalltheobjectsinthesystembeforeandafterthe
interaction.Then,listknownvaluesandmakesuretoclearlyidentifywhatyouaretryingtofind.Yourfinalsketchmightlooklikethepictureshowntothe
left.
Solve
PartC
Howfast,(v f x ) Q ,willthequarterbackbemovingbackwardjustafterreleasingtheball?
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtotwosignificantfigures.
Sincethefootballisthrownhorizontally,andyouareinterestedinthespeedwithwhichthequarterbackismovingbackward,onlythehorizontal
componentofmomentumisrelevant.Thus,youneedonlytofindthehorizontalmomentumofthequarterbackandfootballbeforeandafterthe
throwandsubstitutetheseintotheconservationofmomentumequation:
(p f x )
+ (p f x )
= (p ix )
+ (p ix ) .
Q
B
Q
B
Hint2.Findtheinitialmomentum
Assumingthatthequarterbackjumpsstraightup,whatistheinitialhorizontalmomentum,Pix ,oftheballandquarterbacksystem?
Expressyouranswerinkilogrammeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
P ix
= 0 kg m/s
Hint3.Findtheball'sfinalmomentum
Whatisthemagnitudeofthefinalhorizontalmomentum,(p f x ) B ,oftheball?
ANSWER:
(p f x )
= 6.45 kg m/s
Hint4.Findthequarterback'sfinalmomentum
Whatisthemagnitudeofthehorizontalcomponentofthequarterback'sfinalmomentum,(p f x ) Q ?
ANSWER:
(p
fx
= 6.45 kg m/s
ANSWER:
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(v f x )
= 8.1102 m/s
Correct
Assess
PartD
Supposethatthequarterbacktakes0.30s toreturntothegroundafterthrowingtheball.Howfard willhemovehorizontally,assuminghisspeedis
constant?
Expressyouranswerinmeterstotwosignificantfigures.
Oncethefootballleavesthequarterback'shand,heundergoesprojectilemotion.Recallthatinprojectilemotion,thehorizontalandvertical
componentsofanobject'smotionaretreatedasindependentofoneanother.Intheverticaldirection,theobjectmovesundertheinfluenceof
theaccelerationduetogravity.Inthehorizontaldirection,weassumethatthereisnoforceactingontheobject,andsotheobjectmoveswith
aconstantspeedinthehorizontaldirection.
ANSWER:
d
= 2.4102 m
Correct
Thisisareasonableresult.Hadyoufoundthatthehorizontaldistanced weremuchlargerthanafewcentimeters,commonsensewouldhave
toldyouthatyourcalculationswerewrong.Whenyouthrowaballafterjumpingstraightupintheair,youneverlandveryfarfromthepointyou
tookyourjump.
Byapplyingtheconservationofmomentumtoasituation,youcanobtaininformationaboutthespeedofobjectsimmediatelybeforeorafteran
interaction.However,youwilloftenneedtousekinematicsequationstostudythemotionoftheseobjectssometimeaftertheinteraction.
VideoTutor:WaterRocket
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.Then,closethevideowindow
andanswerthequestionatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.
PartA
Supposewerepeattheexperimentfromthevideo,butthistimeweusearocketthreetimesasmassiveastheoneinthevideo,andinplaceofwater
weuseafluidthatistwiceasmassive(dense)aswater.Ifthenewfluidleavestherocketatthesamespeedasthewaterinthevideo,whatwillbe
theratioofthehorizontalspeedofourrockettothehorizontalspeedoftherocketinthevideoafterallthefluidhaslefttherocket?(Ignoreair
resistance.)
First,canweusemomentumconservation?Let'staketherocketandfluidasthesystem.Intheverticaldirection,momentumisnotconserved
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becausegravityexertsanexternalforceonthesystem.Butinthehorizontaldirection,momentumisconserved(sinceweignoreair
resistance).
Next,wedrawbeforeandafterdiagrams,labelingmassandvelocityineachcase.(Forconvenience,weuseexhausttolabelthefluidboth
beforeandafteritisexpelled.)
Momentumconservationenablesyoutorelatethefinalhorizontalmomentaoftherocketandtheexhaust.
? p ?
Theproblemsaysthatthefluidleavestherocketatthesamespeedasthewaterinthevideo.Whatdoesthattellyouaboutv e.f
e,f
Now,writeanequationfortherocketsvelocityintermsofknownquantities,includingme andmr .Howwilldoublingme andtriplingmr

?
changethemagnitudeofv r.f
ANSWER:
1
1/2
1/3
2/3
3/2
Correct
Therocket'sspeedisproportionaltotheratioofthefluid'smasstotherocket'smass.
ConservationofMomentuminInelasticCollisions
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandthevectornatureofmomentuminthecaseinwhichtwoobjectscollideandsticktogether.
Inthisproblemwewillconsideracollisionoftwomovingobjectssuchthatafterthecollision,theobjectssticktogetherandtraveloffasasingleunit.The
collisionisthereforecompletelyinelastic.
Youhaveprobablylearnedthat"momentumisconserved"inaninelasticcollision.Buthowdoesthisfacthelpyoutosolvecollisionproblems?The
followingquestionsshouldhelpyoutoclarifythemeaningandimplicationsofthestatement"momentumisconserved."
PartA
Whatphysicalquantitiesareconservedinthiscollision?
ANSWER:
themagnitudeofthemomentumonly
thenetmomentum(consideredasavector)only
themomentumofeachobjectconsideredindividually
Correct
PartB
Twocarsofequalmasscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,theirspeedsarev 1 andv 2 .Whatisthespeed
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ofthetwocarsystemafterthecollision?
Thinkabouthowyouwouldcalculatethefinalspeedofthetwocarswiththeinformationprovidedandusingtheideaofconservationof
momentum.Betteryet,trythecalculationout.Whatdoyouget?
ANSWER:
v1 + v2
v1 v2
v2 v1
v 1 v 2
v 1 +v 2
2
2
v1
+ v2
Theanswerdependsonthedirectionsinwhichthecarsweremovingbeforethecollision.
Correct
PartC
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,themagnitudesoftheirmomentaarep 1 andp 2 .Afterthe
collision,whatisthemagnitudeoftheircombinedmomentum?
Thinkabouthowyouwouldcalculatethefinalmomentumofthetwocarsusingtheinformationprovidedandtheideaofconservationof
momentum.Betteryet,trythecalculationout.Whatdoyouget?Keepinmindthatmomentumisavector,butyouareaskedaboutthe
magnitudeofthemomentum,whichisascalar.
ANSWER:
p
p
p
+p
p
p
p p
1
p 1 +p 2
2
2
2
p
+p
1
Theanswerdependsonthedirectionsinwhichthecarsweremovingbeforethecollision.
Correct
PartD
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,theirmomentaarep 1 andp 2 .Afterthecollision,their
combinedmomentumisp .Ofwhatcanonebecertain?
Hint1.Momentumisavector
Momentumisavectorquantity,andconservationofmomentumholdsfortwodimensionalandthreedimensionalcollisionsaswellasforone
dimensionalcollisions.
ANSWER:
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p = p 1 + p 2
p = p 1 p 2
p = p 2 p 1
Correct
Youcandecomposethevectorequationthatstatestheconservationofmomentumintoindividualequationsforeachoftheorthogonal
componentsofthevectors.
PartE
Twocarscollideinelasticallyandsticktogetherafterthecollision.Beforethecollision,themagnitudesoftheirmomentaarep 1 andp 2 .Afterthe
collision,themagnitudeoftheircombinedmomentumisp .Ofwhatcanonebecertain?
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblemmathematically
Momentumisavectorquantity.Itisimpossibletomakeexactpredictionsaboutthedirectionofmotionafteracollisionifnothingisknown
aboutthedirectionofmotionbeforethecollision.However,onecanputsomeboundsonthevaluesofthefinalmomentum.Startwiththe
expressionforp fromPartD:
p = p 1 + p 2
Therefore,
|p| =
2
2
2
2
p
+ p 2 = |p 1 | + |p 2 | + 2 p 1 p 2 = |p 1 | + |p 2 | + 2|p 1 ||p 2 | cos
1
where istheanglebetweenp 1 andp 2 .(Toderivetheabove,youwouldhavetobreakeachvectorintocomponents.)Sothevalueof|p| is

controlledby .
Hint2.Howtoapproachtheproblemempirically
Considerthedirectionsfortheinitialmomentathatwillgivethelargestandsmallestfinalmomentum.
ANSWER:
p 1 + p 2 p p 1 p 2
p1 + p2 p
p 1 +p 2
2
p 1 + p 2 p |p 1 p 2 |
p1 + p2
2
2
p p 1
+ p2
Correct
Whenthetwocarscollide,themagnitudeofthefinalmomentumwillalwaysbeatmostp 1 + p 2 (avalueattainedifthecarsweremovinginthe
samedirectionbeforethecollision)andatleast|p 1 p 2 | (avalueattainedifthecarsweremovinginoppositedirectionsbeforethecollision).
CatchingaBallonIce
OlafisstandingonasheetoficethatcoversthefootballstadiumparkinglotinBuffalo,NewYorkthereisnegligiblefrictionbetweenhisfeetandtheice.
AfriendthrowsOlafaballofmass0.400kg thatistravelinghorizontallyat11.7m/s .Olaf'smassis71.0kg .
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PartA
IfOlafcatchestheball,withwhatspeedv f doOlafandtheballmoveafterward?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecond.
UsingconservationofmomentumandthefactthatOlaf'sinitialmomentumiszero,settheinitialmomentumoftheballequaltothefinal
momentumofOlafandtheball,thensolveforthefinalvelocity.
Hint2.Findtheball'sinitialmomentum
Whatisp i ,theinitialmomentumoftheball?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinkilogrammeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
pi
= 4.68
kgm
s
ANSWER:
vf
= 6.55102 m/s
Correct
PartB
IftheballhitsOlafandbouncesoffhischesthorizontallyat8.20m/s intheoppositedirection,whatishisspeedv f afterthecollision?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecond.
TheinitialmomentumoftheballisthesameasinPartA.Applyconservationofmomentum,keepinginmindthatbothOlafandtheballhavea
nonzerofinalmomentum.
Hint2.Findtheball'sfinalmomentum
Takingthedirectioninwhichtheballwasinitiallytravelingtobepositive,whatisp ball,f
,theball'sfinalmomentum?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinkilogrammeterspersecond.
ANSWER:
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p ball,f
= 3.28
kgm
s
ANSWER:
vf
= 0.112 m/s
Correct
Problem9.17
A330g birdflyingalongat5.8m/s seesa12g insectheadingstraighttowarditwithaspeedof32m/s (asmeasuredbyanobserverontheground,not
bythebird).Thebirdopensitsmouthwideandenjoysanicelunch.
PartA
Whatisthebird'sspeedimmediatelyafterswallowing?
ANSWER:
v
= 4.5
m
s
Correct
Problem9.21
Danisglidingonhisskateboardat4.00m/s .Hesuddenlyjumpsbackwardofftheskateboard,kickingtheskateboardforwardat8.00m/s .Dan'smass
is70.0kg andtheskateboard'smassis7.00kg .
PartA
HowfastisDangoingashisfeethittheground?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
3.60
m
s
Correct
CollisionatanAngle
Twocars,bothofmassm,collideandsticktogether.Priortothecollision,onecarhadbeentravelingnorthatspeed2v ,whilethesecondwastravelingat
speedv atanangle southofeast(asindicatedinthefigure).Afterthecollision,thetwocarsystemtravelsatspeedv f inal atanangle eastofnorth.
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PartA
Findthespeedv f inal ofthejoinedcarsafterthecollision.
Expressyouranswerintermsofv and .
Hint1.Determinetheconservedquantities
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueforthecollisiondescribed?
ANSWER:
Momentumisconservedbutkineticenergyisnotconserved.
Kineticenergyisconservedbutmomentumisnotconserved.
Bothkineticenergyandmomentumareconserved.
Neitherkineticenergynormomentumisconserved.
Hint2.Thecomponentofthefinalvelocityintheeastwestdirection
Findthecomponentofv final intheeastwestdirection.
Hint1.Findtheeastwestcomponentoftheinitialmomentum
Whatisp e ,themagnitudeofthetotalmomentump e ofthetwocarsintheeastwestdirection?(Takeeastwardtobepositive,
westwardnegative.)
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,v ,and .
ANSWER:
p
mvcos()
ANSWER:
v f inal
(eastwest)=
vcos()
2
Hint3.Findthenorthsouthcomponentofthefinalmomentum
Findthecomponentofv f inal inthenorthsouthdirection.
Hint1.Findthenorthsouthcomponentoftheinitialmomentum
Whatisthemagnitude ofthetotalmomentum ofthetwocarsinthenorthsouthdirection?(Takenorthwardtobepositive,
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Whatisthemagnitudep n ofthetotalmomentump n ofthetwocarsinthenorthsouthdirection?(Takenorthwardtobepositive,

southwardnegative).
Expressyouranswerintermsofm,v ,and .
ANSWER:
=
pn
2mv mvsin()
ANSWER:
v f inal
(northsouth)=
vsin()
2
Hint4.Mathhelp
Letv f inal.x betheeastwestcomponentofv f inal ,andv f inal.y thenorthsouthcomponent.Then
v f inal = v
f inal.x
+v
f inal.y
Youwillalsoneedtousethefollowingtrignometricidentitywhenyouevaluatetherighthandsideoftheaboveequationintermsofv and :
cos
+ sin
= 1
ANSWER:
v(2sin)
v f inal
cos
2cos(tan 1 [
])
2sin
Correct
PartB
Whatistheangle withrespecttonorthmadebythevelocityvectorofthetwocarsafterthecollision?
Expressyouranswerintermsof .Youranswershouldcontainaninversetrigonometricfunctionusingthenotationasin,atanetc.andnot
arcsin,arctanetc.
Hint1.Aformulafortan
Letv f inal.x betheeastwestcomponentofv final ,andv f inal.y thenorthsouthcomponent.Then
tan =
v f inal
v f inal
sincetheangleaskedforistheangleeastofnorth.
ANSWER:
atan(
cos
2sin
Correct
Problem9.25
A30.0g ballofclaytravelingeastat1.50m/s collidesandstickstogetherwitha30.0g ballofclaytravelingnorthat4.00m/s .
PartA
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Whatisthespeedoftheresultingballofclay?
ANSWER:
2.14
m
s
Correct
PartB
Whatisthedirectionoftheresultingballofclay?
ANSWER:
69.4 northofeast
Correct
Problem9.27
Atennisplayerswingsher1000gracketwithaspeedof10.0m/s .Shehitsa60gtennisballthatwasapproachingherataspeedof16.0m/s .Theball
reboundsat37.0m/s .
PartA
Howfastisherracketmovingimmediatelyaftertheimpact?Youcanignoretheinteractionoftheracketwithherhandforthebriefdurationofthe
collision.
ANSWER:
6.82
m
s
Correct
PartB
Ifthetennisballandracketareincontactfor12.0ms ,whatistheaverageforcethattheracketexertsontheball?
ANSWER:
265N
Correct
Problem9.40
Twoiceskaters,withmassesof30.0kg and85.0kg ,areatthecenterofa60.0mdiametercircularrink.Theskaterspushoffagainsteachotherand
glidetooppositeedgesoftherink.
PartA
Iftheheavierskaterreachestheedgein20.0s ,howlongdoesthelighterskatertaketoreachtheedge?
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ANSWER:
7.06s
Correct
Problem9.71
Aspaceshipofmass2.20106kg iscruisingataspeedof6.00106m/s whentheantimatterreactorfails,blowingtheshipintothreepieces.One
section,havingamassof4.70105kg ,isblownstraightbackwardwithaspeedof2.40106m/s .Asecondpiece,withmass7.80105kg ,continues
forwardat1.30106m/s .
PartA
Whatisthespeedofthethirdpiece?
ANSWER:
1.40107 m
s
Correct
PartB
Whatisthedirectionofthethirdpiece?
ANSWER:
forward
bacward
Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis99.0%.
Youreceived75.24outofapossibletotalof76points.
19/19

Mastering Physics CH 09 HW College Physics I LCCC

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