Partially Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Rice

Husk & Eggshell in Concrete

ISSN 2319-9725
Sathanantham.T
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil engineering,
Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
Dinesh.N
Ramesh kumar.R
Arunachalam
Chandra sekar
Gowtham.P
Under graduate students, Department of Civil engineering, Jay
Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam, Tirupur,
Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: Through out the world, concrete is being widely used for the construction of most of the
buildings, bridges etc. Hence, it has been properly labeled as the backbone to the infrastructure
development of a nation.To meet out this rapid infrastructure development a huge quantity of
concrete is required. Unfortunately,India a is not self sufficient in the production of cement ,the
main ingredient of concrete and the demand for exceed the supply and makes the construction
activities very costlier. Hence currently the entire construction industry is in search of a suitable and
effective the waste product that would considerably minimize the use of ultimately reduces the
construction cost. Few of such products have already been indentified like Rice Husk, fly ash, Silica
Fumes, Egg shell etc. Amongst these RHA and Egg shells areknown to have good prospects in
minimizing the usage of sand. So, in our concept of the project is replacing the fine aggregate by rice
hush and egg shell ,and also reduce the weight of the concrete with achieve the required strength of
concrete.
Keywords: Concrete, characterization, eggshell (ES), Rice Husk (RH).

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1. Introduction:
These materials are majority by products from other processes or natural materials. The major
benefits of rice husk and egg shell are its ability to replace certain amount of fine aggregate
and still able to display fine aggregate property, thus reducing the weight of concrete. The use
of such by products in concrete construction not only prevents these products from being
land- filled but also enhances the properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened states.
1.1. Rice Husk:
Rice husks are shells produced during the de-husking of paddy rice. .1000 Kg of paddy rice
can produce about 200 Kg of husk. Rice husk constitute about 1/5th of the 300 million metric
tons of rice produced annually in the world. According to a report, the current yearly
production paddy rice is approximately 500 million tons that give about 100 million tons of
rice husks as a waste product from the milling. Rice husk is also not used for feeding animals
since it is less nutritional properties and its irregular abrasive surface is not naturally
degraded and can cause serious accumulation problem. The characteristics of the typical rice
husk produce in India has organic amorphous silica (made of rice husk) with silica content of
above 85%, in very small particle size of less than 25 microns.

Figure 1: Rice husk

S.No

Name

1.
2.

Density
Average
particle size
Specific
surface area
Mineralogy

3.
4.

Physical
Properties
2.06
5.85 to 6.86
32.4 to 112.1

Noncrystalline
5.
Shape and
Irregular,
texture
Cellular
Table 1: Physical properties of rice husk

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1.2. Properties Of Rice Husk:

S.NO

Constituents

Weight %
RHA

1.

Silicon dioxide,
SiO2

87.2

2.

Aluminum
oxide, Al2O3

0.15

3.

Ferric oxide,
Fe2O3

0.16

4.

Calcium oxide,
CaO

0.55

5.

Magnesium
oxide, MgO

0.35

6.

Sodium oxide,
Na2O

1.12

7.

Potassium
oxide, K2O

3.68

8.

Phosphorous
oxide, P2O5

0.50

9.

Titanium oxide,
TiO

0.01

10.

Sulphur Oxide,
SO

0.24

11.

Carbon, C

5.91

Table 2: Chemical properties of rice husk

2. Egg Shell:
Eggshell is generally thrown away as a waste. The egg shell also creates some allergies when
kept for a longer time in garbage. Disposal is a problem. It creates undesirable smell which
can cause irritation. The main ingredient in eggshells is calcium carbonate (the same brittle
white stuff that chalk, limestone, cave stalactites, sea shells, coral, and pearls are made of).
The shell itself is about 95% CaCO3 (which is also the main ingredient in sea shells). The
remaining 5% includes Magnesium, Aluminum, Phosphorous, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc,
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Iron, Copper, Ironic acid and Silica acid. Eggshell has a cellulosic structure and contains
amino acids; thus, it is expected to be a good bio-sorbent and it was reported that large
amounts of eggshells are produced in some countries, as waste products and disposed in
landfills annually.

Figure 2: Egg Shell

2.1. Physical Properties Of Egg Shell:
Name

Physical Properties

Specific Gravity

0.85

Moisture content

1.18

Bulk Density g/m3

0.8

Particle Density
g/m3

1.012

Porosity (%)

22.4 BET

Surface area m2/g

21.2

Table 3
2.2. Advantages Of Egg Shell:
Considerable reduction in alkali-silica and sulfate expansions.
i. Meets the most stringent environmental regulations nationwide.
ii. Ideal for painting in occupied spaces.
iii. Excellent durability and washable finish.
iv. Resist mold and mildew on the paint film.
v. Saves money; less material required.
vi. Meets strict performance and aesthetic requirements.
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2.3. Application Of Egg Shell:

i. Concrete/Masonry Block.
ii. Plaster. Ferrous Metal.
iii. Wood.
iv. Gypsum Wallboard-Drywall. Road Pavements.

3. Results And Discussion:

3.1. Properties Of The Coarse Aggregate:
The properties of aggregate are found in the concrete engineering laboratory and find the
values below,

Materials

Specific gravity

Coarse

2.8

aggregate(20mm)
Water absorption

0.3%

Impact value

6.15%

Attrition test

1.67%

Cursing value test

15.55%

Bulk density

1027kg/m3
Table 4

4. Split Tensile Strength:

We are preparing the M25 mix design with the help of properties of their materials.
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Then, we are replacing the Rice husk and Egg shell up to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%.For
each and every proportion, we are making the 3coulmns.After making that concrete structures
are immersed in water. After we are testing the columns at 7day, 14day &28 days. Before
testing the columns all are weighted. Tensile strength was calculated for the all proportion of
columns by using tensile strength formula with help of the their resisting loads.

Figure 3
EG &

7 days

14 days

28 days

RH

N/mm2

N/mm2

N/mm2

0.62

1.34

2.36

10

0.94

1.5

1.76

20

0.72

1.06

1.43

30

0.37

0.49

1.2

40

0.34

0.42

0.99

50

0.14

0.16

0.21

added
%

Table 5

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Figure 4: 7 day Split tensile strength

Figure 5: 14 day split tensile strength

Figure 6: 28 day split tensile strength

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Figure 7: combination of the split tensile strength

5. Compressive Strength:
We are preparing the M25 mix design with the help of properties of their materials.
Then, we are replacing the Rice husk and Egg shell up to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%.For
each and every proportion, we are making the 3cubes.After making that concrete structures
are immersed in water. After we are testing the cubes at 7day, 14day &28 days. Before
testing the cubes all are weighted. Compressive strength was calculated for the all proportion
of cubes by using compressive strength formula with help of their resisting loads.

Figure 8

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EG &

7 days

14 days

28 days

RH

N/mm2

N/mm2

N/mm2

14.97

22.03

24

10

13.78

20.11

22.33

20

15.33

22.33

24.32

30

14.21

16.89

21.42

40

8.78

9.55

14.16

50

2.78

3.06

9.67

added
%

Table 6

Figure 9: 7day compressive strength

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Figure 10: 14day compressive strength

Figure 11: 28day compressive strength

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Figure 12: 7, 14, 28 day compressive strength

6. Flexural Strength:
We are preparing the M25 mix design with the help of properties of their materials. Then ,we
are replacing the Rice husk and Egg shell up to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%.For each and
every proportion, we are making the 3beams.After making that concrete structures are
immersed in water. After, We are testing the beams at 7day, 14day &28 days. Before testing
the beams all are weighted. Flexural strength was calculated for the all proportion of beams
by using flexural strength formula with help of their resisting loads.

Figure 13

Figure 14: Photograph taken in our laboratory during testing of beam.

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EG &

7 days

14 days

28 days

RH

N/mm2

N/mm2

N/mm2

1.6

2.2

2.86

10

0.53

1.12

1.82

20

0.8

1.2

2.01

30

0.4

0.44

1.68

40

0.29

0.36

1.47

50

0.16

0.29

0.99

added
%

Table 7

Figure 15: 7day flexural strength

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Figure 16: 14day flexural strength

Figure 17: 28day flexural strength

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Figure 18: 7, 14, 28 day flexural strength

Figure 19: Combination of tensile, flexural and compressive strength.

7. Conclusions:
In this paper, effect of egg shells and rice husk on some mechanical and physical properties
of concrete was investigated. Based on the analysis in the present experimental work, the
following conclusions can be deduced:
i. The egg shells as a useful material instead of a waste material (harm to the
environment) that they were hurled in many hundred tons annually had been use in an
engineering applications.
ii. The tensile strength, flexural strength was decreased with increasing egg shells and
rice husk percent. The tensile strength decreased from (2.36 N/mm2) to (0.21 N/mm2)
with increasing egg shell and rice husk from (0 wt %) to (50 wt %).
iii. The compressive strength of the concrete is to meet required strength with 20% of the
egg shell and rice husk at the same time weight of the cubes are reduced upto 2kg to
2.8kg.

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Acknowledgement:
The authors would like to express an acknowledgement to the Faculty of Civil Engineering
and management of

jay shri ram groups of institutions tirupur, for providing the facilities

such as the concrete laboratory to accomplish this study. The author also wishes to
acknowledge cooperation given by laboratory technician from Faculty of Civil Engineering,
jay shri ram groups of instutions, tirupur, to complete this study.

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