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CBSE Board Class 10, Social Science (Political Science) | Democratic PoliticsII, Chapter - 3, Democracy and Diversity | Answers

of NCERT Textbook
Exercise
NCERT (CBSE) Class X Social Science Political Science (Democratic Politics)
Chapter - 3, Democracy and Diversity
Solutions of NCERT Textbook Exercise

***IMPORTANT NOTE***: THESE ARE ONLY REFERENCE SOLUTIONS FOR THE


HELP.
Question 1: Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics
of social divisions.
Answer1: Three factors which determine the outcomes of politics of social
divisions:
(a)The peoples perception of their identities:
When this is singular, the accommodation of other identities becomes difficult.
(b)Representation of a community by political leaders:
While representing a community, if politicians raise demands that are constitutional,
then it is easier
to accommodate those demands.
(c) The governments reaction:
If the reasonable demands of a community are suppressed by the government, then
it leads to social
divisions, which in turn threaten the integrity of the country.
Question 2: When does a social difference become a social division?
Answer2: (a) When different social differences overlap, one particular social
difference gains in prominence.
(b) This leads to the creation of social division and tension.
(c) For example, in Northern Ireland, the social differences of class and religion
overlap each other. The catholics are usually the ones who are poor, while the
protestants are the ones who are well off.
(d) The religious differences are accentuated by this overlap. As a result, there are
conflicts between the two religious groups.
(e) In other words, a social difference becomes a social division when it coincides
with other social differences, which in turn serve to heighten the said difference.
Question 3: How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Answer3: (a) A combination of social divisions and politics can be really dangerous.
A democracy involves competition among various political parties. As their
competition tends to divide society, if they start competing in terms of some
existing social divisions, then it can convert those social divisions into political
divisions, which can lead to conflict, violence and even disintegration of the country.
(b) An example of this is the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent
countries. However, the combination of social divisions and politics is not always
negative. The political expression of social divisions allows marginalised and
disadvantaged social groups to express their
grievances and ask the government to rectify them.
(c) The system of reservation of seats in Indian legislatures for the socially
disadvantaged has allowed such social groups to have an adequate representation
in the decision-making process.

Question 4:________________ social differences create possibilities of deep


social divisions and tensions. ________________ social differences do not
usually lead to conflicts.
Answer4: Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions
and tensions. Cross cutting social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Question 5: In dealing with social divisions which one of the following
statements is NOT correct
about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in
politics.
(b) In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a
peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social
divisions.
Answer5: (d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of
social divisions.
Question 6: Consider the following three statements.
. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India. Which of the statements
is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) Only C
Answer6: (b) A and B
Question 7: Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and
select the right answers by
using the code given below.
. But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D, B, A, C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D
Answer7: (a) D, B, C, A
Question 8:Among the following, which country suffered disintegration
due to political fights on the
basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Netherlands
Answer8: (c) Yugoslavia

CHAPTER 3: DEMOCRACY & DIVERSITY

Answer the following questions


Q1 How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples
Q2 What is meant by the Black Power movement?
Q3 Who is a Migrant?
Q4 What is homogeneous society? Give two examples
Q5 Why do some people belong to the same religion often feel that they do not
belong to the same community?
Q6 Write any two social differences based on birth?
Q7 Who is Afro- Americans?
Q8 What do you mean by social differences and social divisions?
Q9 When do social division take place in the society? Explain with suitable
examples.
Q10 Give a comparative study of social difference by overlapping and cross
cutting
Q11 Democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and reconciliation of
social diversity Justify the statement
Q12 What was the period for civil right movement ?
Q13 Which medal was won by athlete Peter Norman?

Assignment Solutions:
Answer1: The combination of politics and social divisions is very dangerous and
explosive.
(a) Democracy involves competition among various political parties.
(b) Their competition tends to divide any society.
(c) If they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, it can
make social divisions into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence
or even disintegration of a country. This has happened in many countries.
Example:- 1. Northern Ireland is divided into two major sects of Christianity: 53
per cent are Protestants, while 44 per cent are Roman Catholics. The Catholics

were represented by Nationalist parties who demanded that Northern Ireland


be unified with the Republic of Ireland, a predominantly Catholic country. The
Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to remain with the UK,
which is predominantly protestant. Hundreds of civilians, militants and security
forces were killed in this fight. It was only in 1998, that the UK government
and the Nationalists reached a peace treaty after which the
latter suspended their armed struggle.
2. In Yugoslavia, the story did not have a happy ending. Political competition
along religious ending ethnic lines led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia into
six independent countries.
Answer2: Page-30, Glossary, Heading-The Black Power
Answer3: Page-33, Glossary-Migrant

homogeneous society
Example:Germany and Sweden were once highly HOMOGENEOUS but are undergoing
rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world.
Answer4: Page-33, Glossary-

Answer5: Page-32, Right Side, Last Paragraph, 1st line onwards


It is fairly common for people identities in different contexts.
Answer6: Page-32, Left Side, Heading Origin of Social Differences, 1st line
onwards
Social differences are mostly based on accident.. different kinds of
complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.
Answer7: -30, Glossary, Heading-African-American
Answer8: Social Difference: A situation when people are discriminated against
on the basis of social, economic and racial disparity. It gives way to social
diversity which is different from society to society.
Social division: Division of society on the basis of language, religion, colour,
caste, race, gender, etc. It signifies linguistic, regional and social diversity.
Answer9: Page-33, left side, Heading- Overlapping and cross-cutting difference.
(Make 5 points)
Social division takes place. belong to different communities.
Answer10: Page-33, Left side, Heading- Overlapping and cross-cutting
differences, 2nd para (Make 5 points)
If social differences cross cut.. against the other.

Consider the cases of Northern Ireland. easier to accommodate.


Answer11: (1) We have seen in India and Belgium that social diversity have
been accommodated in a very positive manner.
(2) No doubt, Democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to
accommodate diversity. But a positive attitude towards diversity and
willingness to accommodate it do not come easily.
(3) People who feel marginalized, deprived and discriminated have to fight
against the injustices. Such a fight often takes the democratic path, voicing
their demands in a peaceful and constitutional manner and seeking a fair
position through elections.
(4) Sometimes social difference can take form of unacceptable level of social
inequality and injustice. The struggles against such inequalities sometimes
takes the path of violence and defiance of the state.
(5) However, history shows that democracy is the only and the best way to
resolve these issues and to fight for recognition and also to accommodate
diversity.
Answer12: (4) 1954-1968
Answer13: 2) silver

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