Chap 017

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789
Chapter 17
The Age of Reason 1700-1789
Multiple Choice Questions

1. Enlightenment thinking favored
A. traditional Catholic beliefs.
B. pietistic feelings.
C. the experimental method.
D. Thomist theology.
2. The Enlightenment owed intellectual debts to all of the following EXCEPT

A. seventeenth-century revolutions in science and philosophy.
B. the secular values of the Greco-Roman world.
C. the humanism of the Renaissance.
D. the religious doctrines of Christianity.
3. The Enlightenment was essentially a product of cultural life in

A. Italy.
B. Scotland.
C. France.
D. Great Britain.
4. The philosophes called for all of the following reforms EXCEPT

A. religious toleration.
B. an expanded, independent educational system.
C. women's suffrage.
D. an end to bigotry.
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5. Of which religion was John Wesley the founder?

A. First Great Awakening
B. Methodism
C. Deism
D. Pietism
6. Deism was based on

A. Adam Smith's economic theory.
B. Isaac Newton's model of the universe.
C. Mozart's compositions for piano.
D. Leibniz's philosophical writings.
7. A central tenet of Deism is that

A. Jesus Christ is the savior of humanity.
B. God created the universe and set the laws of nature in motion and thereafter never again
interfered in human and natural affairs.
C. God reveals himself in the human heart.
D. God expresses himself in human feelings.
8. The Encyclopdie was

A. a monumental work of seventeen text volumes and eleven books of illustrations.
B. sponsored by the French authorities.
C. edited by Voltaire.
D. dedicated to the high culture of the arts and humanities.
9. Another name for laissez-faire economics is

A. the guild system.
B. free trade.
C. mercantilism.
D. a government-run system.
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10. Who was the editor of the Encyclopdie?

A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B. Voltaire
C. Denis Diderot
D. Adam Smith
11. The originators of laissez-faire economics were

A. Voltaire and Rousseau.
B. the Physiocrats and Adam Smith.
C. Diderot and Montesquieu.
D. the "enlightened despots" of the eighteenth century.
12. Engravers from which of the following nations trained a generation of artists in the
mezzotint technique?
A. Spain
B. France
C. Italy
D. the Netherlands
13. Who laid out his philosophy of skepticism in A Treatise of Human Nature?
A. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
B. Baron de Montesquieu
C. David Hume
D. John Locke
14. ________, as a limited monarchy, became the ideal model for many philosophes.
A. Great Britain
B. France
C. Sweden
D. Spain
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15. The Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

A. was one of the most ardent supporters of the Enlightenment.
B. ruled over an empire that included only Austrian Germans.
C. attempted to reform her government and army.
D. never had the support of her people, who held her in contempt.
16. The outstanding example of enlightened despotism in the Age of Reason was
A. Austria under Joseph II.
B. Russia under Peter the Great.
C. France under Louis XVI.
D. Great Britain under George I.
17. The originator of the rococo style in painting was

A. Hogarth.
B. Watteau.
C. Fragonard.
D. Boucher.
18. Watteau specialized in which subject?

A. domestic interiors
B. aristocratic entertainments
C. portraits
D. still lifes
19. The works of ________ were famous for their unabashed sexuality.
A. Watteau
B. Hogarth
C. Boucher
D. David
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20. Which was NOT a prominent design element in rococo interiors?

A. mirrors
B. chandeliers
C. religious images
D. rocaille
21. A splendid example of a rococo interior is the

A. Library of Kenwood House, London.
B. Salon de la Princesse in the Htel de Soubise, Paris.
C. Hall of Mirrors in the palace at Versailles.
D. auditorium of the Pantheon, Paris.
22. Which technological innovation is associated with Hogarth's art?

A. He was the pioneer of the lithography process.
B. He was the first artist to run off multiple engravings of his paintings.
C. He was the progenitor of drypoint.
D. He was the originator of prints in newspapers.
23. Which author wrote novels that were sentimental domestic dramas?
A. Henry Fielding
B. Alexander Pope
C. Edward Gibbon
D. Samuel Richardson
24. Of which painting style was Jacques-Louis David the primary exponent?
A. romanticism
B. rococo
C. neoclassicism
D. orphism
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25. Neoclassicism was characterized by

A. frivolous subjects.
B. a focus on anatomy and life drawings.
C. weightless floating images.
D. an undercurrent of eroticism.
26. Neoclassical architecture relied on the ideals of

A. grandiosity and monumentality.
B. architectural detail and Roman forms.
C. abstraction and nonrepresentation.
D. airiness and lightness.
27. Which of the following is a composition for orchestra?

A. concerto
B. symphony
C. sonata
D. None of these answers is correct.
28. Rousseau's democratic ideas reflected his origins as a citizen of the

A. nation-state of England.
B. world.
C. city-state of Geneva.
D. Holy Roman Empire.
29. Montesquieu's most enduring idea in The Spirit of the Laws is that
A. governments should be based on the consent of the governed.
B. governments are created to protect property.
C. a separation of powers prevents governments from becoming tyrannical.
D. natural rights are inalienable.
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30. Who of the following, considered an "enlightened despot", was a pragmatic diplomat, a
skilled military tactician, and a student of the Enlightenment and French culture who ruled
Prussia and converted it into a leading European power?
A. Queen Anne
B. George III
C. Louis XV
D. Frederick II
31. Which writer's intensely personal autobiography foreshadowed romanticism?

A. Montesquieu
B. Diderot
C. Voltaire
D. Rousseau
32. Voltaire's chief aim in Candide was to satirize the

A. philosophy of optimism.
B. institution of monarchy.
C. practice of arranged marriages.
D. legal system of France.
33. English neoclassical writers and their readers shared which values?
A. lightheartedness and love of luxury
B. formality and courtliness
C. moralism and religiosity
D. free-spiritedness and unconventionality
34. Rousseau's philosophy differed from that of Locke by asserting that

A. the state cannot give its citizens basic civil rights or a moral purpose.
B. human beings are born free and equal in nature.
C. the people are represented by the state through a legislature or parliament.
D. the people themselves collectively personify the state through the general will.
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35. What new literary form was developed in the Age of Reason?
A. the novel
B. the epic
C. the sonnet
D. the philosophic dialogue
36. Eighteenth-century novelists generally wrote about

A. famous historical events.
B. legends or fables.
C. ordinary people.
D. glamorous personages.
37. Which of the following musicians composed the Surprise Symphony?

A. Franz Joseph Haydn
B. Philippe Rameau
C. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
D. Franois Couperin
38. Fielding's The History of Tom Jones is a

A. sentimental domestic drama.
B. robust comedy and adventure tale.
C. tragic situation brought on by fate.
D. legendary tale of a famous highwayman.
39. The perfect instrument for rococo music was the

A. violin.
B. trumpet.
C. harpsichord.
D. organ.
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40. The music of Couperin is a perfect counterpart to the

A. paintings of David.
B. poems of Alexander Pope.
C. art of Watteau.
D. architecture of Robert Adam.
41. Which of the following is NOT considered part of a traditional sonata?

A. exposition
B. scherzo
C. development
D. recapitulation
42. All of the following were contributions by Mozart EXCEPT

A. new musical forms.
B. religious works.
C. instrumental music.
D. operas.
43. In The Marriage of Figaro, Mozart presents a

A. study of the impact of a mythical hero on history.
B. brief one-act opera on the role of women in Austrian society.
C. humorous account of how the lower class can outwit the upper class.
D. romantic opera that plays on the theme of rejected love.
44. Which of the following musicians considered as demeaning his post as court musician in
the service of the archbishop of Salzburg?
A. Franz Joseph Haydn
B. Philippe Rameau
C. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
D. Franois Couperin
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45. Rameau made his major achievement as a composer of

A. dramatic operas.
B. sonatas.
C. comic operas.
D. symphonies
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Essay Questions
46. Discuss the most important characteristics of eighteenth-century European society. How
were they reflected in the arts?
Answers will vary
47. What were the leading goals, ideals, figures, and contributions of the Enlightenment to the
Western tradition?
Answers will vary
48. How would you characterize Mary Wollstonecraft's version of feminism? What were her
key concerns, and what solutions did she propose?
Answers will vary
49. Define Deism. What were its intellectual origins?

Answers will vary
50. What innovations occurred in music during the Age of Reason?

Answers will vary
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51. What was enlightened despotism? Where and why did it develop in the eighteenth
century? Discuss the successes and failures of this political system, focusing on one of the
enlightened despots discussed in the textbook.
Answers will vary
52. Identify the characteristics and leading figures of the rococo style of art. How did painters
like Hogarth respond to this style?
Answers will vary
53. Discuss the rise of the novel in eighteenth-century England. What conditions encouraged
its development, who were the first novelists, and what were their themes?
Answers will vary
54. What influences helped to bring about the neoclassical style? What were its
characteristics?
Answers will vary
55. Why did most of the philosophes reject absolutism and support an alternative form of
government? Compare the alternative types of government preferred by Montesquieu and
Rousseau.
Answers will vary
56. How did English society influence the rise of neoclassicism in literature? Focus on the
writings of Alexander Pope and Edward Gibbon.
Answers will vary
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Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

Multiple Choice Questions

2. The Enlightenment owed intellectual debts to all of the following EXCEPT

3. The Enlightenment was essentially a product of cultural life in

4. The philosophes called for all of the following reforms EXCEPT

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

5. Of which religion was John Wesley the founder?

6. Deism was based on

7. A central tenet of Deism is that

8. The Encyclopdie was

9. Another name for laissez-faire economics is

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

10. Who was the editor of the Encyclopdie?

11. The originators of laissez-faire economics were

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

15. The Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

17. The originator of the rococo style in painting was

18. Watteau specialized in which subject?

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

20. Which was NOT a prominent design element in rococo interiors?

21. A splendid example of a rococo interior is the

22. Which technological innovation is associated with Hogarth's art?

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

25. Neoclassicism was characterized by

26. Neoclassical architecture relied on the ideals of

27. Which of the following is a composition for orchestra?

28. Rousseau's democratic ideas reflected his origins as a citizen of the

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

31. Which writer's intensely personal autobiography foreshadowed romanticism?

32. Voltaire's chief aim in Candide was to satirize the

34. Rousseau's philosophy differed from that of Locke by asserting that

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

36. Eighteenth-century novelists generally wrote about

37. Which of the following musicians composed the Surprise Symphony?

38. Fielding's The History of Tom Jones is a

39. The perfect instrument for rococo music was the

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

40. The music of Couperin is a perfect counterpart to the

41. Which of the following is NOT considered part of a traditional sonata?

42. All of the following were contributions by Mozart EXCEPT

43. In The Marriage of Figaro, Mozart presents a

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

45. Rameau made his major achievement as a composer of

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

49. Define Deism. What were its intellectual origins?

50. What innovations occurred in music during the Age of Reason?

Chapter 17 - The Age of Reason 1700-1789

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