Chap 012

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494
Chapter 12
The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494
Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which is the term for singing without instrumental accompaniment?
A. a cappella
B. motet
C. imitation
D. chanson
2. The Peace of Lodi, signed in 1454,

A. ended the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
B. brought on several decades of peace in the Italian peninsula.
C. resulted in the expulsion of the French from Italy.
D. made the papacy the most powerful state in Italy.
3. The signori in early Renaissance Italy were the

A. paid soldiers of fortune who operated independent armies.
B. advisers to the popes at court in Rome.
C. autocratic rulers of the Italian states.
D. begging monks in the mendicant holy orders.
4. The most significant consequence of Renaissance warfare was the

A. introduction of cannon.
B. use of mercenary soldiers.
C. creation of alliances.
D. development of diplomacy as an alternative to war.
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5. The status of women during the early Renaissance in Italy

A. declined significantly as they lost financial power.
B. did not appreciably improve, despite increased opportunities for education.
C. changed dramatically, as they won new political rights.
D. improved socially, as they were allowed to marry whomever they chose.
6. Who was considered the most representative of the Renaissance popes because of his
interest in Greek and Roman classics and in writing poetry himself?
A. Pius II
B. Nicholas V
C. Sixtus IV
D. Innocent III
7. The most prominent center of the early Renaissance was

A. Venice.
B. Rome.
C. Florence.
D. Siena.
8. Which of the following Italian states did NOT sign the Peace of Lodi in 1454?
A. Florence
B. Genoa
C. Milan
D. Venice
9. The late-fifteenth-century popes

A. initiated a series of reforms aimed at improving the morals of the clergy.
B. supported the conciliar movement.
C. were patrons of Renaissance culture.
D. held aloof from Italian politics.
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10. Pope Pius II is remembered as

A. the pope who reformed the monastic orders.
B. the patron of arts for Florentine painters.
C. a scholar and clever political leader.
D. the leader of a plot to unseat the patriarch of Constantinople.
11. What was a civic humanist?

A. a civil servant loyal only to the ruling family of an Italian city-state
B. a hired soldier of fortune in charge of the civilians in an Italian city-state
C. a proponent of the idea that an educated citizenry enhanced the civic community
D. a member of a pope's inner circle of advisers
12. Who directed the Platonic Academy?

A. Cosimo de' Medici
B. Pico della Mirandola
C. Marsilio Ficino
D. Sandro Botticelli
13. Early Renaissance scholars were especially attracted to the writings of

A. Aristotle.
B. the Stoics.
C. Cicero.
D. the Greek dramatists.
14. Laura Cereta, in her own defense, claimed that she

A. was superior intellectually to other women.
B. thought just as a man does.
C. was a typical woman in that she is capable of learning.
D. could outthink any man.
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15. Among its other definitions, the term studia humanitatis means
A. practical guidelines for taking care of the socially disadvantaged.
B. humane studies in military warfare.
C. a curriculum for monks who are searching for interpretations of the Bible.
D. a concern with the literary culture of Greco-Roman antiquity.
16. Which humanistic scholar made himself the leading voice of Florentine Neoplatonism by
reconciling Platonic philosophy and Christian teachings?
A. Lorenzo Valla
B. Marsilio Ficino
C. Leonardo Bruni
D. Vittorino da Feltre
17. Which literary scholar exposed the Donation of Constantine as a forgery?

A. Laura Cereta
B. Lorenzo Valla
C. Leonardo Bruni
D. Vittorino da Feltre
18. Who of the following founded the Vatican Library, an institution virtually unrivaled today
for its holdings of manuscripts and books?
A. Fra Savonarola
B. Pope Pius I
C. Pope Nicholas V
D. Pope Sixtus IV
19. Vittorino da Feltre contributed to the early Renaissance as a

A. painter who first used linear perspective.
B. literary scholar who studied comparative texts.
C. sculptor who reintroduced contrapposto.
D. founder of a school for humanistic studies.
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20. Ficino, the leader of Florence's Platonic Academy,

A. reconciled Greek and Byzantine thought.
B. harmonized Platonic and Aristotelian thought.
C. wrote a treatise on painting.
D. developed a spiritual interpretation of love.
21. Early Renaissance Neoplatonism

A. was essentially the same as late Roman Neoplatonism.
B. could not be made compatible with Christianity.
C. taught that Platonic love was superior to erotic love.
D. failed to capture the attention of many thinkers and artists.
22. Pico della Mirandola was a

A. modest individual who refused to speak out for his views.
B. monk who denounced the Florentine art movement.
C. scholar trained and expert in many disciplines.
D. follower of mystical and pietistic learning.
23. Which of the following ended the Great Schism?

A. the Concordat of Worms
B. the Magna Carta
C. the Council of Constance
D. the Fourth Lateran Council
24. Central to the thought of Pico della Mirandola was the belief that
A. individuals have free will and thus can raise or lower themselves.
B. all human beings are morally imperfect.
C. all human beings must trust in God's mercy for salvation.
D. God helps those who help themselves.
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25. The early Renaissance style was launched by artists who wanted to
A. continue in the late Gothic style.
B. embrace the medieval past.
C. capture but not copy the classical style.
D. create elaborate, ornate works of art and architecture.
26. The visual arts of the early Renaissance followed the classical ideals of
A. balance and harmony.
B. grandiosity and flamboyance.
C. abstraction and subjectivity.
D. sentimentality and prettiness.
27. The fourteenth-century painter who most inspired early Renaissance artists was
A. Cimabue.
B. Giotto.
C. Masaccio.
D. Pisano.
28. Linear perspective in painting means

A. a way to create a sense of three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface.
B. how to put more than four objects in a painting.
C. what the artist does when he uses lines to define an object on the canvas.
D. those lines will always run horizontally in a painting.
29. Brunelleschi's most lasting work is the

A. dome on the Santa Croce church.
B. dome on the Florentine cathedral.
C. bell tower next to the Florentine cathedral.
D. city hall of Florence.
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30. Brunelleschi solved the problem of the dome for the Florentine cathedral by
A. constructing a dome of wedged stones as in the Pantheon in Rome.
B. employing sets of diagonal ribs based on the pointed arch.
C. using reinforced rods and a new type of concrete.
D. borrowing the classical post-and-lintel model.
31. In building the Pazzi Chapel, Brunelleschi

A. put a Gothic spire on the chapel.
B. turned to Gothic sculpture for decorations.
C. adhered to classical design and proportions.
D. copied the basilica floor plan
32. Who of the following won the competition to select a sculptor for the north doors of
Florence's Baptistery?
A. Masaccio
B. Lorenzo Ghiberti
C. Donatello
D. Filippo Brunelleschi
33. Which of the following pairs of characters appears in Fra Angelico's Annunciation?
A. Peter and Jesus
B. James and John
C. Mary and Gabriel
D. Joseph and Mary
34. Ghiberti's panels for the east doors of the Florentine Baptistery
A. depict scenes from the New Testament.
B. were cast so as to fit inside Gothic quatrefoils.
C. show his debt to classical ideals.
D. are known as the "Gates of Hell".
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35. According to Ghiberti in his Commentaries, regarding his doors on the Florentine
Baptistery, he
A. wanted to create a highly illusionary work of art.
B. hoped to make a clear presentation of a biblical story.
C. cared very little as to how the public would react.
D. felt indebted to the medieval styles of sculpture.
36. In comparison with the changes occurring in architecture and sculpture, those that
transpired in early Renaissance painting were
A. more radical and far reaching.
B. less innovative.
C. about the same in terms of styles and techniques.
D. less influential on later artistic developments.
37. Masaccio's Holy Trinity fresco offers stylistic similarity to the work of
A. Botticelli, the painter.
B. Brunelleschi, the architect.
C. Pico della Mirandola, the philosopher.
D. Cosimo de' Medici, the patron of arts.
38. Which member of the second generation of Florentine painters was heavily influenced by
Fra Angelico in such works as The Flagellation?
A. Piero della Francesca
B. Bellini
C. Botticelli
D. Leonardo da Vinci
39. Fra Angelico painted with a sense of the new style of the Renaissance, as evidenced by
A. his mastery of depth.
B. his use of drab colors.
C. his inclusion of gold foil in his paintings.
D. the absence of religious symbols in his paintings.
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40. Botticelli's early paintings were influenced by

A. Aristotelianism.
B. Neoplatonism.
C. Epicureanism.
D. Stoicism.
41. Botticelli's early paintings are famous for their

A. Christian themes.
B. female nudes.
C. realistic landscapes.
D. chiaroscuro effects.
42. Leonardo da Vinci is called a "Renaissance man" because he was

A. a model of courtly behavior.
B. intellectually curious about nearly every subject.
C. deeply influenced by Neoplatonism.
D. a strict classicist.
43. Which of the following identifies a multivoiced song set to Latin text other than the
Mass?
A. chanson
B. motet
C. madrigal
D. ballade
44. The Venetian school of Renaissance painting

A. was concerned with lines and the balance of figures on the canvas.
B. was clearly influenced by the Persian miniature paintings.
C. wanted to explore the effects of light and air.
D. was not interested in religious or biblical subjects.
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45. Innovations in early Renaissance music came from the influence of

A. rediscovered classical compositions.
B. the seductive harmonics of English music.
C. the tradition of Byzantine music.
D. the use of mathematical proportion in composition.
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Essay Questions
46. How did Brunelleschi change the direction of architecture during the early Renaissance?
Use one of his buildings as an example.
Answers will vary
47. Trace military and diplomatic developments in the Italian peninsula from 1400 to 1494.
What impact did these events have on society and culture?
Answers will vary
48. Who were the signori? Discuss their roles and impact on the Italian city-states and small
principalities.
Answers will vary
49. What brought about the changes that led to Renaissance music? Who were the leading
composers of the early Renaissance, and what were their contributions?
Answers will vary
50. In what ways did the history of the Medicis reflect broader political trends in the early
Renaissance?
Answers will vary
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51. Was Pope Pius II representative of the Renaissance popes of the fifteenth century?
Explain.
Answers will vary
52. How did the chief ideas common in early Renaissance intellectual life manifest
themselves in the arts? Use two examples from painting, sculpture, architecture, or literature
to support your arguments.
Answers will vary
53. What is meant by "humanistic studies"? What were its origins?

Answers will vary
54. What was civic humanism? What were its ultimate goals?
Answers will vary
55. Discuss the impact of Neoplatonism on the Italian Renaissance. Who was the major voice
of this movement? What were his contributions?
Answers will vary
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Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

Multiple Choice Questions

2. The Peace of Lodi, signed in 1454,

3. The signori in early Renaissance Italy were the

4. The most significant consequence of Renaissance warfare was the

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

5. The status of women during the early Renaissance in Italy

7. The most prominent center of the early Renaissance was

9. The late-fifteenth-century popes

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

10. Pope Pius II is remembered as

11. What was a civic humanist?

12. Who directed the Platonic Academy?

13. Early Renaissance scholars were especially attracted to the writings of

14. Laura Cereta, in her own defense, claimed that she

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

17. Which literary scholar exposed the Donation of Constantine as a forgery?

19. Vittorino da Feltre contributed to the early Renaissance as a

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

20. Ficino, the leader of Florence's Platonic Academy,

21. Early Renaissance Neoplatonism

22. Pico della Mirandola was a

23. Which of the following ended the Great Schism?

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

28. Linear perspective in painting means

29. Brunelleschi's most lasting work is the

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

31. In building the Pazzi Chapel, Brunelleschi

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

40. Botticelli's early paintings were influenced by

41. Botticelli's early paintings are famous for their

42. Leonardo da Vinci is called a "Renaissance man" because he was

44. The Venetian school of Renaissance painting

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

45. Innovations in early Renaissance music came from the influence of

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

Chapter 12 - The Early Renaissance: Return to Classical Roots, 1400-1494

53. What is meant by "humanistic studies"? What were its origins?

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