Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

Chapter 14
Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and
Late Mannerism, 1500-1603
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Both Christian humanism and Renaissance thought
A. emphasized classical studies.
B. concentrated primarily on secular matters.
C. dealt with social issues, especially the plight of women.
D. were influenced by the pietistic movement.

2. What differentiated northern humanists from Italian ones?

A. the northern humanists' emphasis on education
B. the northern humanists' belief in rationalism
C. the northern humanists' preoccupation with the condition of the church
D. the northern humanists' interest in Greco-Roman classics

3. Who wrote Six Books of the Commonwealth?

A. Andreas Vesalius
B. Michel de Montaigne
C. Jean Bodin
D. Desiderius Erasmus

4. How did Rabelais differ from other northern humanists?

A. He affirmed the goodness of human nature.
B. He demonstrated a secular outlook on life.
C. He often made obscene references.
D. He thought that men and women were able to lead useful lives based on reason and
common sense.

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

5. Marguerite of Navarre's lasting achievement was

A. a collection of stories written in the style of Boccaccio's Decameron.
B. the painting of portraits modeled on the style of Michelangelo.
C. founding the religious order of Ursuline nuns.
D. the adapting of the Italian madrigal to French musical tastes.

6. What was the theme of Erasmus's Praise of Folly?

A. It was a defense of the Catholic Church against its critics.
B. It offered a justification for Luther's faith.
C. It satirized many individuals and institutions of his day.
D. It defended the doctrine of predestination.

7. What was Erasmus's fate?

A. He founded Protestantism.
B. He alienated both the Catholics and the Protestants.
C. In defending the Catholics, he lost the support of the Protestants.
D. He became a wandering scholar without credibility.

8. In his Essays, Montaigne viewed humans and human nature

A. with an optimistic outlook, for he had faith in fellow human beings.
B. without any hope, since all humans were sinners.
C. as vain and insignificant, but he avoided total skepticism in his outlook.
D. through the eyes of conventional Christian beliefs.

9. Which of the following is correct regarding Elizabethan England?

A. It fell into economic and international decline.
B. It experienced a cultural flowering, especially with a secular and commercial theater.
C. It became the leader of Europe's Catholic states.
D. All these answers are correct.

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

10. Shakespeare's reputation is greatest for which literary genre?

A. comedy
B. history
C. sonnet
D. tragedy

11. Which is a mannerist feature in Shakespeare's Hamlet?

A. The main character, Hamlet, is portrayed from a single vantage point.
B. Hamlet is wracked with self-disgust.
C. Hamlet has an unrealistically high opinion of the human race.
D. It adheres to classical ideals.

12. How did the Protestant Reformation begin to affect painting and sculpture in the 1520s?
A. Protestants now began to build elaborately decorated churches.
B. Zealous Protestants destroyed some works of art.
C. The fresco became the dominant expression of Protestant creativity.
D. Religious art was commissioned for Protestant homes.

13. Whose paintings represent a continuation of the late Gothic style rather than a northern
development of Renaissance tendencies?
A. Albrecht Drer
B. Matthias Grnewald
C. Hieronymus Bosch
D. Pieter Bruegel the Elder

14. Besides paintings, Drer also is known for his

A. engravings.
B. sculptures.
C. bronze castings.
D. architectural designs.

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

15. What techniques did Hieronymus Bosch borrow from Flemish art?
A. jewel tones and gleaming surfaces
B. disjunctive perspective and repetitive facial types
C. chiaroscuro and dark colors
D. sweeping landscapes and precise detail

16. Bosch'sGarden of Earthly Delights depicts

A. heaven.
B. heaven and hell.
C. the Garden of Eden, a garden devoted to fleshly sins, and hell.
D. Erasmus's vision of the good life.

17. A theme of the Isenheim Altarpiece was the

A. horror and anguish of the fate of Jesus.
B. belief that humanity is basically good.
C. encoding of religious myth within an allegory using animals.
D. use of classical myth to express a Christian message.

18. Pieter Bruegel's paintings were

A. products of the Catholic Reformation.
B. efforts to capture the ordinary lives of peasants.
C. expressions of the late Gothic style.
D. judged to be lewd and immoral in his day.

19. In which country did Protestantism first appear?

A. England
B. Germany
C. France
D. Spain

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

20. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the disintegration of the Catholic Church?
A. the growing corruption within the church
B. the external threat of Islam from the Middle East
C. the rise of sovereign states
D. the impact of humanism and humanistic studies

21. With which city's university was Martin Luther associated when he published his famous
Ninety-five Theses?
A. Paris
B. Cologne
C. Wittenburg
D. Strasbourg

22. The one event that upset Luther and ultimately launched the Protestant Reformation was
the
A. collection of Peter's Pence in his town.
B. appointing of the Bishop of Mainz by the local prince.
C. selling of indulgences in Germany.
D. crowning of the Duke of Saxony by the pope.

23. An indulgence was

A. a grant from the pope for a Christian to indulge in sinful living.
B. a pardon that reduced the time spent for doing penance.
C. the taking of the Holy Eucharist while in a state of sin.
D. the sale of a church office.

24. Luther attacked the sale of indulgences in his

A. Ninety-five Theses.
B. Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation.
C. treatise on free will.
D. translation of the Bible.

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

25. In his search for answers to his sense of sin, Luther finally found the solution through the
A. preachings of the local bishop.
B. biblical passages stressing salvation through one's faith.
C. forgiving quality of the clergy.
D. use of the seven sacraments.

26. The Lutheran reforms positively affected women by

A. calling for equality between husbands and wives.
B. opening state-run schools for young women.
C. enabling clergy to marry and thus giving respectability to marriage.
D. permitting women to become priests.

27. Calvin's concept of predestination meant that

A. each priest had the power to save his congregation.
B. every believer who took the sacraments was saved.
C. only God knew who was saved or not saved.
D. all Christians were predestined to die and go to purgatory.

28. Closely associated with Calvinism was the belief that

A. everyone who makes money will be damned.
B. being lazy or industrious has no effect on one's soul.
C. one's outward behavior has no effect on salvation.
D. worldly success was a sign of God's approval.

29. Who of the following founded Anglicanism?

A. Henry VIII
B. Elizabeth I
C. Martin Luther
D. John Calvin

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

30. The success of the Society of Jesus was due to all of these reasons EXCEPT the
A. zeal and leadership of its founder, Loyola.
B. dedication and discipline of its members.
C. support given the order by the papacy.
D. sympathy of Protestants who secretly admired them.

31. Which was an accomplishment of the Council of Trent?

A. It condemned indulgences.
B. It adopted the Protestant belief that the Bible alone was the basis of authority on the word
of God.
C. It affirmed that salvation should be sought by faith and good works.
D. It resolved to try to mend the split in Christian Europe.

32. What movement or style dominated Spanish painting after 1564, but left Spanish literature
largely untouched?
A. humanism
B. early mannerism
C. late mannerism
D. chivalric satire

33. The most representative mannerist artist in Spain who captured the spirit of the Catholic
Reformation was
A. Velzquez.
B. Goya.
C. El Greco.
D. Dal'.

34. El Greco's painting style represents

A. the essence of Spanish emotionalism and religious zeal.
B. the spirit of Greek art adapted to Spanish conditions.
C. the restrained ideal of High Renaissance art.
D. a throwback to the Byzantine style of his native Crete.

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

35. What was Sofonisba Anguissola's artistic achievement?

A. She pioneered the three-quarter-length portrait.
B. She introduced Italian art to northern Europe.
C. She helped introduce the Italian school of art to Spain.
D. She adapted the style of Leonardo to French tastes.

36. Who is credited with reviving Spanish theater in the sixteenth century?
A. Miguel de Cervantes
B. Lazarillo de Tormes
C. Lope de Vega
D. Lopez de Segura

37. Which new literary genre flourished in Spain in the sixteenth century?
A. chivalric novel
B. chansons de geste
C. romance
D. picaresque novel

38. What is the name of Don Quixote's male sidekick in Cervantes's novel?
A. Sancho Panza
B. Lazarillo de Tormes
C. Dulcinea
D. Gabby Hayes

39. Who of the following specialized in word paintingsmusical illustrations of the written
text?
A. Miguel de Cervantes
B. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
C. Thomas Weelkes
D. El Greco

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

40. Which of the following is NOT true of late-sixteenth-century Catholic Church music?
A. Clarity of words was sacrificed to musical sounds.
B. It became simpler in many ways.
C. The Council of Trent decreed that music should be easily understood by the illiterate
masses.
D. Palestrina set the standard for the Catholic ideal for the next few centuries.

41. What type of song was most expressive of late-sixteenth-century music?

A. Gregorian chant
B. canzone
C. motet
D. madrigal

42. Which of the following was NOT a legacy of Protestantism?

A. glorification of the work ethic
B. Puritanism
C. condemnation of capitalism
D. the notion that human beings can commune directly with God

43. The leading exponent of late mannerism in Italy, Tintoretto, had a style that could be
described as
A. feverish and emotional.
B. restrained and stately.
C. Gothic and decadent.
D. discordant and alienating.

44. What action brought an end to Phillip II's success and good fortune?
A. his campaign against the Turks in the Mediterranean
B. his invasion of Portugal
C. his campaign against the Muslims in southern Spain
D. his campaign against the United Provinces in the northern Netherlands

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

45. Bruegel's The Painter and the Connoisseur pioneered what new subject in art?
A. a secular depiction of the pope
B. the concept of self-satire by the artist
C. a satiric view of the relations between an artist and an art expert
D. a satiric view of the relationship between the artist and the church

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

Essay Questions
46. Discuss the origins and beliefs of the Society of Jesus.
Answers will vary

47. Discuss the literary achievement of Marguerite of Navarre and describe the social world
within which she wrote.
Answers will vary

48. What made Erasmus a leading figure among the humanists? Discuss his beliefs as they
were manifested in his writings.
Answers will vary

49. What events brought about the English Reformation?

Answers will vary

50. How are Shakespeare's insights into human nature expressed in Hamlet? In what ways is
Hamlet a mannerist work?
Answers will vary

51. Describe some of the responses used by secular leaders to the religious dissent brought on
by the Protestant Reformation, including the actions of Charles V and Phillip II.
Answers will vary

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Chapter 14 - Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism, 15001603

52. Explain the basic ideas of Calvinism and show how they affected societies where large
numbers of Calvinists were citizens.
Answers will vary

53. What impact did the Counter-Reformation have on El Greco? How was this revealed in
his paintings?
Answers will vary

54. What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation?

Answers will vary

55. What role did politics play in Luther's successful revolt against the Catholic Church? How
did Luther's religious ideas, especially toward the relations between church and state, reflect
the political situation in Germany?
Answers will vary

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