Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
6, December 2012
Introduction
Recently, concerning the desire to develop methods
for the reduction in the amounts of gases that causes
the global earth warming, low-cost and energy-saving
method are encouraged. Also, research on the
production of renewable energies has continuously
advanced [1-3].
High temperatures are generated by focusing solar
light on metal oxides, thereby reducing the metal
oxides by the generated high temperatures. As a result
228
1
2
Fe 3 O4 Fe + O2 , H373 kJ/mol.
3
3
(1)
H838 kJ/mol.
(2)
resolve and the melted oxides are set outside the metal
nanoparticles. The surrounding liquid cools the metal
change chemically.
229
(a)
(b)
FIG. 2 SINTERED METAL PAST E. (A) FE AND (B) AL
TABLE I MEAS URED ELECTRICAL RES ISTANCE
Al
Large
(unmeasurable)
Large
(unmeasurable)
Large
(unmeasurable)
Large
(unmeasurable)
Paste after
sintering[]
0.0
0.0
230
600
Al
Al 2 O3
500
Intensity (arb. unit)
Fe
Paste[]
400
300
200
100
0
20
30
40
50
2 (degree)
60
70
80
(a)
350
Fe
Fe3 O4
300
Al
Original powder[]
250
200
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
50
2 (degree)
60
70
80
(b)
FIG. 3 RESULT S OF XRD ANALYSIS: (A) AL AND (B) FE
Air cell
An experimental setup for testing air cells is shown in
Fig. 4. Fe (JIS G3141) and Al (JIS 1050) plates were
used as the metal plates in the negative electrodes. The
dimensions of the metal plates were set to be 20 mm x
15 mm x 0.5 mm. However, the size of the metal paste
was set to be 8 x15 mm 2, which is almost half of the
metal plate, because of the difference in duration of
the output voltage between the use of the metal pastes
and that of the conventional metal plates. The
electrical property of the sintered metal pastes on the
metal plates was compared with that of the
conventional metal plates. Here, a Pt-doped carbon
electrode with a layer for diffusing oxygen was used
as the positive electrode. A separator made of 8 pieces
of papers piled up was set between the positive
electrode and the negative metal electrode. The
thickness of each piece of paper was 0.1 mm. Saturated
salt water was injected into each piece of papers at
intervals of 5 minutes. Th e chemical formulas of Fe air
cells are shown below:
1
O2 + H 2O + 2e 2OH ,
2
Fe + 2OH Fe(OH) 2 + 2e .
(3 )
3
3
O2 + H 2O + 3e 3OH ,
4
2
Al + 3OH Al(OH) 3 + 3e .
(4)
231
out
1.5
0.5
0
-10
10
20
30
40
Time (Min.)
50
60
70
(a)
2
Mg
Al
Fe paste -Al
Al paste -Mg
28 mA
Al paste -Al
27 mA
out
1.5
23 mA
0.5
20
40
60
Time (Min.)
80
100
120
(b)
FIG. 5 MEASURED OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF METAL AIR CELLS.
THE LOAD WAS (A) 1K AND (B) A MOTOR
232
233
[3]
[4]
Production
by
Three -Ste p
Solar
[7]
[11] M.
Kawasaki
fragme ntative
and
N.
Nishimura,Laser-induce d
July 2007.
15655, Se p. 2008.
Mee ting of
The
Laser
pp.113110-113116, De c. 2008.
Yoshida,
C.
July 2007.
H.
Fujita,
M.
Nakatsuka,
and
May 2009.
T. Saiki, S. Motokoshi, K. Imasaki, K. Fujioka, H.
pulse
lase r
using
Cr4+-dope d
yttrium
234
ce ramic
[8]
July 1988.
[6]
[2]
REFERENCES
[1]
[9]
8, 1993.
[18] Y. Kudo, M. Suzuki, Al slid-stage Air Ce lls, Japan