Nivel Bsico de Ingls

18. Adjetivos Comparativos en Ingls I: 'Ms' y 'El ms'

Es muy comn comparar cosas utilizando adjetivos, por ejemplo: Ese coche
es pequeo pero el otro esms pequeo. stos se llaman adjetivos
comparativos.
Tambin vale la pena aprender la forma superlativa de los adjetivos con
relacin a su forma comparativa, ya que estn relacionadas. Por ejemplo en el
caso del adjetivo 'pequeo', 'ms pequeo' es la forma comparativa y el ms
pequeo es la forma superlativa.
REGLAS PARA FORMAR EL COMPARATIVO Y EL SUPERLATIVO EN INGLS

1. En ingls, a la mayora de los adjetivos se les aade un er al final para

formar el comparativo yest para formar el superlativo.
My apartment is small Mi apartamento es pequeo
My brothers apartment is smaller El apartamento de mi hermano es ms
pequeo
Amandas apartment is the smallest El apartamento de Amanda es el ms
pequeo
Haga click aqu para escuchar
Aqu se presentan otros ejemplos comunes de comparativos y superlativos en
ingls:
Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

Long largo

Longer

Longest

Short corto/bajo

Shorter

Shortest

Older

Oldest

Younger

Youngest

High alto

Higher

Highest

Low bajo

Lower

Lowest

Cheaper

Cheapest

Fast - rpido

Faster

Fastest

Slow lento

Slower

Slowest

Wide ancho

Wider

Widest

Narrow estrecho

Narrower

Narrowest

Strong fuerte

Stronger

Strongest

Weak dbil

Weaker

Weakest

Great grande

Greater

Greatest

Calm tranquilo

Calmer

Calmest

Old viejo
Young joven

Cheap - barato

Hard duro/difcil

Harder

Hardest

Soft blando (tambin el

opuesto de loud)

Softer

Softest

Loud fuerte (ruido)

Louder

Loudest

Cold fro

Colder

coldest

Clean limpio

Cleaner

Cleanest

Smart listo

Smarter

Smartest

Stupid - estpido

Stupider

Stupidest

Haga click aqu para escuchar

Ejemplos:
This dress is cheap Este vestido es barato
Mine is cheaper El mio es ms barato
Her dress is the cheapest El vestido de ella es el ms barato
Haga click aqu para escuchar

2. Si el adjetivo termina en e, slo se aade una rpara el comparativo

y 'st' para el superlativo:
Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

Nice amable

Nicer

Nicest

Late tarde

Later

Latest

Rare raro/poco comn

Rarer

Rarest

Haga click aqu para escuchar

Ejemplos:
This salesman is nice but the first one was nicer Este vendedor es
amable pero el primero era ms amable.
However, the secretary was the nicest Sin embargo, la secretaria era la
ms amable
Haga click aqu para escuchar
Nota: El adjetivo nice en el ingls coloquial tambin significa bueno o lindo.
Por ejemplo:
This is a nice house sta es una casa linda
Haga click aqu para escuchar

3. Algunos adjetivos que terminan en consonante, duplican la consonante final

para formar el comparativo y el superlativo, as:

Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

Fatter

Fattest

Thin delgado

Thinner

Thinnest

Hot caliente

Hotter

Hottest

Big grande

Bigger

Biggest

Wet mojado

Wetter

Wettest

Sad triste

Sadder

Saddest

Fat gordo

Haga click aqu para escuchar

4. Cuando el adjetivo termina en y, se cambia la ypor una i y se aade al

final er para formar el comparativo y 'est' para formar el superlativo, de la
siguiente manera:
Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

Sunny soleado

Sunnier

Sunniest

Happy feliz

Happier

Happiest

Funny gracioso

Funnier

Funniest

Pretty bonito

Prettier

Prettiest

Tasty sabroso

Tastier

Tastiest

Dusty empolvado

Dustier

Dustiest

Dirty sucio

Dirtier

Dirtiest

Heavy pesado

Heavier

Heaviest

Rainy - lluvioso

Rainier

Rainiest

Cloudy nublado

Cloudier

Cloudiest

Scary miedoso

Scarier

Scariest

Early temprano

Earlier

Earliest

Drier

Driest

Hungry hambriento

Hungrier

Hungriest

Thirsty sediento

Thirstier

Thirstiest

Dry seco

Haga click aqu para escuchar

En los adjetivos de arriba es posible usar more(ms) y most (el ms)
para formar el comparativo y el superlativo como por
ejemplo:'thirsty' (sediento), 'more thirsty' (ms sediento) y'most
thirsty' (el ms sediento); pero esto no es muy comn y suena raro. Es mejor
usar las formas dadas en las tablas de arriba.

5. Algunos adjetivos sin embargo, no tienen una forma diferente para el

comparativo o el superlativo, y se debe usar more y most para formarlos.

En general son adjetivos que tienen ms de dos slabas o terminan

en ful, ing, ous, ive, ish, al, abley ed.
Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

More beautiful

Most beautiful

More careful

Most careful

More interesting

Most interesting

More boring

Most boring

More ridiculous

Most ridiculous

Childish infantil

More childish

Most childish

Selfish egosta

More selfish

Most selfish

Delicious delicioso

More delicious

Most delicious

Exciting emocionante

More exciting

Most exciting

More complicated

Most complicated

More intuitive

Most intuitive

Informative
informativo

More informative

Most informative

Compulsive compulsivo

More compulsive

Most compulsive

More obsessive

Most obsessive

Creative creativo

More creative

Most creative

Selective selectivo

More selective

Most selective

Pensive pensativo

More pensative

Most pensative

Comfortable cmodo

More comfortable

Most comfortable

Tolerable soportable

More tolerable

Most tolerable

Bearable aguantable

More bearable

Most bearable

Economical econmico

More economical

Most economical

Expensive costoso

More expensive

Most expensive

Conservative
conservador

More conservative

Most conservative

Liberal liberal

More liberal

Most liberal

More suspicious

Most suspicious

Gracious amable

More gracious

Most gracious

Generous generoso

More generous

Most generous

More impressive

Most impressive

Painful doloroso

More painful

Most painful

Joyful alegre

More joyful

Most joyful

Sinful pecador

More sinful

Most sinful

Beautiful bonito
Careful cuidadoso
Interesting interesante
Boring aburrido
Ridiculous ridculo

Complicated
complicado
Intuitive intuitivo

Obsessive obsesivo

Suspicious sospechoso

Impressive
impresionante

Grateful agradecido

More grateful

Most grateful

Thankful agradecido

More thankful

Most thankful

Protected protegido

More protected

Most protected

More scared

Most scared

Frightened asustado

More frightened

Most frightented

Reserved reservado

More reserved

Most reserved

Satisfied - satisfecho

More satisfied

Most satisfied

Scared asustado

Haga click aqu para escuchar

Ahora algunos ejemplos:
You were scared but I was more scared Estabas asustado pero yo estaba
ms asustado
However, my sister was the most scared No obstante mi hermana era la
ms asustada
Haga click aqu para escuchar

6. Hay tres adjetivos en ingls muy comunes que son irregulares. Ellos tienen
comparativos y superlativos completamente distintos; stos son:
Adjetivo

Comparativo

Superlativo

Good bueno

Better

Best

Bad - malo

Worse

Worst

More

Most

A lot mucho
Haga click aqu para escuchar
Ejemplos:

This store is good - Esta tienda es buena

That one is better Esa es mejor
The third store is the best La tercera tienda es la mejor
This book is bad Este libro es malo
That one is worse Ese es peor
However, the other book is the worst Sin embargo, el otro libro es el
peor
Rita has a lot of work to do Rita tiene mucho trabajo por hacer
Paul has more work Paul tiene ms trabajo
Carl has the most work Carl tiene ms trabajo que todos
Haga click aqu para escuchar

Comparative/superlative
Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing
two things. The two basic ways to compare are using as ..
as or than. Examples of each are shown below:

She's twice as old as her sister.

He's not as stupid as he looks!

I'm almost as good in maths as in science.

This book is not as exciting as the last one.

The cafeteria is not as crowded as usual.

Russian is not quite as difficult as Chinese.

This computer is better than that one.

She's stronger at chess than I am.

It's much colder today than it was yesterday.

Our car is bigger than your car.

This grammar topic is easier than most others.

I find science more difficult than mathematics.

Today's ESL lesson was more interesting than usual.

Note: In each of the example sentences above, the comparative form of

the adjective is shown. See the foot of this page for information about the
comparison of adverbs.

When comparing with as .. as, the adjective does not change.

When comparing with than, however, some changes are
necessary, depending on the number of syllables the adjective has:
1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective

My sister is much taller than me.

It's colder today than it was yesterday.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is

usually doubled in the comparative. Examples: big-bigger, fat-fatter, hot-hotter.

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -ier

She's looking happier today.

This grammar topic is easier than the last one.

Why is everyone else luckier than me?

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-syllable adverbs ending in y must be compared with the word more. Example: I drive more quickly (quicklier)
than my brother.

Other 2-syllable adjectives: use more with the unchanged

adjective

The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.

Is there anything more boring than reading about
grammar?
My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with
mine.

Note: The comparative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with er. Examples:simple-simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower. To be sure which
comparative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the

unchanged adjective

Russian grammar is more difficult than English grammar.

My sister is much more intelligent than me.

I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons.

The older you get, the more irritating you become.

In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how it is the
best, worst, etc. You do not compare two things. The following
guidelines apply to the superlative:
1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the)

My sister is the tallest in our family.

Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is

usually doubled in the superlative. Examples: big-biggest, fat-fattest, hot-hottest.

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to iest (plus the)

The richest people are not always the happiest.

Which do you think is the easiest language to learn?

She's the luckiest person I know.

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-syllable adverbs ending in y form their superlative with the words the most. Example: Of all the people I
know my father drives the most quickly (quickliest).

Other 2-syllable adjectives: use the most with the unchanged

adjective

The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar

exercises.
My sister is the most careful person I know.

Note: The superlative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -er.
Examples:simple-simplest, clever-cleverest, narrow-narrowest. To be sure which
superlative method to use, you will need to consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the

unchanged adjective

Some people think that Russian is the most

difficult language.
Albert Einstein was the most intelligent person in history.

My most enjoyable class is English.

You are the most irritating person I have ever met!

Following are two common irregular comaparative/superlative

forms:

good-better-the best
bad-worse-the worst

The following guidelines apply to the comparative/superlative of

mostadverbs:
1-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est

I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my

class.
She works harder than me. / She works the hardest of all
students.

Other adverbs: use more / the most*

She ran more quickly than me. / Of all the students she
ran the most quickly.

* In informal English it is common to hear the adjectival comparative/superlative

form of two-syllable adverbs. For example: She ran quicker than me. | She ran
the quickest.
Many educated English speakers prefer to use the nominative plus a verb rather
than the accusative in such comparative sentences, especially in formal situations.
They say, for example,My sister is taller than I am. or She ran more quickly than I
did.
The alternative, omitting the verb as in the following examples, is considered to be
even more formal and is avoided by most British English speakers: My sister is
taller than I. or She ran more quickly than I.

COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
Recuerdas las cinco reglas para formar el comparativo y superlativo de los
adjetivos en ingls? Vamos a revisarlas aqu:
REGLA 1
El comparativo y superlativo de los adjetivos de una slaba se forman
agregando las terminaciones -er y -est al final del adjetivo:

cold

>> colder

>> coldest

REGLA 2
Los adjetivos que terminan con vocal seguida de una consonante duplican la
consonante final antes de agregar las terminaciones -er or -est:

hot

>> hotter

>> hottest

REGLA 3
Los adjetivos de dos slabas que terminan en -y cambian la y por i y recin
entonces agregan las terminaciones -er or -est:

noisy >> noisier

>> noisiest

REGLA 4
En el caso de adjetivos de ms de dos slabas, el comparativo y superlativo se
forman generalmente con more y most:

beautiful >> more beautiful than >> the most beautiful

EXCEPCIONES: Sin embargo, existen algunos adjetivos que, a pesar de tener
2 slabas, se los trata como adjetivos largos o polislabos y forman el
comparativo y superlativo con more y most. Trata de memorizarlos:

absurd >> more absurd than >> the most absurd

modern >> more modern than >> the most modern
polite >> more polite than >> the most polite
serious >> more serious than >> the most serious
tired >> more tired than >> the most tired
REGLA 5
Recuerda que los comparativos y superlativos "irregulares" cambian totalmente.
Aqu tienes algunos:

good >> better

>> best
bad >> worse
>> worst
far
>> farther / further >> farthest / furthest

Various studies have shown us that rote memorization is not an

effective learning strategy, and that teacher-centered
classrooms may not be the most efficiently structured ones for
student engagement.
Nowadays, we dont live in the same world. Society is a mix of
many different beliefs and cultures. Globalization has opened
up the world and allowed people to connect in new and exciting
ways. We blend traditions and create unique belief systems
that are not taught in any classroom, but are developed
through our life experiences and passions.
From my point of view, there are four essential Rules to teach
English with a deductive approach to teaching language:
1. Instruction should be student-centered.
2. Education should be collaborative.
3. Learning should have context.
4. Learning should be integrated with society.

We use the comparative degree for comparing two things and

the superlative for comparing three or more things.
From my point of view, there are four essential Rules to use the
comparative and Superlative:
1 This is the positive degree (noisy)
2 This is the comparative degree (noisier)
3. This is the superlative degree (noisiest)

For example:
The trumpet is noisy...A single drum is noisier...But a set of
drums is the noisiest musical instrument

First Page
ANIMALS
Cat, dog, rat, duck.
Cat and dog and rat and duck.
Cat and a dog and a rat and a duck.
Cat and then a dog and then a rat and then a duck.
Its a cat and then a dog and then a rat and then a duck.
School objects
Map, book, chair, desk.
Map and book and chair and desk.
Map and a book and a chair and a desk.
Map and then a book and then a chair and then a desk.
Its a Map and then a book and then a chair and then a desk.