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Contents
India Africa Relations
India vs China in Africa
Indian Peace keeping missions in Africa
Country wise relations

1. India Algeria Relations

2. India Botswana Relations
3. India Djibouti Relations
4. India Egypt Relations
5. India Democratic Republic of Congo Relations
6. India Ghana relations
7. India Kenya Relations
8. India Libya Relations
9. India Madagascar Relations
10. India Mauritania Relations
11. India Mauritius Relations
12. India Morocco Relations
13. India Mozambique Relations
14. India Sierra Leone Relations
15. India Somalia Relations
16. India South Africa Relations
17. India South Sudan Relations

18. India Sudan Relations

19. India Tanzania Relations
20. India Tunisia Relations
21. India Zimbabwe Relations
22. India Nigeria Relations
23. India Seychelles Relations

RelatedPost:ThirdIndiaAfricaForumSummitIndiaAfricarelations
India Africa Relations

83

Both India and Africa have emerged out of the same colonial history.
India strongly supported independence movements in African nations.
Major African nations were part of NonAligned Movement.
Many African nations support Indias UNSC permanent membership aspirations.
Africa is rich in mineral and non mineral resources and India can be a major importer.
Africa needs investments and India can contribute immensely in this area.
Indian companies are investing a lot in major African nations.
Indias exports comprise mainly primary and semifinished iron and steel products, dru
and pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, metal, plastic and linoleum produc
paper and paper products, yarns and textiles, chemicals, transport equipments, etc.
Indias imports comprise mainly oil, metallic minerals, pulses, semiprecious ston
leather, cotton, oil seeds and spices.

India vs China in Africa

China
China has invested a lot in many resource
rich African nations.
It secured many projects in oil rich
countries to build infrastructure like
railway lines, roads, bridges etc. (Foreign
Exchange = ~ 3 trillion dollars)
Chinese companies receive immense
support from their government.
Chinese bureaucrats and diplomats are
given targets with respects to securing
investment opportunities.
Chinese Exim Bank provides cheap loans
to its companies investing in Africa.
Chinese bring their own workers form
China. This is a cause of conflict between
the locals and the Chinese companies.
Chinese troops have shot African citizens
agitating against Chinese companies.
Chinese mantra is total plunder.
China is a dictatorship and it helps

India
India has invested in countries with
significant India diaspora.
Doesnt have enough economic
muscle (Foreign Exchange
fluctuates between 300400 billion
dollars)
Who doesnt know about Indian red
tapeism!!
No motivation.

Win
1

Indian Exim bank is too weak.

But some private MNCs have made
significant investments in Africa.
Indian companies hire locals. Local
Africans are happy with
employment opportunities created
by Indian Companies.
Indian companies are more polite.

Indian mantra is mutual benefit.

India is courteous towards locals

0
0

dictators stay in power in Africa. Locals see

China as a villain in such cases.

and democratic regimes.

Indian Peace keeping missions in Africa

Developed countries contribute only funds to UN peace keeping missions.

Developing countries like India contribute forces (soldiers peacekeepers).
Indian soldiers played an important role in many UN peacekeeping missions in the ea
days.
But lately UN peacekeeping forces have come under severe criticism over instances
rape, torture, sex trade, slavery, illicit businesses, etc.
In many cases soldiers turned spectators rather than protectors.
Indian soldiers (peacekeepers) were involved in many instances of rape and torture.
This resulted in huge opposition to UN peacekeeping missions.
The behavior of Indian peacekeepers tarnished the image of India in the region.
Now many African nations severly oppose Indias participation in UN Peacekeepi
Missions.
Many in India have questioned the benefits of contributing forces to UN Peacekeepi
Missions.

Country wise relations

India Algeria Relations

Important bilateral visits
Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi visited Algeria in 1973 to attend the NAM Summit
Economic and Commercial Relations
Algeria is got huge reserves of oil.
India has become 2nd largest trading partner of Angola after China.
Angola remained the second largest source of crude oil for India, after Nigeria,
the SubSaharan Africa.
Major import items from India

Automobiles and spare parts, agricultural and industrial machinery and equipme
pharmaceuticals, mobile phones and accessories, foodstuff (frozen bovine me
chickpeas, milk powder, rice, spices,cashew nuts) and cosmetic products.
Majors export items to India
Oil, gas, lubricants and phosphate.

India Botswana Relations

Botswana is the leading producer of Diamonds in the world.

Botswana is heavily dependent on diamonds which forms approx. 40% of its GDP a
almost 70% of its export earnings come from this single natural resource.
The Indian diamond companies and businessmen, especially from Gujarat (Surat) ha
always shown keen interest in buying rough diamonds.
There are roughly 7000 to 8000 people of Indian origin settled in Botswana.

IndiaDjibouti Relations

It is strategically located at the crossroads of Africa, the Middle East and the Indi
Ocean.

India Egypt Relations

India and Egypt, two of the worlds oldest civilizations.

Even prior to the Common Era, Ashokas edicts refer to his relations with Egypt und
PtolemyII.
In modern times, Mahatma Gandhi and Saad Zaghloul shared common goals on t
independence of their countries.
Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru signed a Friendship Treaty between the t
countries in 1955.
The NonAligned Movement, led by Nehru and Nasser, was a natural concomitant of th
relationship.
The strong ties between India and Egypt are evident from the affection towards Ind
amongst the population. Three streets in Cairo are named after Indian leaders name

Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Nehru and Dr. Zakir Hussein.

Trade
The IndiaEgypt Bilateral Trade Agreement has been in operation since March 1978 and
based on the Most Favoured Nation clause.
The top five Indian exports during FY 201415 were mineral fuels, meat, vehicles a
parts, cotton yarn and organic chemicals.
While the top five Indian imports were crude petroleum, rock phosphate, inorgan
chemicals, cotton and fruits.

Pan Africa eNetwork Project

The Pan Africa eNetwork Project, one of the flagship programmes of the Indi
Government to strengthen ties with Africa, has been operational through an Elearni
Centre since July 2009 at Alexandria University.

India Democratic Republic of Congo Relations

India always had cordial and friendly relationship with the Democratic Republic of Con
[DRC].
India was among the first countries to establish a diplomatic mission in Kinshasa.
India had sent its Gurkha troops to DRC during 196062, under ONUC [U
peacekeeping mission], for countering the rebellion in Katanga province.
Trade

Trade and Commercial linkages between both countries are limited distance a
infrastructure being the main constraints.
DRC is very rich in natural resources such as cobalt, copper, diamonds, gold, silv
zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, co
hydropower and timber.
There is tremendous possibility of enhanced bilateral cooperation.

India Ghana relations

Ghanas main (traditional) exports are gold, cocoa, nuts and timber products.
Gold accounted for nearly 81% of the total imports by India from Ghana.
Indias major exports to Ghana include pharmaceuticals, agricultural machine
transport vehicles, electrical equipment, plastics, iron & steel, ethyl alcohol, beverages
spirits, cereals, madeup textiles etc

India Kenya Relations

Indian firms have invested in telecommunications, petrochemicals and chemica

floriculture, etc. and have executed engineering contracts in the power and other sectors
Following Kenyan independence in December 1963, a High Commission was established

Indian Community and Diaspora in Kenya

The Indian Diaspora in Kenya has contributed to Kenyas progress.
Indians were brought in large numbers to work on the Uganda Railroad.
Merchants, artisans and others followed.
Eventually, a vibrant community of persons of Indian origin, presently numbered 80,0
including an estimated 20,000 Indian citizens, emerged.
Trade

Principal Indian exports to Kenya include pharmaceuticals, steel products, machine

yarn, vehicles and power transmission equipment.
Main Kenyan exports to India include soda ash, vegetables, tea, leather and metal scrap

India Libya Relations

Though separated by geography, India and Libya enjoy strong bilateral ties.
India established its Diplomatic Mission in Tripoli in 1969.
The high water mark of IndoLibya relations was the visit of Late Prime Minister M
Indira Gandhi to Libya in 1984.
India has supported Libya in international fora.
India welcomed the United Nations Security Council resolution 1506 adopted
September 12, 2003, lifting sanctions imposed on Libya.
Liberation of Libya
Following revolution in March 2011 in order to support Libyan revolutionaries and
impose sanction on Libya Resolutions were moved in the United Nations.
India abstained in voting in the UN.
Libya is currently passing through a fragile political and security situation.

In view of the deteriorating security situation, the Embassy issued several advisories
the Indian nationals to leave the country.
From August 2014 around 3592 Indian nationals were evacuated from Libya.

Trade
The main items of Indias exports to Libya are Stone, Plaster, Tobacco, Coffee, Drugs
pharmaceuticals, and other commodities.
The main item of Indias imports from Libya is petroleum (crude and products) a
Aluminum ores.

India Madagascar Relations

The main items of exports from Madagascar to India are Coffee, Spices, Edible Vegetabl
Salt, Sulphur & Earth, Essential Oils & Resinoids, Base Metals, Precious and Sem
precious Stones, etc..
The major imports from India are Cereals, Apparel Products, Iron & Steel, Cotto
Pharmaceutical Products, Products of the Milling Industry, Sugar and Sug
confectionery, etc.
Diaspora

There are about 22,000 persons of India origin in Madagascar.

Most of them are in trading but some of them are also in the manufacturing sector a
other businesses.
The role played by the Indian community and diaspora in economic development
Madagascar is appreciated at all levels.
Some of the Indian Diaspora are quite influential and their contribution to the total G
of Madagascar is substantial.

IndiaMauritania Relations

Economy: Apart from fisheries, Mauritania's extensive mineral resources include iron o
gold, copper, gypsum, and phosphate rock and exploration is ongoing for uranium, cru
oil, and natural gas.

IndiaMauritius Relations

From 1820s, Indian workers started coming to Mauritius to work on sugar plantations.
From 1834, when slavery was abolished by the British Parliament, large numbers
Indian workers began to be brought to Mauritius as indentured labourers.
November 2, 1834 marks the day when the ship Atlas docked in Mauritius carryi
thefirst batch of Indian indentured labourers. This day is now observed in Mauritius
Aapravasi Day.
In all, about half a million Indian indentured labourers are estimated to have be
brought into Mauritius between 1834 and the early decades of the 20th century, out
whom about twothirds settled permanently in Mauritius.
As a tribute to Gandhiji and the Indian freedom struggle, the National Day of Mauritius
celebrated on March 12 (the date of launch of Dandi Salt March).
Trade
Indias exports to Mauritius comprise largely of petroleum products.

India Morocco Relations

India is one of the major markets for Moroccan phosphate and its derivatives.

India Mozambique Relations

India and Mozambique enjoy close, friendly relations built upon traditional links dati
back to the precolonial period.
Traders and merchants from the Indian subcontinent came to Mozambique centur
back, even before Vasco da Gama set sail for Africa and India.
These traditional links have grown from strength to strength over the years as a result
which India and Mozambique today find a lot of common ground to cooperate with ea
other for their mutual benefit.

India Sierra Leone Relations

Ebola!!

India Somalia Relations

Somalian pirates are a problem in the Indian Ocean.

After the outbreak of civil war in 1991, a multinational United Task Force (UNITAF) w
deployed ahead of the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM) till 1994 follow
by the withdrawal of UN peacekeepers in 1995.

India South Africa Relations

Mahatma Gandhi started his Satyagraha movement in South Africa over a century ago.
India was at the forefront of the international community in its support to t
antiapartheid movement it was the first country to sever trade relations with t
apartheid Government (in 1946) and subsequently imposed a complete diplomat
commercial, cultural and sports embargo on South Africa.
India worked consistently to put the issue of apartheid on the agenda of the UN, NAM a
other multilateral organizations and for the imposition of comprehensive internation
sanctions against South Africa.
Indias relations with South Africa were restored after a gap of over four decades with t
opening of a Cultural Centre in Johannesburg in May 1993.

Recent High Level meetings

PM Narendra Modi met with South African President Mr Jacob Zuma on the sidelines
the BRICS Summit in Fortaleza in Brazil in July 2014 and more recently on the sidelin
of the G20 Summit in Brisbane, Australia in November 2014.
Former PM Dr Manmohan Singh visited South Africa in March 2013 to attend 5th BRI
Summit held in Durban.
President of South Africa Mr Jacob Zuma paid a visit to India in March 2012 for 4
BRICS Summit.

IBSA & BRICS Initiative

On June 6, 2003, the Foreign Ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa met in Brasi
and agreed to set up a Dialogue Forum for regular consultations.
Subsequently, in 2006, this was upgraded to Summit level five Summits have been h
so far, the last in Pretoria in October 2011.
IBSA Trilateral Ministerial meeting was held in New Delhi in March 2011.
The next IBSA Summit is likely to be held in India in mid2015.
South Africa was also admitted as a member of the BRICS grouping and attended t
BRICS meeting held in April 2011 at Sanya, BRICS Summit held in March 2012 in N
Delhi and South Africa hosted the 5th Summit at Durban in March 2013.
Thereafter, BRICS Summit was held in Fortaleza, Brazil in July 2014.
The 7th BRICS Summitis was held in the Russian city of Ufa in July 2015.
Commercial & Economic Relations

Commercial relations have flourished since the establishment of diplomatic relations

1993.
Indias imports from SA in 201213 and 201314 declined mainly due to restrictions
gold imports by GOI and hence, the target of US$15 billion could not be achieved. Rece
bilateral trade figures are as follows:
Exports from India to South Africa include vehicles and components thereof, transp
equipment, drugs and pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, footwear, dyes a
intermediates, chemicals, textiles, rice, gems and jewellery, etc.
Import from South Africa to India include gold, steam coal, copper ores & concentrat
phosphoric acid, manganese ore, aluminum ingots & other minerals.
Indian Community

The major part of the Indian origin community came to South Africa from 1860 onwar
as farm labour to serve as field hands and mill operatives in the sugar and oth
agricultural plantations of Natal (which was then a British colony).
Most of these initial migrants were from Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh with some fro
eastern UP and Bihar. A second wave of Indians came after 1880.
These were the passenger Indians socalled because they paid their fares
passengers on board a steamship bound for South Africa. This was the community
traders who mainly hailed from Gujarat.
The South African Indian origin community numbers around 1.5 million and constitu
about 3% of South Africas total population.
About 80% of the Indian community lives in the province of KwaZulu Natal, about 15%
the Gauteng (previously Transvaal) area and the remaining 5% in Cape Town.
South Africans of Indian origin are wellrepresented in Government, business, med
legal and other professions.
The year 2010 marked the 150th anniversary of the first arrival of Indians in South Afri
2014 marked 100 years of Gandhijis final departure to India from South Africa
reached India on 9th Jan 2015 this date now commemorated annually
PravasiBhartiya Divas.

India South Sudan Relations

South Sudan was a part of AngloEgyptian Sudan, under joint BritishEgyptian rule, fro
18991955.
After two civil wars (196272 and 19832005), a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CP
was signed between the Government of Sudan and Sudan People's Liberation Moveme
(SPLM) on 09 January 2005 in Nairobi, Kenya which led to autonomy for the South, and
South Sudanese referendum on independence in six years' time.
Consequently, South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 09 July 2011, followi
a peaceful referendum in which 98.5 percent South Sudanese voted for independence.
South Sudan is the 193rd member of the United Nations and 54th member of the Afric
Union.
India did not take sides in the two civil wars therefore, unlike some other countries
carries no baggage from the past.

India Sudan Relations

IndiaSudan relations go back in history to the time of the Nilotic and Indus Val
Civilizations.
There is evidence of contacts and possibly trade almost 5,000 years ago throu
Mesopotamia.
In 1935, Mahatma Gandhi stopped over in Port Sudan (on his way to England by boat).
British Indian troops fought alongside their Sudanese counterparts in Eritrea in 19
winning the decisive battle of Keren.
The first Sudanese Parliamentary elections in 1953 were conducted by Shri Sukumar Se
the then Indias Chief Election Commissioner (the Sudanese Election Commission, form
in 1957, drew heavily on Indian elections norms and laws).
In 1993 and 1994, India voted against UN resolutions critical of Sudan, and oppos
moves in 1994 to make Sudan compulsorily withdraw from the IMF.
Strong political relations continue between the two countries in different regional a
international fora.
Trade

India is the second largest exporter to Sudan after China.

India mainly sells sugar and confectionery, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, machine
and equipment, transport equipment, iron and steel, manufactured goods, textiles a
apparels, foodstuffs etc. and
India buys mineral and fuels, raw hides and skins, agricultural products, leather, met
and ores etc.

India Tanzania Relations

Tanzanias major exports to India include gold, cashew nuts, pulses, timber, spic
(mainly cloves), ores and metal scrap, gemstones, tanning/dyeing and coloring materia
nonferrous metals, essential oils, leather, silver, etc.

India Tunisia Relations

Arab Spring began here in 2011.

Tunisia has been a reliable source for phosphates (a primary input for our fertili
industry) since 1950s.
DiAmmonium Phosphate (DAP) and Phosphoric Acid are the two major products bei
imported from Tunisia.
India accounts for over 50% of Tunisias global phosphoric acid exports.

India Zimbabwe Relations

There were frequent exchanges of high level visits in the past, bilateral or to atte
Summits such as NAM.
Former Prime Minister Shri Vajpayee and President Mugabe met twice in the year 2003
the sidelines of UNGA and NAM Summit.

Indian Origin Community

The beginning of Indian presence in Zimbabwe goes back to about 1890 when Indi
plantation workers in apartheid South Africa crossed over to the then Southern Rhodesi
At present the number of Zimbabweans of Indian origin, who are predominantly from t
province of Gujarat, is estimated at about 9,000.
By and large, the Indian community is well respected in Zimbabwe and has maintain
cordial relations with the majority community.
Trade

Indian companies are looking for investments in mining coal, granite, gold a

diamonds.
India has strong presence in pharmaceutical sector in Zimbabwe and Indian medicin
are readily available in the local market.

India Nigeria Relations

Organized crime (smuggling drugs) is the major problem.

Nigerians are actively involved in drug rackets in Goa, Bengaluru and other urb
centers.
Relations between Nigeria and India have traditionally been warm and friendly.

Trade
India is the largest trading partner of Nigeria and Nigeria is Indias largest trading partn
in Africa.
Crude and petroleum products form the large chunk of Indias imports.
Oil Trade: In recent years Nigeria has become one of the main sources of crude for Ind
India imports around 8% to 12% of its crude requirements from Nigeria.

Diaspora
The Indian community in Nigeria is estimated to be about 35,000 persons about 25,0
Indian nationals and about 10,000 Persons of Indian origin holding other nationalities.

India Seychelles Relations

IndiaSeychelles relations have been characterised by close friendship, understanding a

cooperation.
Defence and Security Cooperation India and Seychelles have an elaborate architecture
defence and security cooperation that had been consolidated over the years with t
growing piracy menace and other economic offences in the strategic Indian Ocean region
Presently, Seychelles main items of import from India are rice, miscellaneous fo
products, cement, linen, cotton, vehicles and associated transport equipments, medicin
instruments and appliances for medical, surgical & dental use.
Cultural cooperation between India and Seychelles has always been significant.
India has an important link with Seychelles in the form of Indian nationals being t
earliest inhabitants of this island, mostly from Tamil Nadu and later from Gujarat, w
came as traders, labours, construction workers and more recently as professionals.

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